Download Europe in the Middle Ages (Notes and Study Guide)

Name ________________________________________
Section ________________ Teacher _____________________
Ch. 5: Europe in the Middle Ages
By the end of this chapter you will be able to…
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Identify when the Middle Ages were and what it was like to live during that time period.
Describe how land and power were divided under feudalism.
Understand how the manor system worked.
Compare and contrast the lives of lords, peasants, and serfs.
Explain why the Roman Catholic Church was so important and powerful during the Middle Ages.
Explain how an increase in trade caused the growth of towns.
Describe life in a medieval town.
Describe the role of culture and learning in the Middle Ages.
Explain the causes of the Crusades as well as what they accomplished and the effects they had on
life in Europe.
Explain the forces that led to nation building in Europe.
Identify the impact that the Hundred Years War had on England and France.
Chapter 5 vocabulary
Medieval
Feudalism
Manor
Serf
Clergy
Excommunication
Guild
Apprentice
Chivalry
Troubadour
Holy Land
Crusades
Jerusalem
Pilgrim
Magna Carta
Model Parliament
Hundred Years’ War
Lesson 5.1
Feudalism and the Manor System
p. 118-123
1. A knight is ___________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
2. What items were given to knights
for their use in battle? ____________
_____________________________
_____________________________
3. What was a knight’s job? ________
___________________________________________________________________
The Middle Ages
4. Ancient times are considered to have lasted until __________ and modern times
started in about ________. The period in the MIDDLE is known as the
_____________________ and is also called the __________________. (see how
they were in the middle of two ages!)
5. The Middle Ages started when the ___________________ collapsed. (Recall some of
the reasons the Roman Empire collapsed from previous chapter).
6. Once the __________ empire collapsed Europe broke into many small ____________
and were invaded by many groups.
a. One group that invaded was the __________, who were led by
________________. They invaded _________, which is now France. (find
France on the map above: circle it AND write the work Gaul under it).
i. Charlemagne went on to conquer ______________ kingdoms and control
much of Western _____________.
1. During his rule Charlemagne kept Western ________ united,
established __________, spread the ______________ religion,
issued _______, and improved the ___________ during his reign
which united the area.
a. After his death the kingdom was divided amongst his ___
sons who fought one another for power which left the region
susceptible for attacks from outsiders.
7. The ___________ took advantage of the weaknesses in the area and attacked from
the ________ (Norway, Sweden, and ________ areas) for about 300 years. (find
these 3 regions on the map above and circle them).
8. The Vikings were skilled ____________ and tough ____________.
9. What is a similarity between the causes of the collapse of the Roman Empire and the
collapse of Charlemagne’s empire? _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Feudalism: A New Kind of Government
10. In an effort to repair Western Europe after the collapse of ______________ empire,
a new system of government known as ______________ developed where land was
owned by _______________ but held by ________ in return for their
___________.
a. This form of government would last for __________ of years.
11. The people with power in the Feudal system were the people who controlled the
__________ (usually nobles).
a. The pieces of land that were given to the vassals were called a __________.
They were given land in return for a primes to ___________________ the land
owner but in return the land owner (or lord) promised to treat their vassals with
__________ and help them out in times of need.
12. Why do you think lords believed it was important to give vassals land and treat them
well? ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
13. A vassal’s job was not only to ___________the lord but to raise and lead
__________ that would do so. They were also expected to ________________ to
the lord (often times in the form of food, rather than money).
The Manor System
14. * _______________ was the way they organized power and government, while
_____________ was the way they organized their economy.
15. A manor is a large estate that includes ___________________________________.
(kind of like a very large farm with lots of people living and working together on it to
be self-sufficient).
a. Why would a manor need to be mostly self-sufficient? ____________________
____________________________________________________________
b. A ___________ was in charge of overseeing all operations on a manor.
16. Women of the noble class also held responsibilities such as _______________ the
household, providing __________ care, and ________________ servants.
Peasants and Serfs
17. ______________ were the majority of people in medieval Europe who made their
living by being __________________________.
a. They were often _________ and did all the work on the ______________,
even gave most of their crops to their ______________.
18. Most peasants were also known as ___________, who were considered to be part of
the manor but had very few rights (they could not leave the _________ or get
__________ without the permission of the _________).
a. They were considered _____________, but unlike slaves they could save enough
___________ and buy a plot of land (on the manor) and become a free
_______________.
b. Many serfs ran away to a __________, where if they could live for a year and a
_________ without being caught, they became ________.
19. What was life like for medieval peasants? _________________________________
________________________________________________________________
FOCUS ON A MEDIEVAL MANOR (pg. 124-125)
20. What kinds of goods were produced on manor estates?
21. What were many of these goods used for?
22. How did the people in a medieval manor use the surrounding manor lands?
23. Characteristics of a Medieval Manor: Included a _______ home and homes of the
_____________ and _____________, a mill, a chapel or _________, a bakery, and
usually surrounding _________ for growing ________, and usually ________ where
nobles could hunt and gather timber for _____________ and _________.
24. Describe the relationship between the nobles and the peasants. How did
Lesson 5.2
The Church and the Rise of Cities
p. 126-132
1. Some of the biggest, tallest, and most
beautiful churches in Europe come from the
______________ Ages.
2. Describe these churches: ______________
__________________________________
__________________________________
The Church in the Middle Ages
3. During this time, nearly all people in Western Europe were Roman _______________.
4. The Roman Catholic church had so much influence over people it was simply know as
“______________________.”
5. Most Western Europeans followed the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church because
life for people in the middle ages was __________ and ___________ so they were
comforted by the Roman ________________ belief that they would go to
________________ if they followed the Church’s teachings. They also feared
_____________________ after death for not following the _______________
teachings.
6. The Church had great ________________ ($$$) power because it collected
_____________ and took ___________ (land) from the lords in exchange for
services from clergy members.
a. The Church was the largest owner of ________ in Europe at the time
7. The church had so much political power because of their combination of ___________
power and ___________ power that it got from taxes and land ownership.
a. Since it had great amounts of political (dealing with government) power, the
church took on many roles that a _____________ deals with today.
b. People who did not obey the Church could be ____________________, or
expelled from membership and participation in Church life which at this time
often led to becoming a social outcast.
8. Complete the graphic organizer below about church authority:
P__________(authority over
all of the church officials)
A_______________
B________________
P___________
9. What major events did the Roman Catholic clergy offer their services for? _________
_________________________________________________________________
10. Some men and women chose to dedicate their lives to God by living in religious
communities. The communities that men lived in were known as _________________
and those that women lived in were known as ________________.
i. What unique opportunity did convents offer to women? ________________
__________________________________________________________
Trade Revives and Towns Grow
11. As feudalism became well established ______________ was becoming a safer place to
live with a ______________ population.
12. People began to travel more because _____________________________. This led
to the revival of trade because people brought back __________________ from
places they visited and introduced them to their region which created a desire for
these goods, leading to the revival of ______________.
13. Two major reasons for the growth of towns was an increase in ____________ and the
_____________________ of manors.
a. Towns grew into busy ___________ centers, especially where rivers
crossed.
b. As manor became too crowded, it became difficult to provide _________
and ______________ for everyone who lived there, so lords encouraged
peasants to buy their ______________ and move to ___________.
Life in Towns and Cities
14. The largest city in the world at this time was ____________. (go back to the map in
section 1 notes and underline this city!)
15. The middle class was a class of people between the _____________ and the
_______________ that included m_______________, t_______________, &
c______________ w________________.
16. The middle class workers began to form associations that included all people who
practiced the same trade or craft. These associations were called _____________.
a. The guilds allowed people in the same _______________ to work together
for common _____________.
b. People in guilds supported each other, trained new ____________, and
standardized _____________ and _______________ of goods.
c. Before a person could join a guild they had to go through years of training in
that trade as an ________________.
17. Medieval towns and cities were extremely ____________ and had __________
sanitary conditions which led to disease spreading ____________.
a. One example of a disease that spread rapidly was the _________________
that was spread by fleas and killed _______ of Europe’s population.
18. Cities attracted traveling ____________ and were centers for learning and ______.
19. _________________ traveled throughout Europe haring their poetry and music.
Lesson 5.3
The Crusades
p. 133-137
Causes of the Crusades
1. The Crusades were
________________
expeditions started by the
Church to capture the
__________________. What
city in the Holy Land attracted
religious pilgrims?
____________________
2. The Holy Land is sacred to the Christians because ____________ had taught and lived
there.
3. Identify the three religious groups that considered Jerusalem sacred:
________________ __________________ __________________
4. Compare how the Arab Muslims treated Christian Pilgrims when they controlled
Jerusalem, to how the Christians were treated when the Seljuk Turks controlled
Jerusalem. _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. When the Turks attacked the Byzantine empire it triggered the _______________
because the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople asked ___________________ to
send in knights to help Constantine defend against an attack by Muslim ___________.
a. Pope Urban II agreed to help and declared war against the __________,
who were also occupying the ___________ Land.
6. Three reasons why Pope Urban II wanted to control the Holy Land was that:
i. he wanted __________ pilgrims to be able to visit Jerusalem
ii. he thought that if Europeans united against a common enemy they would stop
_______________________________________
iii. he wanted to gain power and ________________ for himself and the Church
A Series of Crusades
7. The purpose of both the First Crusades and the Second Crusades was to gain control of
_______________, however only the ______ Crusades were successful, while the
______ Crusades had little success.
a. Although European armies captured __________ during the first
Crusades, those who stayed in the Holy Land were subject to repeated
attacks from the __________________ to which the Christians
responded by launching further attacks.
b. Following the Second Crusades ________ (an Arab Muslim leader) rose to
power but said that was Jerusalem was as important to ____________ as
it was to __________________.
The Results of the Crusades
8. Despite all of the fighting, crusaders were ________ able to gain control over the
Holy Land.
9. The Crusades brought lasting changes to Europe such as:
a. Revival of __________
b. Growth of ___________ and _____________
c. Increased use of ________________
d. Introduction of new __________ and _______________
Lesson 5.4
The Power of Kings
p. 140-144
1. In the middle ages, __________ and _________ fought over
who should select bishops. Because bishops were
__________ officials popes thought they had the right to
choose them, but _________ thought they had the right to
choose them because bishops controlled large areas of their
______________.
2. In 1081 King ________ invaded Italy (where the ________
lived) and replaced Pope _________ with a new Pope who
crowned Henry ___________ of the Holy Roman Empire.
Nation Building
3. In the feudal society many of the wealthiest __________ had great power and saw
themselves as equal to the ___________. However, if the feudal system would
decline, so would the noble’s ______________.
4. Feudalism did indeed decline because:
a. Growth of ___________ and __________: Kings began to support
the new towns in exchange for money.
b. The _______________: many gave up money to join in the wars
and many nobles were killed during this time resulting in the kings
taking their land.
5. The decline of feudalism helped lead to the building of nations because as the power of
_________ increased and they in turn used this power to unite smaller, separate
______________ under their rule which gradually led to these large kingdoms
becoming ______________ (also known as Nation Building).
6. People of a nation share a common ___________, ______________, and often and
language and ______________.
7. By the late Middle Ages the idea of a _________________ was taking hold in Europe.
8. How do you think the development of nations affected the power of the church?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Changes in England
9. When King _________ came to power he moved to increase his wealth and power by
___________ people heavily and ____________ his enemies. He also angered the
Church by taking their ____________ and trying to block the people’s choice for the
chief ______________________.
10. King John was not strong enough to overcome the church and as a result the English
__________ called a meeting of about 2,000 nobles at ______________ and
presented the King with a list of demands.
a. What was created was a document called the ________________ which limited
the __________ power.
i. The King could no longer _________ any freeman without a reason and he
could not __________ ___________ without consulting his Great Council
or lords and Clergy.
ii. The Magna Carta gave the people of England more ___________ in
government and protected some of their basic _____________.
11. The Kings council became known as the ___________ ____________ which included
common people as well as lords and clergy. Parliament eventually gained more power and
evolved into a _____ making body.
The Hundred Years’ War
12. A long series of wars between ___________ and ___________ was called he Hundred
Years War.
13. The causes of the Hundred Years’ War were:
a. _________________ claimed to be king of France, but the French
___________ did not agree.
b. Edward IIII invaded ______________ to get his way.
c. Both ________________ and _______________ wanted control of the
English Channel and______________ in the region.
14. As the wars progressed _____________ won most of the battles. However, the tide
turned when a peasant girl named ___________________ took charge of French
forces.
a. She led her forces to several victories until she was captured and tried for
_____________, convicted and burned at the ___________. As a result the
French saw her as a _________ (someone who dies for a cause) and were
inspired.
b. By 1453 the English had been driven from most of _____________.
15. How do you think the Hundred Years’ War helped lead to the colonization of North
America? (Hint: Why would England now look to a new location for colonization?)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. The Hundred Years’ War had many effects on England and France:
a. New ____________ were developed that increased the importance of
___________ and decreased the importance of __________.
b. The war inspired ____________ feeling where people began to think of
themselves as citizens of their country, not just loyal to a lord.
c. The war gave __________ more power, but also gave Parliament more power.
d. The war set modern boundaries for ______________ and _______________,
and ultimately led England to explore and colonize in distant lands.
Chapter 5 study guide
1. What was a lord’s main duty towards the people who were loyal to him?
2. How was life in towns different from life on the manor?
3. Why was the church so powerful during medieval times?
4. Why is the holy land so important? What city is the main city of importance in the Holy Land that
attracted pilgrims?
5. What did kings and popes often argue over?
6. Why did Christians fight the Muslim Turks?
7. Who fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
8. The medieval period is also known as the _________________.
9. What was the economy in the feudal system based on?
10. What were some effects of the Crusades?
11. Who made up most of the population during the middle ages?
12. Who changed the tide of Hundred Years’ War when they took charge of French forces?
13. How could peasants improve their standard of living during the middle ages?
14. Many surviving Illuminated manuscripts come from the middle ages. What were illuminated
manuscripts commonly used for/where could they be commonly found? What did illuminated
manuscripts look like? Who commonly made illuminated manuscripts? (Remember the station you did
during Medieval Fair Activities!)