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Chapter 4 Key Terms & Ideas cataracts delta Section 1: Geography of Early Egypt Notes Menes pharaoh dynasty The Gift of the Nile Civilization Develops in Egypt Kings Unify Egypt Summary rapids a triangle-shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river 3100 BC he rose to power, some think he is a myth. Wanted to unify Upper and Lower Egypt, first pharaoh the title used by the rulers of Egypt series of rulers from the same family Location and Physical Features o The Nile is the longest river in the world, 4,000 miles o 750-mile stretch of the Nile is in Egypt o Upper Egypt is in the North and Lower Egypt is in the South, the Nile runs North o Fertile river valley along the Nile about 13 miles wide The Floods of the Nile o Most of Egypt was a desert o Flood rains came from East Africa, which caused the Nile to flood o Coated the land with rich silt o Called the silt land Black Land and the desert Red Land Increased Food Production o 4500 BC farmers in the Nile grew wheat and barley o Developed irrigation system, series of canals o Raised animals, fished, hunted birds Two Kingdoms o Protected from all sides from invasion by natural barriers, deserts, seas, and cataracts (rapids) o Because of the protected villages, Egypt grew wealthy o 3200 BC two kingdoms had grown and banded together, Upper (capital Pe, cone-shaped red crown) and Lower Egypt (capital Nekhen cone-shaped white crown) Menes (3100 BC) army invaded Lower Egypt and then he married a princess from Lower Egypt Combined the two crowns into one, Menes became the first pharaoh of Egypt Expanded the Egyptian territory southward along the Nile.