Download My report is devoted to the immortal works of a genius of world

УДК 72.725
Синюченко Є.Ю., Медведєва С.О.
Студентка; викладач
Вінницький національний технічний університет
INNOVATIVE FEATURES OF ANTONI GAUDI’S
ARCHITECTURE
The works of great Spanish architect and figurehead of Catalan Modernism
Antoni Gaudí (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) represent an exceptional and
outstanding creative contribution to the development of architecture and building
technology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Gaudí’s work exhibits an
important interchange of values closely associated with the cultural and artistic
currents of his time, as represented in el Modernisme of Catalonia. It anticipated and
influenced many of the forms and techniques that were relevant to the development
of modern construction in the 20th century.[2]
Reflecting his highly individual and distinctive style his architecture is admired
by architects and ordinary people around the world as being one of the most unique
and distinctive. Much of his work was marked by his three big passions in life:
architecture, nature and religion. Gaudí's work was greatly influenced by forms of
nature and this is reflected by the use of curved construction stones, twisted iron
sculptures, and organic-like forms. He studied every detail of his creations,
integrating into his architecture a series of crafts in which he was skilled: ceramics,
stained glass, wrought ironwork forging and carpentry. He introduced new techniques
in the treatment of materials, such as trencadís, made of waste ceramic pieces. Gaudi
understood that the natural world is rife with curved forms, not straight lines. And he
noticed that natural construction tends to favor sinewy materials such as wood,
muscle, and tendon. With these organic models in mind, he based his buildings on a
simple premise: if nature is the work of God, and if architectural forms are derived
from nature, then the best way to honor God is to design buildings based on his work.
The great architect also adorned many of his buildings with coloured tiles
arranged in mosaic patterns. This added another important dimension to his buildings
which is so often overlooked by architects - the use of colour. The combination of
original design, interesting shaped stonework, and vibrant colours in Gaudí's work
give the viewer a truly breathtaking visual experience.
His work has greatly influenced the face of Spain and especially of Barcelona
architecture and you will see Gaudí's works all over the city. But the most
extraordinary and unique ones are no doubt Casa Batllo, Park Guell and Sagrada
Familia.
Casa Batlló is one of the great buildings designed by Antoni Gaudí. It seems
that the goal of the designer was to avoid straight lines completely. Much of the
façade is decorated with a mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís) that starts
in shades of golden orange moving into greenish blues. For the mosaic the architect
applied pieces of recycled glass and custom-made ceramic disks. When the sun hits
the front of the building during the day, the facade magically materializes and
dematerializes in a celebration of color. By chipping away at the brick of the original
building and then covering the uneven surface with lime mortar and mosaic, the
architect intensified this optical effect. He then crowned the building with an attic
covered by scale-like tiles and completed the composition with a medieval-style
turret. [1] The roof is arched and is likened to the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A
common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre,
terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George
(patron saint of Catalonia), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon. From
the outside the façade of Casa Batlló looks like it has been made from skulls and
bones. The "Skulls" are in fact balconies and the "bones" are supporting pillars.
Gaudí used colours and shapes found in marine life as inspiration for his creativity in
this building e.g. the colours chosen for the façade are those found in natural coral.
Park Güell was created as a stylish park for Barcelona aristocracy. It is one of
the most impressive public parks in the world. Gaudi planned and directed the
construction of the park from 1900 to 1914 for Eusebi Guell as a residential park
intended for sixty single- family residences. The project, however, was unsuccessful
and the park became city property in 1923. Though never fully completed, it still
remains one of Gaudi's most colorful and playful works. The park contains amazing
stone structures, stunning tiling and fascinating buildings. At the entrance to Güell
park there is a dragon fountain. This dragon is adorned in beautiful coloured tiling
and there is something rather hypnotic and magical about it. There is also a
mysterious walkway supported by twisting rock pillars that seem to be growing out of
the ground like tree trunks. Although these are rather irregular in shape they do feel
strangely natural too. At the top of Güell park is a terraced area where you get a
wonderful view of the park and of Barcelona City. Here you will find multi-coloured
tiled mosaic seats. The vibrant colours of the tiles are truly breathtaking.
Park Güell also has a small house in the park where Gaudí lived in. The house
has now been converted into a museum and contains personal things and interesting
furniture also designed by Gaudí.
La Sagrada Familia, or Holy Family Church, is Antoni Gaudi's most
impressive and most ambitious work. Gaudi took over the construction of the church
in 1883, and worked on it until he died. It is interesting to note that the construction
of the cathedral is still going on and is likely to be completed in about 2026. It is one
of the most hideous buildings in the world.
This enormous church is a summary of everything that Gaudí designed before.
The structural difficulties he faced and errors he committed in other projects are
resolved in Sagrada Familia. Moreover, he spent his last year living at the site.
The Sagrada Família has a cruciform plan, with a five-aisled nave, a transept of
three aisles, and an apse with seven chapels. It has three facades dedicated to the
birth, passion and glory of Jesus, and when completed it will have eighteen towers:
four at each side making a total of twelve for the apostles, four on the transept
invoking the evangelists and one dedicated to the Virgin, plus the central tower in
honour of Jesus, which will reach 170 metres (560 ft) in height.
The architectural style of Sagrada Familia has been called "warped Gothic,"
and it's easy to see why. The rippling contours of the stone façade make it look as
though Sagrada Familia is melting in the sun, while the towers are topped with
brightly-colored mosaics which look like bowls of fruit. Gaudí believed that color is
life, and, knowing that he would not live to see completion of his masterpiece, left
colored drawings of his vision for future architects to follow.
A number of unusual building techniques have been used in construction of the
basilica. A notable example of this is Gaudí's innovative "leaning columns" (that is,
columns which are not at right angles to the floor and ceiling). Leaning columns form
the structure of Sagrada Familia's temple. When designing the temple, Gaudí
invented an extraordinary method for determining the correct angle for each of the
leaning columns. He made a small hanging model of the church, using string to
represent the columns. Then he turned the model upside down and ... gravity did the
math.
Gaudí’s work enjoys widespread international appeal and many studies are
devoted to understanding his architecture. Today, his work finds admirers among
architects and the general public alike. His masterpiece, the still-uncompleted
Sagrada Família, is one of the most visited monuments in Spain. Between 1984 and
2005, seven of his works were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Gaudí’s
Roman Catholic faith intensified during his life and religious images permeate his
work. This earned him the nickname "God's Architect" and led to calls for his
beatification.
Література
1. Inside Casa Batllу [Електронний ресурс] / Rachel Grossman // Architecture
Week
–
2002,
13
November
–
Режим
доступу
:
http://www.architectureweek.com/2002/1113/culture
2. Works of Antoni Gaudi [Електронний ресурс] : World Heritage List / United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation – Режим доступу :
http//whc.unesco.org/en/list/320
3. Комарова И. И Архитекторы. Краткий биографический словарь. Антонио
Гауди / И. И. Комарова. Рипол Классикб, 2000. – 330 c.