Download Foundations* - Chapter 9, 10, and 11 Exam

Foundations* - Chapter 9, 10, and 11 Exam
rift valleys
Plates
Pangaea
plate tectonics mechanism
oceanic
mountain belts
divergent
lithosphere
Seafloor spreading
1. In the continental drift hypothesis, a supercontinent called ____________________ was proposed.
2. One type of evidence that supports Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis is the existence of
____________________ that begin on one continent and continue on another.
3. Most scientists in Wegener’s day rejected his hypothesis for continental drift because he could not
explain a(n) ____________________ for how continents can move.
4. The theory of ____________________ states that Earth’s rigid outer shell is divided into about
seven major segments.
5. Earth’s rigid outer layer, consisting of the crust and uppermost mantle, is called the
____________________.
6. The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s rigid outer shell is divided into several individual
segments called ____________________.
7. The type of plate boundary where plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of material from the
mantle to create new seafloor, is referred to as a(n) ____________________ plate boundary.
8. ____________________ is the mechanism responsible for producing the new oceanic crust between
two diverging plates.
9. During the breakup of a continent along a divergent plate boundary, deep faulted structures called
____________________ are generated.
10. A subduction zone occurs when one ____________________ plate is forced beneath a second plate.
mantle plumes
volcanic island arc
increases
slab-pull
convergent oceanic continental
reverse polarity
transform fault boundary
hot spots
shallow
11. At a(n) ______________________________ boundary, oceanic lithosphere plunges beneath an overriding
continental plate.
12. A chain of small volcanic islands that forms when two oceanic plates converge, one descending beneath the
other, is called a(n) ____________________.
13. A(n) _________________________ occurs where two plates grind pass each other without creating or
destroying lithosphere.
14. Rocks that exhibit magnetism that is opposite to the current magnetic field are said to have
____________________.
15. Plumes of molten rock originating deep within the mantle are known as ____________________.
16. The age of the deepest ocean sediments ____________________ with increasing distance from an ocean
ridge crest.
17. Earthquakes associated with divergent boundaries have ____________________ foci.
18. The primary forces that cause plate motion are made possible by a mechanism called
____________________.
19. The appearance of hot spots and volcanoes at Earth’s surface is evidence of ____________________.