Download elements - Mona Shores Blogs

What is matter made of?

Matter is made of molecules, which are
made of atoms of the same or different
elements.
Atoms

are the smallest particle that makes up an element.
Escom.co.za
carbon
Elements



are made up of only one kind of atom.
can’t be broken down into other substances by any
physical or chemical means.
are chemical substances that make up all other
substances.
Molecules



are made up of two or more atoms that are joined
together chemically and act as a single unit
have chemical bonds that hold the atoms together
are so small that models are used to understand
them
Atoms and Molecules





An element’s atoms are like the
letters of the alphabet and
molecules are like words.
Most letters are combined with
other letters to form words.
Most atoms are combined with
other atoms to form molecules.
Some letters can’t be combined
with other letters.
Some atoms can’t be combined
with other atoms.
istockphoto.com
How are atoms like letters and
molecules like words?



Write the letters A E O R S T in your notes.
In two minutes, make as many words as
you can using only these letters.
You can use a letter more than once, but
you can’t use any other letters than the six
listed above.
Answer the following questions in
your notes:



How many words did you make?
Could you put the letters together in any
order to make a word?
In you groups, discuss how letters and
atoms are alike. Be ready to share your
answers.
Atoms, Elements, Molecules and Compounds
Hydrogen Cyanide
Acetylene
Ethane
http://www.eso.org/public/events/astroevt/DeepImpact/images/di-mol.jpg
Ammonia
Compounds


are made of two or more elements that are
chemically combined
can be broken down into simpler substances
http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/chemistry/atoms/pictures/covalent.gif
Compounds have different types of bonds

Covalent: bond
between two or more
nonmetals
Electrons are shared

Examples:





CH4 (methane)
H20 (water)
C12H22O11 (table sugar)
C6H12O6 (glucose)

Ionic: bond between
metals and nonmetals
Electrons are transferred

Examples:


NaCl (salt)
MgO (magnesium oxide)

CaCl2 (calcium chloride)

Covalent Bond: electron sharing
between two non metals
Bohr model of a water
molecule
www.singularvortex.com/pictures/molecule_wate...
Ionic Bond: electron transfer
between a metal and a nonmetal
A formula is a combination of symbols and small
numbers to show what is in a compound.

All compounds are molecules but not
all molecules are compounds.
H2, O2, N2, and Cl2 are molecules because
they are made of only one type of atom.
NO, H2O, NO2, and CO2 are molecules and
compounds because they are made of more
than one type of atom.
Examples of Compounds
Sugar: C12H22O11
Googleimages.com
Compounds have unique properties

By changing just one atom, the properties
change and you have a new substance.
H2O
C2H5OH
C6H5OH
Mixtures


Two or more substances that are in the same
place, but not chemically combined.
Examples:




Trail Mix
Sugar Water
Orange Juice
Sand
Pure Substances





made of only one kind of matter
have definite properties
every sample is always the same, no matter what the form
include elements and compounds
examples:





Sugar: (C12H22O11)
Salt: NaCl
Water: H2O
Iron: Fe
Copper: Cu
Share electrons
Lose or gain electrons
You could start really small...
- Particles of matter
- Atoms
- Elements
- Molecules
- Macromolecules
- Cell organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Systems
- Organisms
- Populations
- Ecosystems
- Biospheres
- Planets
- Planetary Systems with Stars
- Galaxies
- The Universe
….And finish really big.

Atoms Around Us
If you want to have a language, you will need an alphabet. If you want to build proteins, you
will need amino acids. Other examples in chemistry are not any different. If you want to build
molecules, you will need elements. Each element is a little bit different from the rest. Those
elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules.
Why are we talking about elements? This is the section on atoms.
Let's stretch the idea a bit. If you read a book, you will read a language. Letters make up
that language. But what makes those letters possible? Ummm... Ink? Yes! You need ink to
create the letters. And for each letter, it is the same type of ink.
Confused? Don't be. Elements are like those letters. They have something in common. That's
where atoms come in. All elements are made of atoms. While the atoms may have different
weights and organization, they are all built in the same way. Electrons, protons, and neutrons
make the universe go.
If you want to do a little more thinking, start with particles of matter. Matter, the stuff around
us, is used to create atoms. Atoms are used to create the elements. Elements are used to
create molecules. It just goes on. Everything you see is built by using something else.