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Question 1
Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ____________.
subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries
rift zones along mid-ocean ridges
sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins
Question 2
All of the following are secondary effects of earthquakes except which one?
landslides
fires
ground subsidence
magma
Question 3
In the early part of the 20th century, ____________ argued forcefully for continental drift.
Karl Wagner
Peter Rommel
Alfred Wegener
Bill Kohl
Question 4
Most of our knowledge about Earth’s interior comes from ________.
Answer
drill holes
volcanic eruptions
seismic waves
examination of deep mine shafts
Question 5
Major damage occurred 400 km from this 8.1 magnitude earthquake in what city in 1985?
Answer
Mexico City
Messina, Italy
Bam, Iran
Kobe, Japan
Question 6
What type of geological event has generated many mountain belts such as the Alps, Urals, and
Applachians?
deformation
tensional stresses
folds
continental collisions
Question 7
Subduction of oceanic lithosphere under a continental block gives rise to what type of geologic
structure that is characterized by a continental volcanic arc and associated igneous plutons?
Answer
Andean-type plate margin
dome
continental collision
dip-slip fault
Question 8
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also
referred to as the ____________.
Answer
inertial point
epicenter
focus
seismic zone
Question 9
The former, late Paleozoic super continent is known as _________.
Answer
Pandomonia
Pancakea
Pangaea
Panatopia
Question 10
Most divergent plate boundaries are situated along the crests of ______.
convergent rifts
trenches
subduction zones
oceanic ridges
Question 11
How are faults, foci, and epicenters related? Faults that are experiencing no active creep
(relatively consistent yet minor movements) may be considered “safe”. Rebut or defend this
statement.
Question 12
How were earthquake intensities measured before the advent of the Richter Scale? What were the
problems with that scale and how is the Richter scale far superior?
Question 13
Would earthquakes of similar magnitudes in different regions of the Earth cause approximately
the same levels of damage necessarily? In your discussions, consider both geologic and humaninduced factors.
Week IV
Question 1
Which of the following statements is false?
Answer
Cinder cones are built from ejected lava fragments and are usually less than 300 meters
high.
Calderas are large collapse depressions having a more or less circular form.
Most volcanoes are fed magma through short conduits, called pipes, that connect a
magma chamber to the surface.
Sills are tabular discordant bodies that are produced when magma is injected into
fractures.
Question 2
The two general shapes of intrusive igneous bodies are ________ and __________.
Answer
lahar; batholith
lacolith; sperolith
tabular; massive
shield cones; nuee ardente
Question 3
What is the name of fossils that are widespread geographically and are limited to a short span of
geologic time? These fossils can provide an important method of matching rocks of the same age.
Answer
fossil succession elements
paleontological fossils
superpositional fossils
index fossils
Question 4
Who wrote, “The results, therefore, of our present enquiry is, that we find no vestige of a beginning
– no prospect of an end”?
Answer
John Wesley Powell
James Hutton
Charles Darwin
Albert Einstein
Question 5
Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because
Answer
water is an abundant constituent of magma.
silica is abundant in magma.
magma is a fluid.
rocks become less dense when they melt.
Question 6
The most deadly and destructive of the pyroclastic flows from composite cone volcanoes are
known as ________.
Answer
nuee ardentes
calderas
sills
laccoliths
Question 7
Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth surface that resembles the twisted braids of
ropes?
Answer
aa
pegmatitic
pahoehoe
scoria
Question 8
The age of the Earth has been estimated to be ______ years old and dinosaurs became extinct
about _______ years ago.
Answer
2.21 billion … 1.1 million
6 billion … 2.1 million
4.5 billion … 65 million
7.5 billion … 37 million
Question 9
The Deccan Plateau Hot Spots and Hawaii Hot Spots are examples of ___________.
Answer
divergent plate volcanism
convergent plate volcanism
intraplate volcanism (oceanic and continental)
batholiths
Question 10
Which of the following is not a basic type of unconformity?
Answer
nonconformity
disconformity
angular unconformity
misconformity
Question 11
Discuss volcanic hazards. Although commonly thought to be associated with most volcanic
eruptions (by the general public), lava is rarely responsible for the loss of life. Which hazards
would tend to be more deadly? Finally, indicate and discuss those hazards that are a direct result
of a volcanic eruption as well as those hazards that are indirectly linked. (hint: Think of ‘indirectly
associated’ hazards as ‘side effects’)
Answer
Question 12
Contrast the philosophies of Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism. What are the major
differences in how each philosophy addresses the age of the Earth? Finally, while neither
philosophy should be taken too literally, which philosophy has been deemed more accurate
by the scientific community and why?
Question 13
You are asked to interpret the geologic history of a county in California where the
geology is quite complex.
Aside from visiting various sites in the county for observing geologic sites firsthand, you
are permitted to request four or five different pieces of information or data to aid in your
interpretation.
What would you ask for and why?