Download Islam`s Golden Age - East Irondequoit Central School District

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Expanding Zones
I)
Gupta Empire of India (320 CE to 550 CE)
 Section Overview – the Gupta dynasty came to power in India in 320
AD/CE. The strong Gupta gov’t, which gave power to the local leaders,
united much of the Indian subcontinent and insured peace and prosperity.
Hinduism had a very strong impact on the Gupta society and cultural life.
Gupta scientists and mathematicians made important discoveries and
advances.
A) Geographic setting –
1) The Gupta will arise in the North and spread southward
2) Geography will benefit the empire
(a) Mountains will protect the empire from foreign invaders
(b) The ___________________________________Rivers will provide
water and fertile soil
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B) Gupta Gov’t structure
1) A strong, efficient centralized gov’t allowed farming and trade to
prosper, shared some decision making with local elected leaders,
(a) In each village a headman and council made decisions for the village
2) Provided stability which provided peace and prosperity (Golden Age)
3) Role of Women
(a) Early on, were allowed to serve on the councils,
(b) Over time Hindu law placed greater restrictions on women, excluding
them from participation
A) Hinduism and Gupta Society
1) Indian Society and the Caste System
(a) While________________________________________________
_______________________________, by the time of the Gupta, the
Caste system had become firmly entrenched in Indian society.
(i)
(Polytheistic, Caste System, Dharma, Karma)
2) Family life
(a) Patriarchal – ___________________________________________
(b) Children learned the family trade
(c) Arranged marriages – Hindu law required that people marry within
their caste
(d) Women’s lives restricted
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B) Achievements
1) Mathematics
(a) Zero and the decimal system (base 10)
(b) _____________________________________________
2) Medicine
(a) ______________________________________________________
(b) Vaccinated people against small pox 1,000 years before Europeans
3) Architecture
(a) Constructed stupas, large dome shaped shrines.
4) Literature
(a) Use of Sanskrit language allowed for the spread of stories across the
region.
C) End of Gupta Rule
5) After 200 years the Gupta declined due to weak rulers and foreign
invasions which disrupted trade and destroyed villages
II)
Tang (618 -907 CE) and Song (960-1279 CE)
Dynasties in China
A) Tang Founder: General Tang Taizong
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Tang
1) _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2) Japan sends missions to China to conduct trade and study Chinese
culture
3) Corruption, drought and rebellions led to the collapse of the Tang
(a) (An example of the dynastic cycle)
A) Song Founder: Zhoa Kuangyin
B) Chinese Govt
1) Tang rulers revived the _____________________________________
(a) Schools set up to prepare students for the test
(b) A highly educated ruling class emerged (_____________________)
2) Strict social order - dominated by Confucian philosophy
(a) Five Relationships
(b) Three main classes
(i)
The gentry
 Wealthy landowners – they could afford an education for their
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sons
(ii)
Peasants
 The majority of the Chinese fall in this group
 Farmers who worked the land
 Live in small villages
(iii)
Merchants
 _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
(c) Status of Women
(i)
Under the Tang and Song, Women held some authority.
However, boys were still valued over girls
 Within the home, women managed family finances, imposed
discipline and supervise servants
 _________________________________________________
_____________________________ and could never remarry
C) Economic Achievements
1) Land reform
(a) _______________________________________________________
(i)
Rich have less power
(ii)
Poor can now pay taxes, increasing government wealth
D) Trade
1) Chinese merchants trade with India, Persia (modern Iran) and the Middle
East
2) The worlds first paper money is issued
3) ___________________________________ which linked the Huang He
and the Yangtze, improving trade within the nation (from the farms of the
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South to the North)
E) Literature and the Arts
o Calligraphy flourished
o Architects create the _____________________ style temple
o The Chinese become experts at making ______________ - “china”
F) Chinese Influence on Japan
1) Japan learns of Chinese culture through Korea
2) During the Tang Dynasty, a Japanese prince sends nobles to China to
study
600-700s
 Japanese study
Chinese
civilization
 Japanese nobles
adopt Chinese
language, food,
style of dress,
music, dance, and
the Chinese Tea
Ceremony
800s
 Japanese stop
traveling to
China
900-1200s


Japan keeps some
Chinese ways but
build their own
civilization
Japan changes
Chinese System of
writing
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IV) Islamic Civilization
In the years after Muhammad’s death, Islam spread across North Africa,
Asia (India) and Europe (Spain). During the years 700 to 800, Islam experienced a
Golden Age.
A) Islamic Law and its Impact
1) Based on the________________(or _____________________), it acted
as a unifying force for Muslims
2) The _______________________________– regulated moral behavior,
family life business, government and other areas of community life.
B) Divisions within Islam
1) __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(a) Sunni’s – believe that the Caliph should be chosen by Muslims
leaders
(b) Shiites – believe that only the decedents of Muhammad should be his
successor.
C) Social Patterns
1) Social Mobility
(a) Under earlier dynasties, Arabs considered themselves to be superior
to non-Arabs
(b) Over time this ethnocentrism declined and social mobility became
based on religious, scholarly or military achievement
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2) Treatment of Conquered Peoples
(a) Islamic leaders imposed a special tax on non Muslims
(b) ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3) Slavery
(a) As in Greece and Rome, ____________________________________
(b) Slaves were allowed to buy their freedom
(i)
If they converted to Islam, their (unborn) children would be
free
4) Status of Women
(a) Islam teaches the spiritual equality of men and women
(b) Under the protection of the Quran
(i)
Women had inheritance rights
(ii)
Could be educated
(iii)
Had to consent to marriages
(c) As Islam spread, the customs of non-Arabs was adopted and as a
result, restrictions on women increased over time.
Islam’s Golden Age
5) Art
(a) Used beautiful writing (calligraphy) and patterns to decorate
buildings and other works of art
(b) Adapted Byzantine domes and arches in building Mosques
(c) _____________________________________________________
6) Learning
(a) Translate and ____________________________________________
(b) Develop ______________
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(c) Observed the Earth turning and ______________________________
7) Medicine
(a) Required doctors to pass difficult tests
(b) Set up hospitals with emergency rooms
(c) Studied diseases and wrote medical books
8) Mathematics and Sciences
(a) __________________________________________________ before
making their own contributions - Algebra
(b) Astronomy – Muslims astronomers observed the earth’s rotation and
calculated the circumference of the Earth to within a few thousand
feet.
9) Economic Achievements
(a) From 750 to 1350 Muslims had an extensive trade network which in
turn helped spread their beliefs, culture and technology
Christian Europe Enriched by the Islamic Civilization
10)
Muslim Spain
(a) ________________________________________________________
(b) Muslims (______________ ) continued the policy of religions
toleration by hiring Jewish officials, and encouraging Christian
students to study Greek thought
11)
Muslims Sicily
(a) During the Early Middle Ages, Arabs briefly gained controlled Sicily
and other Mediterranean islands
(b) Muslim officials provided effective government, and Arab merchants
and farmers helped the economy grow.
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V)
The Byzantine Empire
Geographic Setting: In the late 200’s CE the Roman Empire is divided in
half. By 330, Constantine had built the new capital of Constantinople on a strait
connecting the Black to the Mediterranean Sea. From this location, Constantinople
dominated the trade routes linking Europe and Asia.
A) Preserving and Spreading Culture
4) Constantinople controlled key trade routes that linked Europe and Asia
5) __________________________________________________________
________________ and helped spread them to other regions of the world
(a) In Russia, a thriving trade network with the Byzantines helped Kiev
become the center of the first Russian state.
B) Achievements of the Byzantine
1) Justinian’s Code
(a) _____________________ (527-565) An ______________________
(a single ruler with complete authority)
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(b) Orders ___________________________________ and legal writings.
(c) By the 1100’s this code had reached Western Europe where it became
the basis for the Roman Catholic Church and medieval rulers
C) Engineering and Architecture
1) _________________________ to rebuild Constantinople under Justinian
2) Best Example: “________________” or Church of the Holy Wisdom
D) Art
1) Icons –______________________________ and other saints that create
a sense that the sacred person is present
2) Mosaics – pictures or designs formed by ___________________
_____________________ showing biblical scenes
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E) The Greek Orthodox Church (AKA Eastern Orthodox Church)
o In ______________________________________________ occurred
over differences in religious philosophy
Issue
Greek Orthodox belief
Highest Church
official
Roman Catholic belief
* Patriarch appointed by
the emperor, __________
_____________________
Language to be used *
* Pope elected by Cardinals,
_______________________
Can priests marry?
*
*
Worship of Icons
*
*
*
F) Preservation of Greco Roman Culture for Europe and the West
1) The Byzantine Empire ________________________________________
2) The Empire was as symbol of the power and glory that was Rome
3) __________________________________________________________
4) The accomplishments of the Roman engineers were preserved and
extended in Byzantine architecture
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G) Impact of the Byzantine on Russia
1) Kiev’s location on the Dneiper River made the city easily accessible to
Byzantine traders
2) The Russian alphabet – _______________________________________
3) Byzantine missionaries_______________________________________
________________, creating the Russian Orthodox Church.
4) The Byzantine tradition of Autocratic rulers was adopted by the Russians
(a) CZAR is the Russian word for Caesar
H) Decline of the Byzantine
1) Constant warfare and the capture of Constantinople by western
Christians during the 4th Crusade (in the early 1200’s) weakened the
empire
2) In ________________________________________________________
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VI) Medieval Europe
The Middle Ages, or Medieval Period, lasted from about 500 to the middle of the
1400s. The collapse of the Roman Empire had left Western Europe without a
unifying Government. In response, political and social systems emerged such a
Feudalism and Manorialism that was based on powerful land holding Lords who
exchanged land for loyalty.
D) Geographic Setting:
1) Resources
(a) Dense forest with ____________________________ for raising crops
(b) _________________________ allows for efficient transportation as
well as access to fertile fishing areas.
(c) Minerals such as __________________________ lay untapped below
the Earth’s surface
E) The Frankish Empire
1) Rise of the Franks – From about 400 to 700 the Germanic people
dominated Europe.
(a) Late 400’s – Clovis converts to Christianity – this benefits both sides
(b) 732 - Charles the Hammer defeats the Muslims at the Battle of
Tours (France), ending the Muslim advance into Europe.
(c) 800’s - Charlemagne works closely with the Pope to spread
Christianity in his empire
(i)
__________________________ with the expectation of loyalty
(ii)
___________________________________, sets up schools
(iii)
When Charlemagne dies in 814, his empire quickly falls apart.
 But his strong style of gov’t becomes ____________________
___________________________
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F) Feudalism and Manorialism - With the fall of the Roman Empire, kings
were too weak to keep out invaders
1) Medieval Society
(a) __________________________________. People are born into their
social positions
2) Feudalism
(a) Feudal responsibilities: a political system in which powerful lords
divide their lands into fiefs, which are given to lesser lords called
vassals. Vassals, in return, pledge loyalty and military support
(b) Knighthood: due to constant warfare, a need for a warrior class
emerged. Knights were professional soldiers that followed a strict
___________________________________________
(c) Role of Women: Noble women played an important part of feudal
society. She was in charge of her husband’s estate while he was away.
However, they had limited inheritance rights.
3) Manorialism
(a) The economic system of the Middle Ages structured around the lord’s
manor. Due to warfare, ________________________________and
each manor became ________________________.
(b) Mutual responsibilities – The peasants and serfs farmed and provided
other services on the noble’s lands. In return the nobles provided the
peasants and serfs with land to farm, as well as protecting them
during times of war.
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IV)
The Catholic Church in Medieval Europe
1) Economic Power
(a) The largest landholder
(b) The Church gained wealth through a ___________ ___________
_____________
(c) The Church often _____________________________________to
local gov’ts
2) Political Power
(a) The church had its own set of laws, Canon Laws, and its own courts
of justice
(b) The Pope frequently came into conflict with local lords and kings
(c) The church’s ultimate weapon: _____________________________
(i)
______________________________ from the catholic Church
3) Social Powers
(a) In monasteries (monks) and convents (nuns), serve as hospitals
(i)
Ancient works were copied and knowledge preserved
 Classic Greek and Roman works
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(b) ____________________________risked their lives ____________
_________________________of Christianity
V)
Cultural Achievements of the
Middle Ages
4) Art - Focused on the glory of God
(religious based)
5) Architecture
(a) ______________________ Style
(i)
Pointed arches, flying
buttresses,
(ii)
Higher, thinner walls
(iii)
Stained glass
Notre Dame Cathedral – Paris, France
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VI)
The Crusades: a series of religious holy wars lasting
between 1095 – 1295
H) Causes
1) During the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks invaded the Byzantine Empire.
2) _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
I) Individual Motivations
3) The Pope (Urban II) believed that the Crusades will increase his power in
Europe
(a) _________________________________, with the Pope at the head
of an even larger Christian Church
4) Christians believed that their _________________________________
_____________________________________in the Crusades
5) Nobles hoped to ___________________ and new lands
6) ___________________________________________if they participated
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I) Impact of the Crusades
1) _________________________________________, they have left a
legacy of religious hatred between Christians and Muslims, as each side
committed acts of violence against each other - as well as the Jews.
2) ________________________________________: During and after the
Crusades, demand for eastern goods increased dramatically. The
economies of both east and west profited from this commerce
3) ________________________________________: Western Europe was
reintroduced to Greek, Roman, Byzantine, as well as Muslim culture.
Europeans were exposed to the advances each culture made in
mathematics, science, literature and art.
4) Changes in the Feudal System
(a) _____________________________________________________
(b) Feudal bonds weakened. No longer does land = power. Now, money
is power.
(c) ______________________________________________________
5) Changes in the Church
(a) ______________________________________________________
(b) Rift (schism) between the eastern and western church deepens
6) Men, women and even children answered the call. Many never returned
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