Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Lecture Notes - 11 Mountain Forming 11.1 Rock Deformation Factors Affecting Deformation temperature, confining pressure, rock type, and time. • Deformation - all ____________ original ___________ and/or size of rock body. Most crustal deformation occurs ______________________________. • Stress = force per unit area (_________________) Show Picture • Strain = change in shape/volume of rock from stress. Show Picture Temperature and Pressure • _____________________ by: _______ deformation and _______ deformation. Brittle deformation ________________once strength is exceeded. Ductile deformation = solid state _______ that produces a ________________________ without fracturing the object. Rock Type Mineral composition and texture affect deformation Time - rock will deform over a long period of time. Types of Stress _____________ stress, ____________ stress, and _____________ stress. Draw Pictures Folds (in sedimentary rock strata) • Anticlines upfolding, or ___________________ • Synclines linear ___________________________ found with anticlines • Monoclines large step-like folds. Faults Normal Faults - ___________ wall block ______________ relative to the footwall block Reverse Faults __________ Faults - hanging wall block ___________ relative to footwall Thrust Faults reverse faults with _____________________________) Strike-Slip Fault - movement is ___________ to the trend, or _____, of the fault surface. Joints - __________________ with no appreciable movement. 11.2 Types of Mountains Folded Mountains classified by processes that __________________. Orogenesis = _____________________________________________ Fault-Block Mountains Large-scale _____________________ fault-block mountains. • blocks of crust are __________________________ • Grabens - __________________________ of fault-bounded blocks. • __________ = elongated, ______________________ of crust bounded by faults. Domes and Basins - __________ or elongated structure (formed by _________ of the underlying ____________________.) Orogenesis refers to those processes that produce what? _______________________ 11.3 Mountain Formation - Mountain Building at Convergent Boundaries Colliding plates ___________ that _________________, and metamorphose thick layers of sediments ______________ at the edges of landmasses. Mountain Building at Convergent Boundaries ____________________ Convergence - produces ___________________________. Ocean-Continental Convergence - __________ mountains and __________________. • An ______________________________ = accumulation of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks (________ some scraps of ______________________). Mountain Building at Divergent Boundaries - along ocean ridges = ______ type mountains. Continental Accretion-process when ________ collide with & stay connected to a_______ Terranes • any crustal fragments that have a geologic history distinct (different) from adjoining fragments that _____ along the Pacific Coast. Principles of _____________________ - Isostatic Adjustment for Mountains • Earth’s _______________________ in gravitational balance upon mantle. • deformed and thickened crust will undergo regional uplift. • Isostatic adjustment = process of establishing a __________________________ DRAW The collision and joining of crustal fragments to a continent is called