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Level 3 Biology Mid-term Review Sheet 2014
Chapter 1: The Science of Life and the Scientific Method
1. List the 7 characteristics of life.
2. This term describes the addition of living material; the addition of more cells to
an organism ________________________.
3. While observing a worm under the microscope, Max sees that the worm is
eating a piece of food. What characteristic of life is he observing?
_______________________
4. The combination of genetic material from 2 individuals occurs during _____________
reproduction.
5. What is the correct way to write the scientific name of modern man?
___________ _______________
6. This term describes the production of offspring _______________________.
7. What type of data includes numerical information? _____________________
8. One cell splits to form 2 cells. This is called ____________________
reproduction.
9. This is something held consistent across all experimental groups
_________________
10. A unicellular organism has ______________ cell(s).
11. An organism maintaining its’ internal conditions regardless of external changes,
such as keeping an internal body temperature of 98.6 degrees despite the heat
outside. _______________________
12. An organism’s scientific name uses which two taxa? _____________ and
____________
13. The most specific level of classification is ________________.
14. The last step in the scientific method is considering ____________.
15. The ________________ variable in an experiment is intentionally changed.
16. The first step in the scientific method is to make an _____________________.
17. _________________________ is the transition in to the adult phase of an
organism’s life.
Look at the classification information below. Then answer questions 18-19.
Human
Kingdom: Animal
Chimpanzee
Animal
Cat
Animal
Duck
Animal
Phylum: Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Chrysophyta
Class:
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Aves
Xanthophyceae
Order:
Primate
Primate
Carnivores
Algae
Protist
Anseriformes
schococcales
18. Which organism is the human most closely related to? ______________
19. What would be the next line on the chart after order? _________________
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
20. Most atoms are most stable with _______________ electrons in their outer shell
21. ______________ and ___________________ are found in the nucleus of an
atom.
22. DNA and RNA are both classified as __________________ acids.
23. Which of the following molecules can never be used for energy in living
systems? (proteins, llipids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids)
24. In an ionic bond, one atom ______________ electrons from another atom.
25. The __________ are found in the energy levels of the atom.
26. The atomic number of sodium is 11. Its atomic mass is 23. How many protons?
27. The atomic number of sodium is 11. Its atomic mass is 23. How many electrons
if the atom is uncharged?
28. These molecules make up of proteins. _____________ _____________
29. How many neutrons are in a Chlorine (atomic number 17) atom if it has an
atomic mass of 36?
30.
A charged atom that has gained or lost electrons. _______________
31. __________________ are a source of stored energy.
32. Polar substances (do/do not) dissolve well in water because water also is polar.
33. This term describes the ability of water to stick to itself. ________________
34. This type of bond exists when atoms share electrons. ________________
35. Window cleaner has a pH of 12. Acid or base?
36. Coffee has a pH of 6. Acid or base?
37. In an uncharged atom, the number of protons is (less than/greater than/equal to)
the number of electrons.
Chapter 13: DNA: DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
38. A section of 1 strand of DNA has the sequence AAATGTCACGTA. What would the
other half of the DNA strand look like? __________________________________
39. The name given to the shape of the DNA molecule. __________________
40. This molecule carries information from the nucleus to the ribosome. __________
41. DNA ______________ is important to cell division because it ensures that each new
cell gets a complete copy of the DNA
42. Guanine always bonds to the base __________________.
43. The process in which an exact copy of the DNA sequence is made.
____________________
RNA vs. DNA. For numbers 44-48, read each statement and identify whether the
material being described is RNA, DNA, or both.
44. Contains the sugar ribose.
45. Is single stranded.
46. Contains the base uracil.
47. Contains the bases adenine, cytosine, and guanine.
48. Contains the base thymine.
49. This is a change in the base pair sequence of an organism. ________________
50. The function of tRNA is to transfer ___________ __________ to the ribosome.
51. If the sequence of mRNA is CUC–AAG–UGC–UUC, what is the sequence of
DNA from which the mRNA sequence was made?
_____________________________
52. A sequence of DNA has 10% thymine. What percent adenine would it have?
______________
53. If the sequence of mRNA is CUC–AAG–UGC–UUC, what anticodons would
pair with each codon?
Match the terms below to the diagram of DNA below for numbers 54-56.
Sugar/deoxyribose
Phosphate
Hydrogen bonds
Chapter 12: Genetics
57. The law of ___________________ states that alleles (copies) of a gene separate
from each other during gamete formation.
58. Color blindness, a sex-linked disorder, is a genetic disease. A color-blind male
(XbY) marries a normal homozygous female (XBXB). What is the probability that any
female children would be a carrier for color blindness?
59. When two different alleles (forms of a gene) occur together, the one that is shown is
called (dominant/recessive).
60. If a characteristic is X-linked, it occurs mostly in (males/females).
61. An organism that has inherited two different alleles (copies) of a gene from each
parent is (homozygous/heterozygous) for that trait.
62. Long wings (L) on fruit flies are dominant to short wings (l) on fruit flies. A
homozygous long winged male (LL) is crossed with a heterozygous (Ll) female. What is
the probability that their offspring would be long winged?
63. A woman with AA blood marries a man with BB blood. What is the probability that
they would have a child with type AB blood?
64. Genes are sequences of ________________ found on chromosomes.
65. When one allele is not dominant over another, and the presence of both results in the
expression of both together, a pattern of inheritance called ___________________ exists.
AB blood is an example of this.
66. A(n) _______________ is an alternate form of a gene, such as blue or brown eyes.
67. In 4 o’clock flowers the presence of a heterozygote reveals an intermediate between
the 2 parents (Incomplete Dominance). Suppose 2 pink plants (RR’) were crossed with
each other. What possible colors could their offspring be? (Red is RR, white is R’R’).
68. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it can never occur in females (true or false).
69. The trait that was expressed in the F1 generation in Mendel’s experiment is
considered (dominant/recessive).
70. Crossing a snapdragon that has red flowers (RR) with one that has white flowers
(R’R’) produces a snapdragon that has pink flowers (RR’). The trait for flower color
exhibits ____________________ ___________________.
71. In the F2 generation in Mendel’s experiments, the ratio of dominant to recessive
phenotypes was ____________ to __________.
Chapter 10 and 11: Cell Cycle: Mitosis and meiosis
72. A pair of similar chromosomes is known as __________________
chromosomes. (They have the same genes)
73. A male has these sex chromosomes. (XX or XY)
74. A diploid cell has how many of each chromosome? __________
75. A female human egg cell contains how many chromosomes? ___________
76. What is the uncondensed (uncoiled) form of DNA in a cell? ________________
77. A female has these sex chromosomes. (XX or XY)
78. A human skin cell has how many chromosomes? __________
79. Chromosomes are made up of ____________ and ____________.
Matching: For numbers 80-83, use the following possible answers
Interphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
80. Part of cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs.
81. Chromatids separate and move toward the opposite ends of the cell.
82. Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
83. Chromosomes becomes visible and the nucleus begins to disappear.
84. An animal cell divides when the ____________ _____________ pinches in.
85. A plant cell divides by using a __________ ____________.
86. Through what process is the number of chromosomes reduced by half?
_______________
87. Use the diagram on the following page to label the following.
For letters A-E, identify the phase.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
Telophase
For numbers 1-10, identify the cell part.
Spindle fibers
Daughter chromosomes
Nuclear membrane
Centrioles (used twice)
Chromatin
Daughter cells
Nucleolus
Chromosome
Cell membrane
Chapters 16 and 17: Evolution
88. Fitness refers to an organism’s _____________________ success.
89. Where did people in the 1800’s believe that organisms came from?
_________________
90. Competition for _________________ most likely drives Natural Selection.
91. Which of the following terms describes differences in a population that will enhance
an organism’s chance at survival and reproduction? (adaptation/variation)
92. Who discovered the mechanism of natural selection? _________________
93. Organisms always evolve to have the best adaptations for their environment. (true
or false)
94. This type of natural selection is evidenced by the fact that most human babies are
not too big and not too small when born: __________________ selection
95. This type of natural selection is evidenced by the fact that the human brain has
gotten larger over time: _________________ selection
96. Which of the following terms describes differences in a population that may or may
not enhance an organism’s chance at survival and reproduction? (adaptation/variation)
97. If seeds are smaller one year, the beaks of birds born the following year will also be
smaller. If the seeds the following year are larger, what will likely happen to the beaks
of the birds born thereafter? ________________