Download 2015 1st Semester Exam Review Key

2015 1st Semester Exam Review Key
Biosphere: All of the earth where organisms survive
Biome: Large sections of the planet with common ecosystems
Niche: The role or job or an organism in the environment
Habitat: The place where an organism lives.
Community: A group of different populations
Population: a group of organisms of the same species
Species: An organism that can reproduce similar offspring that are fertile
Food web and food chain- Food chain is one and a web is a group of interacting chains
Producer and Consumer- Producer makes their own food and a Consumer has to hunt down food
Autotroph and Heterotroph- Same as above
Photosynthesis and ChemosynthesisPhotosynthesis- the use of sunlight to produce sugars for food.
Chemosynthesis – the uses of chemical reactions to produce sugars
Herbivore: _plant eater__insect, mouse________
Carnivore: meat eater
Omnivore: eats plant and animal______lions, tigers, bears
Decomposer: Bacteria and Fungi that break down dead organisms and wastes to recycle the nutrients
Phytoplankton are photosynthetic autotropphs, they might include some algae and cyanobacteria
Zooplankton are heterotrophic and might include fish larvae and protozoans
How will a flood killing off the grass affect the mice and snakes?
Mice would decrease due to lack of food which would make the snakes decrease.
56. How will the mice population be affected by a loss of the frogs? Owls will eat more mice causing their
population to decrease.
What important group is missing? The Decomposers because they recycle nutrients back into the soil.
Define Predation __One organism hunting and eating another_
________________________________________________________________________
59. What is biological diversity? All of the variety of species and ecosystems in the planet
60. How is biodiversity increased? The use of parks, zoos and preserves . laws regarding conservation help too.
61. Does biodiversity increase or decrease as you go away from the equator? decrease
62. What is competition? Two or more organism that are fighting over a natural resources such as food, water,
shelter and mates.
In Adair County Missouri a group of Sika Deer were introduced to a farm to provide more opportunities for
hunters through outfitters. Some of the deer escaped the fenced farm into neighboring farms.
Looking at the results of the graph:
Which breed of deer was better able to survive? Sika
The deer were Competing for resources so the species that was better Adapted to the environment survived.
63. Define ecosystem All of the populations in an area plus the abiotic portion
64. What is the base of the food chain on land and in water? The producers would be plants and algae
65. All energy is not transferred up the food chain. Name two ways energy is lost.
By heat and life processes
66. What is not recycled in an ecosystem? ________energy________
67. What is the role of bacteria and fungi in the ecosystem? Recycle nutrients back into the system, especially
for producers
68. What to bacteria and fungi eat? __waste and dead organisms____
Define Predator, Prey. Predator is the hunter and prey is the victim
71. What is a carrying capacity? The maximum number of organism that a given area can
support____________________________________________
76. Define invasive/ nonnative species. A species that enters an environment where they have no natural
predators and they take over killing off native species.
77. Who is generally responsible for the introduction of a nonnative species to an ecosystem?
___HUMANS___________
Hyenas follow a pride of Lions and feed on what is available when the lions have finished. What type of
relationship is this?
Commensalism- because the Lions are not affected while the hyenas are benefitting.
Name the Symbiotic relationship that goes with the example:
Sea Anenome and Nemo- Mutualism
Fish and cleaner shrimp- Commensalism
Dog and tick- Parasitism
Human and intestinal bacteria- Mutualism
36. What would the gazelle population increase at 400 months and 600 months?
Because the Lion population was decreasing, less predators
37. What would the lion population decrease at 275 months and 475 months?
Less food available because the gazelle population was low
38. What are 3 limiting factors that can slow population growth?
Food, Water, Shelter, Mates
Biochemistry
1. How are amino acids and proteins related? How are simple sugars and starches related? How are
nucleotides related to DNA and RNA? How are glycerol and fatty acids related to lipids?
Amino acids make up proteins
monosaccharides make up carbohydrates
Nucleotides make up DNA and RNA
Glycerol & Fatty acids make up Lipids
We know that water acts as a buffer for body temperature. A body that is dehydrated will have a temperature
that is (increasing or decreasing). Water acts as a buffer to temperature when it cools the body. It acts to
dilute acids and bases that would affect the pH of your blood
1. Water can also act as a buffer to pH in the bloodstream. So waters task is to make sure the pH of blood
is not too
Acidic__________ or _______Basic____________.
4. The ability of water to dissolve things is because it is a __POLAR______ molecule ( charged).
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Label the Diagram above:
A__Rough ER
__
B___Cytoplasm
C__Smooth ER_
D__Nucleolus
E____Nucleus
F____Mitochondria
G__Golgi Bodies
H__Ribosome
I _Cell membrane
J
K___Nucleus___
L____Cell membrane
Cell Wall
M__Rough ER
N____Chloroplast_
O__Vacuole
1. Describe the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. Give an example of each.
Prokaryote- does not contain a nucleus or membranes bound organelles- example is bacteria
Eukaryote- it has a nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and golgi bodies- example is humans,
fungi and plants
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Animals cells do not have a cell wall, they are generally roundish in shape and have lysosomes and
centrioles.
Plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls.
2. Why do both plant and animal cells need mitochondria?
Plant cells make sugars but to not burn them directly. Both plants and animals need mitochondria
to convert the energy in glucose to the energy in ATP
3.
4. What energy molecules are used for growth and development?
ATP
What organic compound does the nucleus contain and what does it have the code for in the cell?
It contains the DNA which stores all the information for inheritance and running the cells. It also has a
nucleolus that makes parts of the ribosomes
1. Define the job of each organelle in the eukaryotic cell
Nucleus: control cell activities; contains DNA
Ribosome: produces proteins from the code it gets from DNA
Mitochondria: Produces ATP (energy) from glucose
Chloroplast: Photosynthesis – production of glucose from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide
Vacuole: Storage of water
Cell Wall: Provides protection and support to the plant cells
Lysosome: Digest old worn out parts and bacteria, known as the recyclers
5. What is the function of the cell membrane? Why is this important?
Function is to allow molecules to pass through to help the cell maintain homeostasis.
6. Define diffusion. When does diffusion stop? Does it require energy?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, it stops when equilibrium is
reached, it does not require energy
7. How does Osmotic pressure relate to Homeostasis?
Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low concentration.
8. What does homeostasis mean, and why is it important?
Homeostasis is the cell maintaining a balance between its internal environment and the exterior.
This allows the cell to keep a balance with the molecules,
Name four organelles responsible for the production and shipment of proteins.
Nucleus to tell the ribosomes what protein to make. The ribosome makes the protein and the RER will
fold and transport it. The Golgi apparatus will package it in a vesicle. The vesicle will join with the Cell
membrane to ship it out.
The Sodium Potassium Pump is a type of ACTIVE transport because it requires ENERGY (ATP) to function.
What cell organelle is responsible for homeostasis? Cell Membrane
Molecule C is salt, Molecule D is water. The membrane is permeable to both molecules. Describe the
movement of molecules across the selectively permeable membrane.
Molecule D, the water will want to move from Side B to A till
there is a balance. Molecule C would move from A to B.
Active Transport moves molecules from an area of LOW concentration to HIGH concentration and requires
energy (ATP)
. Facilitated diffusion allows molecules like glucose to pass through protein channels in a membrane. Does
facilitated diffusion require energy?
NO
1. When plants conduct photosynthesis what are the reactants? (What do they take in?)
Plants take in carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
2. When plants conduct photosynthesis what are the products? (What do they release?)
They produce oxygen and glucose
3. Write the chemical equation and the word equation for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen
1. What is the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? What happens if it gets too hot? Draw
a graph representing the relationship between increase and temperature and the rate of photosynthesis.
The rate of photosynthesis will increase then decrease once above or around 105 degrees
2. What is the effect light intensity on photosynthesis? Draw a graph representing the relationship between
increase in light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis.
As you move lights closer to the plants the rate of photosynthesis will increase then level out. So at one
point it will not matter how close the lamp, it will not change. See notes for graph
1. We are suffering from a drought, how is this affecting the plants ability to do photosynthesis?
Plants would not have enough water to conduct Photosynthesis. Water is a reactant of
photosynthesis. Lack of water would slow down or stop photosynthesis
2. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Reactants- Glucose and oxygen
Products- Carbon dioxide, water, and energy ( ATP)
3. What organisms conduct cellular respiration?
All organisms: animals, plants, and fungi
4. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
They are opposites of each other. The products of one are the reactants of the other and vice versa.
5. Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur? Where does cellular respiration occur?(organelles)
Photosynthesis- chloroplast
Cellular respiration- mitochondria
1. If your muscles run out of oxygen they start doing lactic acid fermentation. What effect does this have
on your muscles?
The lactic acid builds up causing soreness; the muscles will not go back till respiration until it gets
enough oxygen.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Where?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
When?
Daylight, anytime
All of the time
In put or Reactants
Carbon Dioxide, Water, Sunlight
Glucose, Oxygen
Output or Products
Glucose and Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP
Energy Source
Sun
ATP and from Glucose
Energy Result
Glucose
ATP
1. What is the function of ATP?
ATP is the energy source for the cells
2. How is energy released from the ATP molecule?
A phosphate is released to make ATP into ADP
Cellular Reproduction
Mitosis
Meiosis
# of cells produced
2
4
Somatic cells or gametes
produced?
Somatic / Body cells
Gametes / Sex cells
haploid or diploid cells
made
Diploid
Haploid
How do the parent and
daughter cells compare?
The same
Half ½ the chromosomes
Why do organisms/you do Mitosis? Growth, Repair, Replace Old Cells
MEIOSIS reduces the number of chromosomes by half, whereas FERTILIZATION
How do new cells made by Mitosis compare to each other? How do they compare to the original cell?
The new daughter cells are identical to each other and are the same as the parent.
What process will the Juvenile use to grow (A) to adulthood? Mitosis
6. What process (C) joins the sperm and egg? Fertilization
7. The gametes are produced by want process labeled B? Meiosis
8. If the adult fish contains 36 chromosomes in each of its cells, how many chromosomes are in the sex
cells? 18
9. If the sperm cells have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes in the Juvenile fish?
48
10. What has happened to cause a cell to become cancerous? What might have caused this problem?
The Chromosome or DNA that controls cell division is damaged or mutated. YThe damage could be
related to radiation, chemicals or an inheritance issue.
11. What process allows the body to increase the number of cells for growth, development, and then
specialization? Mitosis
The above experiment involves a water plant.
Provided with sunlight what cellular process is being conducted?
What gas is being given off?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
OXYGEN
What distance from the light produces 25 bubbles per minute?
15 cm
What is the independent variable being tested?
Distance from the light source
The above experiment is measuring osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of ___Water_.
Line A is a graph of a single group, Line B is the class data. Which line shows more movement of the sucrose
solution?
Line A
The beaker is filled with water and the tube is filled with sucrose. Since the membrane is selectively permeable
to water, what will water do?
Water will enter the glass tube
If the membrane is permeable to both sucrose and water, describe the movement of the molecules in the
experiment above:
Water will move into the glass tube and sucrose with come out into the water.