Download 1750 - Princeton High School

World History AP
Mr. Lucker
1750 TO 1914
The Industrial Revolution
-begins in Britain: raw materials, labor supply, water power
-the enclosure movement
-technological innovations: flying shuttle, spinning jenny, cotton gin, steam engine,
steamship, and later telegraph, internal combustion engine
-factory system: interchangeable parts, assemby line
-social costs of factory system
New Economic Philosophies
-Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1775: free market capitalism, the invisible hand,
the
just price, laissez-faire capitalism
Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848, exploitation and disparities in wealth as an
inherent
flaw in system, dialectic, class struggle,
Reformist responses: Factorty Act of 1833, labor unions.
Social Darwinism, Kipling’s The White Man’s Burden
Imperialism
INDIA
-British East India Company
-the Sepoy Rebellion, 1857
-India becomes a “crown colony”
-1885: National Congress Party formed
CHINA
-1830s, Canton
-Opium War, 1839-42.
-unequal treaties
-Treaty of Nanjing
-Second Opium War: 1856
-Taiping Rebellion (1853-1864) led by Hong Xiuquan, 20 to 30 million dead.
-Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), Korea, Taiwan, Lioadong Peninsula
-spheres of influence
-The Boxer Rebellion
JAPAN
-Commodore Perry, 1853
-The Meiji Restoration, 1868: industrialization, centralization, imperialism
-1904--Russo-Japanese War
EUROPE IN AFRICA
South Africa: Great Trek, Transvaal, Boer War (1899-1902)
-1910, Union of South Africa: only whites could vote
-African National Congress (1912)
Egypt: Muhammad Ali (1805)--industrialization, agriculture
-Suez Canal, 1869.
-1882, Egypt becomes a British protectorate
BERLIN CONFERENCE, 1884
-called by Otto Von Bismarck
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
-French and Indian War; Seven Years’ War
-Revenue Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act
- “No taxation without representation.”
-Tom Paine’s Common Sense
-1777, French involvement
World History and Cultures
Mr. Lucker
The Enlightenment
-science underscored the power of reason
-natural laws were believed to govern human nature
-(Hobbes vs. Locke)
Montesquieu--The Spirit of the Laws
-separation of powers to protect liberty
-checks and balances
philosophes--lovers of wisdom
Voltaire
-”I do not agree with a word that you say, but I will defend to the death your right to
say it;.”
Diderot--Encyclopedia
-28 volumes
-denounced slavery
-praised freedom of expression
-20,000 copies from 1751-1789
Rousseau
-man in his “natural state” was good
-society is evil
-1762-”The Social Contract”
-a freely formed government is OK
-praised the “general will” of the majority
-the individual should be subordinate to the community
physiocrats--economic reformers
-advocated “laissez-faire.”
Adam Smith: “The Wealth of Nations”
-father of modern capitalism
-supply and demand determine a just price
-the marketplace is better off without government regulation
World History and Cultures
Mr. Lucker
The French Revolution
The National Assembly (1789-1791)
The Reign of Terror (1792-94)
The Directory (reaction)--(1795-1799)
NAPOLEON: (1799-1815)
The Ancien Regime
Three Estates:
The Clergy--owned 10% of the land, collected tithes and tax
exempt
The Nobility--many hated absolutism
The Third Estate--98% of the population: from bourgeoisie to
rural peasants who had a heavy tax burden (the
corvee
-France is undergoing a national economic crisis in the late 1700s
-the Estates General had not met in 175 years
-Louis XVI convenes the Estates General to raise taxes
-the Third Estate calls itself the National Assembly and invites the other estates to join
-June, 1789--the National Assembly is locked out, convenes on a Tennis Court and
invites the other two estates to join them in drawing up a constitution.
-July 14th-Storming of the Bastille where there was believed to be an arsenal of
weapons at a time when it was rumored that royal troops were about to occupy Paris
August, 1789--The National Assembly issues the Declaration of Rights of Man
-calls for equality
-all male citizens declared equal before the law
-freedom of religion is proclaimed
October 5, 1789--women march demanding bread
-anger directed at Marie Antoinette who hearing of their protest was alleged to have
said, “Let them eat cake.”
The National Assembly:
-takes over and sells Church lands
-writes a constitution
-divides France into 83 departments
-Louis XVI tried to flee France in disguise--is captured and returned to Paris
-emigres flee France and spread fear to other nations
1791--sans culottes in Paris demand a republic
are supported by Jacobins, middle class intellectuals (and radicals)
-Assembly divides into right, center and left.
1793--The Radical Phase
-radicals take control of the Assembly
-suffrage given to all males
-monarchy is abolished
-nobles’ lands are seized
-all people called “Citizen.”
-Louis XVI referred to as “Citizen Capet”
-Louis XVI is put on trial and sentenced to death.
-January, 1793--King is beheaded
The Committee of Public Safety
-12 members
-Robbespierre, a lawyer and politician
REIGN OF TERROR: (July 1793-1794)
-40,000 people executed
-guillotine used as method of execution
-Robbespierre himself becomes a victim of the guillotine.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1795--DIRECTORY--rule of propertied males; weak and dictatorial
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AGE OF NAPOLEON (1799-1815)
-in 1799 Napoleon overthrows the Directory
-in 1802 Napoleon declares himself “Consul for Life.”
-in 1804-Crowned as Emperor--takes the crown from the Pope’s hand and places it on
his head.
-holds a plebiscite and gets the public’s support
-a regime of order, security and efficiency
-public schools under strict government control
-makes a truce “Concordat” with the Church
-pardons emigres
-sets up a meritocracy
-establishes the “Napoleonic Code.”
Napoleon embarks on foreign conquest; greatest extent of French control by 1810.
-annexes territory
-Confederacy of the Rhine
-cuts Prussia in half
-places family members on foreign thrones
Napoleon’s Downfall
-Napoleon invades Russia which responds with “scorched earth.”
-1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
-1815: escapes and returns in triumph
WATERLOO: June 18, 1815 in Belgium
-Napoleon is defeated in battle, is exiled to St. Helena where he dies in 1821.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815)
LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS
HAITI:
-Touissant Ouverture
-Napoleon sends 20,000 troops
-yellow fever
-becomes first independent nation in Latin America
South America:
-reject Napoleon’s takeover
-Simon Bolivar
-1811, independence from Spain
-Gran Colombia
Argentina: Jose de San Martin
Chile: Bernardo O’Higgens
Brazil: Pedro I--declares independence
Pedro II--1888, abolishes slavery
Mexico: Migual Hidalgo, Jose Morelos
Treaty of Cordoba, 1821
UNIFICATION OF ITALY AND GERMANY
-Garibaldi, 1861
-Otto Von Bismarck, Franco-Prussian War (1870), strategy to unite Germany
RUSSIA UNDER CZARS
-Crimean War, defeated
-Alexander II, Emancipation Edict, 1860s
-Alexander III, Russification
-Nicholas II (1894-1917)-Revolution of 1905--grants Duma
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
-Tanzimat Era (1839-79)--French model
-Young Turks coup of 1908: universal suffrage, equality before law, emancipation of
women