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Download Bio 104 Exam 4 Review – Animals Part I: Phylum Porifera – Phylum
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Bio 104 Exam 4 Review – Animals Part I: Phylum Porifera – Phylum Mollusca (notes pages 28-36) Animals are defined as “multicellular eukaryotes that are heterotrophic by ingestion.” They have a diplontic life cycle in which the adult is always diploid. They are classified based on their Symmetry: asymmetrical, radially symmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical Number of tissue layers: two (endo and ecto) or three (add meso) Type of coelom: acoelomates, pseudocoelomates or coelomates Segmentation: non-segmented or segmented All of the animal phyla have invertebrate members. Phylum Porifera: the Sponges Cellular level of organization (only ones at this level), have specialized cells, no tissue layers Have collar cells (feeding), amoeboid cells (transport and spicule production), and epidermal cells Classified by spicule type (chalk or glass), most have spongin Digestion occurs intracellularly Phylum Ctenophora: the Comb Jellies Largest animal to use cilia for locomotion, radial symmetry Phylum Cnidaria: Sea anemones, Jellyfish, Hydra Radial symmetry, have cnidocytes which contain nematocysts Two germ layers – endo and ectoderm (diploblasts) Know the diagram of the medusa and polyp body plan, be able to label. Class Anthozoa – sea anemones, corals; polyp is dominant form Class Scyphozoa – true jellyfish; medusa is dominant form Class Hydrozoa – Hydra, Obelia, Portuguese Man-o-War; polyp is dominant, planula larva in sexual repro. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Three tissue layers (triploblasts), acoelomates, sac body plan Planaria (free living) Flukes (parasitic) – invade organs Tapeworms (parasitic) – attach to intestinal wall with scolex, body segments called proglottids Be able to compare and contrast between free-living and parasitic flatworms Phylum Nematoda: the Roundworms Tube-within-a-tube body plan, complete digestive tract, are pseudocoeomates, include pinworms, hookworms and Trichinella, Ascaris, which are parasites, also free-living in soil and water. Be able to diagram acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate body types, know which organisms are which. Protosomes vs deuterostomes: be able to compare and contrast, know which organisms are which. Know advantages of true coelom. Phylum Mollusca: the Mollusks Three-part body plan: visceral mass, foot, mantle Class Bivalvia – two shells – clams, oysters, scallops – have open circulatory system Class Cephalopoda – “head foot”- octopuses, squid – closed circulatory system, camera eyes, beak, brain Class Gastropoda – “stomach foot” – snails, slugs, conchs – undergo torsion during development Labeling – Exam 4 Cnidarian Body Types – Be able to label parts: tentacles, mouth, gastrovascular cavity, mesoglea, and indicate whether it is a polyp or medusa. Coelom Types – Be able to label: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm, pseudocoelom, coelom, mesentery, gastric cavity, on all three, and indicate which is the coelomate, acoelomate, pseudocoelomate body type.
