Download Pediatric Medications Administration

Mennonite College of Nursing at Illinois State University
Pediatric Medication Administration DVD Posttest
PRINCIPLES AND CALCULATIONS
True or False
1.
T
F
2.
T
F
3.
T
F
4.
T
F
5.
T
F
6.
T
F
7.
8.
T
T
F
F
9.
10.
T
T
F
F
-The most marked physiologic differences between how infants and adults process and
utilize medication occur between the sixth month and one year.
-Children may have difficulties excreting drugs because of immaturely functioning
kidneys.
-The effects of drugs on tissues may be greater in infants because they have a higher
plasma concentration of protein.
-Benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic water or saline is not given to infants because it is
metabolized and excreted very slowly.
-A three month old infant metabolizes Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and some pain meds
slower than adults and may, on a per kilogram body weight basis, require less medication
-If an infant and an adult were given an identical dose of a topical medication, the adult
would absorb more of it.
-Administration of tetracycline to a young child will stain permanent teeth.
-Hexachlorophene and bacteriostatic water with Benzyl alcohol should not be used with
premature infants.
-Side effects and toxicity to drugs occur in children as well as adults.
-Drug-drug or drug-food interactions do not occur in young children.
11. Round off 2.541 to the nearest tenth.
a. 2.54
b. 2.55
c. 2.5
d. 3.0
12. A child who is 44 pounds, weighs how many kilograms?
a. 96.8 kg.
b. 22.2 kg.
c. 44.4 kg.
d. 20.0 kg.
13. A child who is 19 pounds, weighs how many kilograms?
a. 8.6 kg.
b. 41.8 kg.
c. 1.2 kg.
d. 14.1 kg.
14. Round off 6.777 to the nearest hundredth.
a. 6.8
b. 6.77
c. 6.78
d. 7.1
15. A drug label states that a certain drug’s dosage for children is 50 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses at
6-hour intervals. A nurse is caring for a child who weighs 48 pounds and will be receiving the drug.
The nurse’s first task is to :
a. multiply the 48 pounds by the 50 mg.
b. divide the 50 mg by 2.2
c. divide the 48 pounds by 2.2
d. divide the 48 pounds by 6.
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Once the child’s weight is in kilograms the nurse should
divide the weight in kilograms by 50 mg.
multiply the weight in kilograms by 50 mg.
multiply the weight in kilograms by 6.
divide the weight in kilograms by 4.
17. This figure is
a. the per day dosage.
b. the weight in pounds.
c. the amount of a single dose.
d. half the usual dose.
18. To determine the per dose amount, the above figure must be divided by:
a. 24
b. 4
c. 6
d. 50
19. Another drug is ordered for a child who weighs 10 kilograms. The label says that usual dosage is 10 to
20 mg/kg/day in equally divided doses every 8 hours. The nurse’s first task is to:
a. multiply the 10 kg by 2.2 to equal the weight.
b. multiply the 10 mg by 10, and then multiply the 20 mg. by 10.
c. multiply the 10 kg. by 8 and then multiply the 20 kg. by 8
d. multiply the 10 kg by 3.
20. In the above problem, 100 mg - 200 mg equals:
a. the per day dosage
b. an individual dose.
c. the high end of the range.
d. the low end of the range.
21. The physician has ordered 50 mg. of the drug every 8 hours. Given the figures above, is the dosage
within the recommended range?
a. Yes
b. No
22. A child weighs 33lbs. A recommended range of a drug is 350 - 500 mg/kg/day. A health care provider
has ordered 250 milligrams of the drug every six hours. The ordered dosage is:
a. is therapeutic and safe.
b. exceeds the maximum safe level
c. is less than the therapeutic level
d. is safe but not therapeutic.
23. A recommended daily range of a drug is 500 to 800 mg/kg/day. The child weights 2.5kg. A health care
provider has ordered 100 mg q 4h. The ordered dosage:
a. is therapeutic and safe.
b. exceeds the maximum safe level.
c. is less than the therapeutic level.
d. is safe but not therapeutic.
24. Medication errors are easy to make in pediatric patients because:
a. there are numerous calculations.
b. preverbal children cannot indicate a problem.
c. children may lie to avoid having to take a medication.
d. All of the above
25. Which of the following is not essential in helping to prevent medication errors in children?
a. having two caregivers verify dosages of drugs which have a high potential for toxicity.
b. checking the identification band on the child’s bed
c. checking and rechecking calculations
d. all of the above
26. Which of the following medications usually require two caregivers to verify dosages?
a. insulin
b. chemotherapy agents
c. heparin
d. epinephrine
e. digoxin
f. All of the above
PARENTERAL MEDS
True or False
To minimize emotional trauma before an injection:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
the child should receive the injection in his/her own bed.
the child’s parents should be asked to leave the room.
the medication is prepared out of the child’s sight.
the child should be prepared long before the injection will be given.
the child should be injected while asleep.
the nurse should tell the child the injection will not hurt.
the explanation should be at the child’s developmental level
the child should be distracted during the injection..
Choose the correct answer:
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
EMLA:
is applied to the site after an injection.
is thinly applied to the area prior to an injection.
is covered with an occlusive, transparent dressing.
has a duration of action of 8 hours.
2.
a.
b.
Compared to adults, intramuscular injections in children:
have a higher frequency of complications.
have a lower frequency of complications.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The amount of solution that should be given to infants with small muscles is :
0.5 ml.
1.0 ml
1.5 ml
2.0 ml
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The amount of solution that older children and adolescents can receive is :
2.0 ml
2.5 ml
3.5 ml
4.0 ml
5.
a.
b.
c.
The least desirable site for an intramuscular infection in infants is the
ventrogluteal.
deltoid
vastus lateralis
6.
a.
b.
c.
The preferred site for injection in children under 7 months of age is the
ventrogluteal
deltoid
vastus lateralis
7. The site on the vastus lateralis muscle in which an injection should be given is:
a.
above a line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the greater trochanter of the femur
b.
two fingerbreadths below the acromion process,
c.
the middle third distance between the great trochanter and the knee.
d.
in the “v” formed by the index finger on the anterior superior iliac spine and the middle finger at
the posterior iliac crest
.
Choose the INCORRECT response.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
To reduce children’s emotional trauma after injections:
the child should be allowed to express negative feelings.
an adhesive strip will after serve to counter some fears.
plat therapy may be useful if repeated injections are necessary
the child should be encourage to “act like a big boy/girl”.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Safety precautions during an injection include:
having an assistant.
stabilizing the nurse’s hand holding the syringe on the child’s body.
securing the child by placing hands above and below the injection site.
telling the child the injection won’t hurt.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Factors to consider when choosing an infection site include:
the cooperation of the child
the amount and type of medication
the amount of muscle mass.
the condition of the muscle mass.
10. Choices for intramuscular injection sites for young children are limited because:
a.
infant’s muscles are small.
b.
blood vessels occupy a greater proportion of the area.
c.
nerves occupy a greater proportion of the area.
d.
a 45 degree needle angle is necessary.
11. The procedure for giving a subcutaneous injection to a child
a.
is basically the same as giving a subcutaneous infection to an adult
b.
usually requires a very short needle.
c.
requires a 90 degree angle into the muscle
d.
is used when giving the child insulin.
ORAL MEDS
Choose the incorrect response.
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Liquid rather than pills or capsules are commonly given to infants because:
it can be divided easily.
it has a longer shelf life.
there is less danger of aspiration.
there is less danger of choking.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Information to note on the liquid medication bottle includes:
expiration date
appearance of the solution.
directions for mixing
instructions for mixing with formula
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
When giving a suspension, measures should be taken to:
prevent the drug from settling before administration.
thoroughly mix the solution.
pour off the inactive solution at the top of the bottle
give the drug immediately after pouring
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oral medications may be given to infants:
in formula
using an oral syringe
using an empty nipple
using a hypodermic syringe without a needle
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Crushing is contraindicated for:
scored tablets
enteric coated tablets
sustained-release tablets
chewable tablets.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Chewable tablets:
can be used for children over 1-year
require supervision by a nurse.
require children to have full dentition
can be used for children over two and a half
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The goals of administering oral medication to children are:
to get them to take all the drug.
to prevent choking and aspiration.
to prevent vomiting
to perform the procedure as rapidly as possible.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Before giving oral medication to children, the nurse should:
try to obtain input from parents
give the child a detailed explanation of what is to occur
stress that the medication is to treat illness and is not punishment
allow the parent to give the medication in the nurse’s presence.
9. Resistance to taking medications may arise because the child:
a.
thinks he/she is being punished.
b.
dislikes the taste of the medication.
c.
receives a short, simple explanation before hand
d.
has a limited ability to understand cause and effect.
10. Correct positioning when administering medication to a child on the nurse’s lap includes:
a.
child’s right arm behind nurse.
b.
child’s left hand held by nurse’s right hand
c.
child’s left hand held by nurse’s left hand
d.
child’s head braced between nurse’s arm and body
11. Measures to increase acceptance of unpleasant tasting medications include:
a.
sucking on ice cube beforehand
b.
sucking a popsicle beforehand.
c.
having the child put some of the medication on the tongue beforehand.
d.
allowing the child to choose a chaser
12. If a child has an emesis soon after ingesting medication the nurse should:
a.
give the medication again
b.
consult with the physician
c.
consult with the pharmacist
d.
document the fact that the child had an emesis.
13. Giving medication to a 3 month old requires:
a.
refeeding any medication the child thrusts out of the mouth.
b.
placing the child on the left side after administration
c.
avoiding giving more medication at once than the child can swallow
d
placing the syringe between the cheek and molar area.
Choose the correct answer.
14. Crushed medication is given to the child:
a.
in the powdered form
b.
in one glass of water.
c.
with food
d.
in one glass of milk
15. Crushed medication may be administered in :
a.
a half cup of applesauce
b.
a small amount of flavored syrup
c.
cereal
d.
formula
16. an advantage of special syringe’s made for oral meds is that they:
a.
can be used for subcutaneous injections
b.
can be used for intramuscular injections
c.
are sterile
d.
cannot be used for parenteral administration.
17. Parents need to be informed that :
a.
most household teaspoons can be used to administer oral medications.
b.
preparations for the eye and nose are usually not dangerous
c.
it is not necessary to lock away most over-the-counter preparations
d.
special equipment is usually needed to give medications to children at home.
18. When using droppers at home, parents may:
a.
substitute on dropper for another
b.
substitute a dropper for a teaspoon
c.
use only the dropper that comes with that particular medication
d.
use a dropper for two different medications providing they wash it in-between uses.