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Chapter 29 Study Guide Biology Name: ______________________ 1. The change in the hereditary traits of a species over a period of time _________evolution_______________. 2. The ____theory of evolution__________________________ states that organisms could develop traits that they need for survival. 3. Goal of species – survive and reproduce 4. Body parts that no longer have job ______vestigial structures – evidence of common ancestry ex. Appendix 5. Individuals of different species produce infertile offspring 6. A trait that makes an individual different from others in its species ______variation__________________. 7. A change in the DNA of an organism _______mutation – can be helpful if makes the living thing better adapted 8. Evidence of once living things ______fossils___________________. 9. Catastrophism – floods and earthquakes have shaped land and caused species to go extinct 10. Charles Lyell – developed theory of uniformitarianism ( geological processes that shaped Earth in the past have stayed the same throughout time. 11. Choosing who will and will not survive ____natural selection____________. 12. Fossils found deeper underground are ______older and simpler____________. 13. The most complex life forms would be found in the ____top____________ layer of fossils. 14. Animals fighting over food is an example of __competition________________. 15. A white moth in a forest is eaten by an owl is an example of ____natural selection__________. 16. Ducks having webbed feet is an example of a/an ______adaptation______________. 17. Your appendix is an example of a/an _____vestigial structure___________. 18. Primate - eyes that face forward and thumbs that grasp 19. _____Fossils____________________ are the remains of once living things. 20. Looking at similarities between different organisms before birth is an example of ____Comparative embryology – evidence of evolution_. 21. How a new species develops - do not have to memorize steps – just understand Species are separated by a barrier (change in geography/environment) Natural selection takes place over thousands of years Individuals with more desirable traits survive and reproduce 22. Four main theories of the theory of natural selection Living things overproduce There is variation among offspring There is a struggle to survive Individuals that have more desirable traits are more fit