Download Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA)

OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2011
Name of disease (or topic) for
which you are a designated OIE
Reference Laboratory:
Address of laboratory:
Infectious salmon anaemia
Department of Pathology an Microbiology,
Atlantic Veterinary College,
University of Prince Edward Island,
550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE,
CANADA, C1A 4P3
Tel.:
(1-902) 566-0967
Fax:
(1-902) 566-0851
e-mail address:
[email protected]
website:
http://www.upei.ca/~avc/html/oie.html
Name (including Title and
Position) of Head of Laboratory
(Responsible Official):
Dr Frederick S.B. Kibenge
Professor and Chairman
Name(including Title and
Position) of OIE Reference
Expert:
Dr Frederick S.B. Kibenge
Professor and Chairman
Name (including Title and
Position) of writer of this report
(if different from above):
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
1
Infectious salmon anaemia
Part I: Summary of general activities related to the disease
The Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) is one of six faculties of the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI), in
Charlottetown, Canada. The university has approximately 4,000 full-time students. AVC offers a 4-year Doctor of
Veterinary Medicine degree to Atlantic Canadian and international students, which is accredited by the Canadian
Veterinary Medical Association, the American Veterinary Medical Association, and recognized by the Royal College of
Veterinary Surgeons in the United Kingdom. AVC is recognized by other veterinary colleges around the world for its
expertise and extensive research and service in aquaculture and fish health. AVC has a full service Veterinary Teaching
Hospital and Diagnostic Services laboratories, with a Regional Diagnostic Virology Service for mammalian, avian and
aquatic animal species. The OIE Reference Laboratory for ISA at AVC is located within the UPEI Aquatic Virology
Collaborating Centre, one of UPEI’s six Centres of Expertise.
1.
Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease/topic at your laboratory
Test
For
Specificity
Total*
Conventional RT-PCR
Virus RNA
Group
402
Real-time RT-PCR
Virus RNA
Group & viral load
445
SHK-1/ASK-2/TO/CHSE-214
cell cultures at 16oC
Virus isolation
Phenotype
8
Electron microscopy
Virion morphology
Group
2
In-situ hybridization
Virus mRNA
Group
0
ELISA
Antibody detection
Group
0
ELISA
Antigen detection
Group
0
Virus neutralization
Antibody titre
Serotype
0
DNA sequencing
Nucleotide sequence
Genotype
81
* Total includes all tests on surveillance, diagnostic, and research samples
2.
Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
Type of reagent
Fish tissues harvested from
healthy fish held in quarantine
ISAV cRNA for RT-PCR
ISAV Proficiency panels for real
time RT-PCR
2
Amount supplied nationally
(including for own use)
Amount supplied to other
countries
10
10 vials (one gene)
10 vials (one gene) each to
Taiwan and Chile
2 panels (38 vials per panel)
1 panel (38 vials) each to
Taiwan and Chile
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Infectious salmon anaemia
Part II: Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3.
International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the
production and testing of vaccines
a)
Establishment and maintenance of a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories
designated for the same pathogen or disease and organisation of regular inter-laboratory
proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
Validation of antibody ELISA for the detection of antibodies against ISAV in fish has been initiated. Formal
validation of this test in accordance with the OIE Validation Template is anticipated in the near future.
b)
Organisation of inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE
Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of
results
Organized two separate ISAV laboratory proficiency testing trials:
(1) ISAV laboratory proficiency testing trial with a company in Chinese Taipei.
(2) ISAV laboratory proficiency testing trial as part of the OIE Laboratory Twinning Project between AVC
and Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile.
4.
Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
There are no standard reference materials officially recognized by OIE.
Other reference material
5.
Amount available
Amount supplied to other
OIE Member countries
ISAV antigens for antibody ELISA
Prepared upon request
Atlantic salmon serum (positive control) for
ISAV antibody ELISA
Prepared upon request
ISAV Rabbit polyclonal antisera
Prepared upon request
ISAV cRNA for RT-PCR
Prepared upon request
10 vials (one gene) each to
Taiwan and Chile
ISAV Proficiency panels for real time RTPCR
Prepared upon request
1 panel (38 vials) each to
Taiwan and Chile
ISAV cDNA clones of gene segments
Prepared upon request
Histology slides of ISA
Prepared upon request
Antigens for ISAV vaccines
Prepared upon request
Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
The OIE Reference Laboratory for ISA at AVC has published results of a Ringtest on ISAV diagnostic process
and TaqMan® Real-time RT-PCR of 14 participating fish diagnostic laboratories from Europe (1), South America
(12) and Asia (1) (Kibenge et. al., 2011, J. Aquaculture Res. Dev., 2, 110). This Ringtest showed that there are
various RNA extraction kits as well as thermocyclers that are used in the laboratory diagnosis of ISAV, resulting
in poor reproducibility of the test result as a cycle threshold (Ct) value. The variation in performance of the
different laboratories could result in false reporting of the fish tissue sample status. A significant factor influencing
the Ct values and therefore the diagnostic sensitivity might be the thermocycler software used.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
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Infectious salmon anaemia
6.
Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease
control
The OIE Reference Laboratory for ISA at AVC received 4 submissions of samples from wild fish in British
Columbia-Canada. ISAV sequences were detected in some of the samples in two of the submissions, and the
positive results were reported to OIE and CFIA. As a consequence, CFIA plans to sample wild fish in 2012 to test
for ISAV.
7.
Maintenance of a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant to the
pathogen and the disease concerned
The OIE Reference Laboratory for ISA at AVC participated in a CFIA-initiated Laboratory assessment.
8.
Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Member Countries
Dr Fred Kibenge was expert witness for the Cohen Commission of Inquiry during the ISAV hearings on
December 15-16, 2011, in Vancouver, BC, Canada.
The OIE Reference Laboratory for ISA at AVC was an invited participant at the OIE Global Conference on
Aquatic Animal Health Programmes: Their Benefits for Global Food Security, Panama City, Panama, 28–30 June,
2011. A presentation titled “Laboratory issues – Aquatic animal disease, diagnosis, and global trends” was made
by Dr Fred Kibenge to the conference delegates.
Dr Fred Kibenge was OIE Delegate to the OIE Laboratory Twinning Feedback Session, OIE Headquarters, Paris,
France, 30–31 March 2011.
9.
Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Member Countries
OIE Laboratory Twinning Project between AVC and Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile, was
launched on 15 October, 2010 in Valparaiso, Chile. The first training workshop was held from 12–15 October,
2010 in Valparaiso, and included training in Taqman RT-PCR assay for ISAV. The training of two personnel from
the Candidate Laboratory took place in the Parent OIE Reference Laboratory in Charlottetown, Canada, from 5–
17 June, 2011. At the end of the training program, the Candidate Laboratory was provided with a proficiency
panel to try out on their own in their lab in Valparaiso, Chile.
10. Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Member Countries
No activity.
11. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
No activity.
12. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
Dr Fred Kibenge was a member of a blue ribbon team that analyzed the recovery of the Chilean salmon industry
from the ISA crisis.
Title of study: The recovery of the Chilean salmon industry: The ISA crisis and its consequences and lessons.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze and report the evolution of the ISA crisis in the Chilean
salmon industry and to evaluate the recovery process from various perspectives, extracting lessons learned that
might prevent or mitigate impacts of similar outbreaks in aquaculture in Chile and in other countries.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Infectious salmon anaemia
Project Partners: This study was an initiative of the Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) co - sponsored by The
World Bank, the Undersecretariat of Fisheries-Chile and the Chilean Salmon Industry Association (SalmonChile).
The GAA brought together an International Group of Experts (Adolfo Alvial, John Forster, Frederick Kibenge,
José M. Burgos, Rolando Ibarra, and Sophie St-Hilaire) to analyze the progression and recovery of the ISAV crisis
in the Chilean Salmon Industry.
Time frame: 1 August, 2011 –30 November, 2011.
Significant outcomes: The Chilean salmon farming industry recognizes that it will take more than laws,
regulations and improved practices to prevent another disease crisis. The values and attitudes of those involved in
the industry are a crucial component of preventing a future problem. Cooperation between groups is essential due
to the nature of the shared water bodies used by closely interconnected producers. From the ISA diagnostics
perspective, there are two main lessons learned: (i) Countries should increase surveillance efforts of the
aquaculture industry (farmed fish, slaughter plants, marine environment) in order to detect any significant new
pathogens early, and (ii) Countries should invest in well developed capacity and technology in their diagnostic
laboratories, and not rely on external labs in other countries.
Mitigation of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) by vaccination and genetic selection is a four-year project (20082012) being undertaken by Novartis Animal Health Canada Inc. Aqua Health Business, which is located in
Victoria, Prince Edward Island, Canada. This project represents a partnership between Novartis, AVC/UPEI (OIE
Reference Laboratory), Cooke Aquaculture Inc., New Brunswick, New Brunswick Research and Productivity
Council (RPC), and the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Norway.
13. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of
scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

Presentations at international conferences and meetings
Alvial A., Forster J., Kibenge F., Burgos J.M. and Ibarra R. 2011. Chile’s Recovery from ISA. Goal 2011,
Santiago, Chile, 6–9 November, 2011. http://www.gaalliance.org/update/GOAL11/goal11prog.pdf
MacLellan, R.M.A., Kibenge, M.J.T. and Kibenge, F.S.B. 2011. What types of genetic changes occur to infectious
salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a fish orthomyxovirus, during mixed infections with different ISAV genotypes?
2011
Merial-NIH National Veterinary Scholars Symposium, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine,
Gainesville, Florida, USA, 4–7 August, 2011.
Kibenge, F.S.B., Godoy, M.G., and Kibenge, M.J.T. 2011. Laboratory issues – Aquatic animal disease, diagnosis,
and global trends. OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes: Their Benefits For Global
Food Security, Panama City, Panama, 28-30 June, 2011. OIE Scientific and Technical Review, in press.
Kibenge, F.S.B. 2011. International Veterinary Medicine Laboratory Practice. Puerto Montt, Chile, 10 March,
2011, sponsored by Unversidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, Chile.
Kibenge, F.S.B. 2011. The new finding regarding the molecular epidemiology of ISAV. Update of Important Viral
Diseases in Salmon Aquaculture. Puerto Montt, Chile, January 9–16, 2011, sponsored by Aquagestion S.A., Chile.

Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
Kibenge, F.S.B., Kibenge, M.J.T., and Masaoud, E. 2011. Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) Ringtest:
Validation of the ISAV Diagnostic Process using Virus-spiked Fish Tissues and ISAV TaqMan® Real-time RTPCR. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 2:110. doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000110
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
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