Download Answer key for Space study guide

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Big Bang Theory
Space Test
The creation of our universe occurred
approximately thirteen billion years
ago when it was very, very hot. It
began with the explosion of
concentrated matter and energy.
An explosion occurred that created
our Universe.
The universe is continuing to expand.
The fastest moving matter traveled
the farthest.
Planet Earth
Cosmic Address
Solar System - Our Solar System has a
star called the Sun in the center of it.
Milky Way Galaxy- contains billions of
stars. Our sun is one of billions of stars
in the Milky Way Galaxy.
Virgo Supercluster- made of
thousands of galaxies
Universe-contains thousands of
superclusters
One complete spin on an object’s
axis is a rotation
Rotation
The rotation of the earth on its axis
causes day and night
The period of rotation for Earth is
about 24 hours = 1 day
Earth revolves in an elliptical orbit
around the sun. (One complete trip
around the sun!)
Revolution
The period of revolution for Earth is
about 365.26
days = 1 year
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Equator
Horizontal line that lies between the
North and South Poles. It divides the
Northern Hemisphere from the
Southern Hemisphere.
The axis is an imaginary line on which
the Earth rotates (spins)
in space.
Axis
Seasons
**The length of day and night
changes because earth's axis is tilted
It is not straight up and down, it is
tilted at an angle of 23.5 °
The seasons are caused by the tilt
of Earth's axis and the revolution of
the Earth around the sun
The part of Earth having summer is
not closer to the sun; it is tilted
toward the sun.
When the northern hemisphere is
tilted toward the sun, it is
experiencing summer, while the
southern hemisphere will be tilted
away and experiencing winter.
Winter and Summer Solstice
Summer Solstice:
o For us it is when the Northern
hemisphere is tilted toward the sun
o Beginning of summer
** longest day of the year;
o Sun is at the highest point in the sky
o June 20th or 21st
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Winter Solstice:
o For us it is when the Northern
hemisphere is tilted away from the
sun
o Beginning of winter
** shortest day of the year;
o Sun is at the lowest point in the
sky
o December 21st or 22nd
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Vernal and Autumnal Equinox
Equinoxes:
neither the North Pole nor South
Pole is tilted toward the sun.
Equal length of day and night
***Vernal Equinox:
Beginning of spring
March 20th or 21st
***Autumnal Equinox:
Beginning of fall
September 22nd or 23rd
Weather on the Moon?
Inertia
Planets that have seasons…..
No water· No Atmosphere – Without
atmosphere there can be no weather
Law of Motion
An object in motion will continue along
its path at a constant rate unless
another force changes it
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Mars
Earth
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Planets that do not have seasons…
Why do we have a Leap Year every
four years and when is it?
Mercury, Venus and Jupiter
After 4 years the .26 of a day or (6 hrs)
each year causes there to be an
extra day in a year. The extra day is
added to the month of February, you
will have 29 days that year (Leap
Year)
M ercury
Order of Planets
V enus
E arth
My Very Educated Mother
Just Served Us Nine Pizzas
M ars
J upiter
S aturn
U ranus
N eptune
P luto
Moon’s Temperature
The temperature on the moon
varies greatly…
From 130°C during the day to 2180°C
at night
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Moon’s Weather
There is no weather on the moon
because there is no atmosphere
Highlands
mountain ranges on the moon
Most of the craters are located here
Maria
Dark lowland plains – named after
mare, the Latin word for seas because
from Earth they looked like water
Rilles
Long valleys on the moon
Hadley Rille is one of the longest Since
there was no water on the moon, they
must have formed from volcanic
activity or moonquakes
Perigee
When the moon is closest to Earth in its
orbit (pretty close)
Apogee
When the moon is farthest to Earth in
its orbit (away)
Perihelion
Aphelion
When the Earth is closest to the Sun in
its orbit (pretty close)
When the Earth is farthest to the Sun
in its orbit (away)
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Moon rocks
Moon rocks – about 4.6 billion years
old – same age as Earth.
Earth and Moon formed –same time
Moonquakes
Moon’s Gravity
Find your weight on the moon
The moon has many moonquakes.
They may have caused there to be
rilles (cracks) on the moon.
Gravity is
Earth’s gravity – Objects
weigh much less on the moon
Your Earth weight divided by 6=
Moon weight
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Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
When the Earth and moon revolve
around the sun they sometimes block
out the sunlight and cast a shadow on
the other body.
The shadow causes an eclipse
The two types, depend on which body
is blocked (in shadow)
When the moon blocks the sunlight from the
earth (Earth is in the moon’s shadow)

When the Earth blocks the sunlight
from the moon (Moon is in Earth’s
shadow)
Umbra
The small, dark inner shadow
This is where a Total Eclipse will take place.
Penumbra
The larger, lighter outer shadow
This is where a Partial Eclipse will take
place.
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Total Eclipse
Partial Eclipse
Tides
The area of Earth that is in the Umbra
of the moon’s shadow will experience
a total Eclipse – total darkness
The area of Earth that is in the
Penumbra of the moon’s shadow will
experience a partial Eclipse –
semi- darkness
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Neap Tides
Spring Tides
Number of Days in Each Month
Tides are the rise and fall of the
oceans on the earth
They are caused by the gravitational
pull of the moon on the Earth
As the Earth rotates (every 24 hours)
the side of the Earth that faces the
moon bulges. This causes a High tide
on both the side of Earth that faces
the moon and on the side of Earth that
faces away from the moon
Low tides occur on both sides that do
not bulge
At any given shore on Earth there are
always 2 high tides and 2 low tides
every 24 hours.
Weakest High and Low tides-During the
1st quarter and last quarter the Sun and
moon are at right angles so the affect of
their gravity works against each other
causing the lowest, high tides to occur.
Strongest High and Low tides – When
the Earth, Sun and moon line up in their
orbits the sun’s gravitational pull adds to
the moon’s and the tides are much higher
(during the Full and New Moon Phases)
30 days: Sept., April, June and November
31 days: January, March, May, July,
August, October, December
28 days: February
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Mirror on the Moon
Scientists left a mirror on the moon to
help them calculate the distance from
Earth to the moon. They knew how fast
light travels, they bounced a beam of light
from Earth to the Moon and timed how
long it took to get back
First Missions to the Moon
Apollo Missions
Neil Armstrong
1st man to step on moon - 1969
Edwin Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin
2nd man to step on moon - 1969
Size of Moon
Lunar Month
What causes the phases of the
Moon?
Diameter is ¼ Earth’s size
The time that it takes from one full
moon to another
29. 5 days
The revolution of the moon around
the earth causes it to appear to
change shape
The moon goes through all phases
in 29.5 days (its period of
revolution)
The moon does not have light, it
just reflects the sun’s light
Compare the period of rotation of
Moon’s Period of Rotation-27. 3 Days
the moon to the period of rotation to Moon revolves around the Earth in an
elliptical orbit
the Earth.
Earth’s Period of Rotation- 24 hrs
Remember the moon’s period of
rotation is in days while the moon’s is
in hours.
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Latin word for Moon
Lunar
The theory of how the moon was
formed. IN DETAIL!!!!
A giant asteroid (the size of Mars) hit
the Earth and tore pieces out of Earth’s
surface. The pieces moved toward
each other due to gravity and
became our moon. It stayed in orbit
due to Earth’s Gravity. The hole that
was left on Earth is now the Pacific
Ocean. This is also supported by
moon rocks (they are the same age
and material as Earth’s rocks)
Far side of the Moon
Near side of the Moon
Because the moon’s period of
rotation is almost the same as its
period of revolution only one side of
the moon faces Earth.
We call the side that we view the
Near Side.
We never see the Far Side of the
Moon
The Moon’s Rotation Time
The Moon’s Revolution Time
Moon’s
Period of
Rotation
(Day)
27.3 days - same as its
revolution
Moon’s
Period of 27.3 days - same as its
Revolution rotation
(year)
****Study the phases of the Moon.
**** Study the diagrams for Tides and Eclipses – be able to label them.
**** Calculate Weight Earth – Moon and Moon- Earth
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