Download Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks
Extrusive Rock:
Formed from lava that erupts from
volcanoes then cools
and hardens on Earth’s surface
Igneous Rocks
Extrusive Rock:
Formed from lava that erupts from
volcanoes then cools
And hardens on Earth’s surface
glassy
Minerals are
not organized
into crystals.
scoria
pumice
Igneous Rocks
Extrusive Rock:
Formed from lava that erupts from
volcanoes then cools
And hardens on Earth’s surface
glassy
Minerals are
not organized
into crystals.
Fine-grained
Crystals are too
small to be
seen without
a microscope
basalt
rhyolite
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Rock:
Formed from magma that
cools and hardens
inside the Earth
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Rock:
Formed from magma that
cools and hardens
inside the Earth
Course
grained
Larger crystals
all roughly the
same size
pegmatite
granite
diorite
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Rock:
Formed from magma that
cools and hardens
inside the Earth
Course
grained
porphyry
Larger crystals
all roughly the
same size
Porphyritic
Large crystals
are scattered
on a background of
small or
microscopic
crystals
andesite
Igneous Rocks
Extrusive Rock:
Formed from lava that erupts from
volcanoes then cools
And hardens on Earth’s surface
glassy
Minerals are
not organized
into crystals.
Fine-grained
Crystals are too
small to be
seen without
a microscope
Intrusive Rock:
Formed from magma that
cools and hardens
inside the Earth
Course
grained
Larger crystals
all roughly the
same size
Porphyritic
Large crystals
are scattered
on a background of
small or
microscopic
crystals
Sedimentary Rock
1. Clastic: Made of fragments of previously existing rocks
Sedimentary Rock
1. Clastic: Made of fragments of previously existing rocks

Rounded pebbles cemented by clay, mud, and sand
puddingstone
conglomerate
breccia
Sedimentary Rock
1. Clastic: Made of fragments of previously existing rocks
 Rounded pebbles cemented by clay, mud, and sand
 Small sand-sized grains
sandstone
arkose
feldspar
Sedimentary Rock
1.



Clastic: Made of fragments of previously existing rocks
Rounded pebbles cemented by clay, mud, and sand
Small sand-sized grains
Grains smaller than sand. Composed of silt and clay-sized
mineral particles that we call “mud”
shale
2. Organic: made of organisms: directly or indirectly
from material that was once living.
2. Organic: made of organisms: directly or indirectly
from material that was once living.
• Made of shells of sea creatures
limestone
Calcareous Tufa
chalk
2. Organic: made of organisms: directly or indirectly
from material that was once living.
• Made of shells of sea creatures
• Formed from the remains of plants: coal
3. chemical: formed when a lake dries up, leaving large
amounts of minerals that were dissolved in the water
Mineral rich water drips into
the cave
Metamorphic Rocks
When rocks are buried deep within the Earth, tremendous heat,
great pressure, and chemical reactions may cause them to change
into different rocks with different textures and structures
Metamorphic Rocks
When rocks are buried deep within the Earth, tremendous heat,
great pressure, and chemical reactions may cause them to change
into different rocks with different textures and structures
Mineral crystals are arranged
In parallel, thin, flat
layers or bands (foliated)
slate
schist
gneiss
or
Garnet schist
=
gneiss
Metamorphic Rocks
When rocks are buried deep within the Earth, tremendous heat,
great pressure, and chemical reactions may cause them to change
into different rocks with different textures and structures
NOT arranged in layers and
do not break into layers
(unfoliated)
marble
limestone
=
=
talc
=
coal
anthracite
quartzite
hornblende
amphibolite