Download The Lithosphere of Earth

The Lithosphere of Earth
Igneous Processes and Volcanic Activity
1. Why study?
• Thermal state
• Thermal history
• Composition of interior
• Geothermal / Hazards
• Comparative planetology
2. Volcanism and plate boundaries
• Divergent
- Continental breakup (Flood basalts)
- Mid-ocean ridge
• Convergent
- Domes, flows, explosive, composite volcanoes
• Intraplate Volcanism
- Strombolian style
- Hawaiian style
The Lithosphere of Earth - Volcanism
Strombolian
Hawaiian
Plinian
Volcanic Styles
Plinian Activity
Strombolian Activity
Spatter
Cone
Hawaiian Activity
Produces
turbulent, buoyant
cloud,
Rises to great
heights
Cinder
Cone
Bubble Rise Rate >
Magma Rise Rate
Cloud collapses
to pyroclastic
flows
Dome Growth
Degasses
Brittle
lid
Fracture &
Growth
Viscous gasrich magma
Magma Rise Rate >
Gas Rise Rate
Atmosphere
sucked in,
heated
Exit velocity
high
Low viscosity
gas-clast
mixture
Pressure
greatly exceeds
atmospheric
pressure