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American History A Mr. Bekemeyer European Colonization in North America: Spanish, French, Dutch, & British Colonies (Unit I, Segment 1 of 5) How did the first people come to North America??? I. Asian Migration to America A. B. II. Asian peoples migrated from Siberia (Russia) across Bering Strait to Alaska (U.S.) _______________________________ 1. 15,000 - 30,000 years ago 2. hunter-gathers to agriculture (villages) America Before the Europeans A. B. Before Columbus’ discover of America in 1492, North America was dominated ________________________________ 1. __________ (in Central America) & __________ (in South America) created large, powerful empires; a. Destroyed by arrival of Spanish conquistadors 2. __________ North American Indians were hunters & gathers, became mobile hunters after Spanish introduced __________ into North America 3. _________________________________ North American Indians lived in small ______________ communities & were the first contacts with British settlers in Virginia & Massachusetts The Columbian Exchange 1. Arrival of Europeans led to the introduction of new products between North American Indians & Europeans called the Columbian Exchange: a. b. c. North American Indians introduced _________, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts to Europeans Europeans introduced horses, livestock, citrus, & _________________ An estimated _____% of North American Indians died due to European disease III. European Colonies in America: Spain, France, the Netherlands, & Great Britain A. B. The Renaissance and Age of Exploration 1. During the Renaissance, a desire for new _________________ to Asia led to an Age of Exploration: a. Led by Spain & Portugal, explorers found new trade routes, colonies, & people to _______________________ 2. Colonization in North America led to destruction of Native American culture, ________________________ for Europeans, & wealth for these nations Four Key Explorers 1. 2. 3. 4. C. Vasco da Gama "found" India by sailing around Africa Christopher Columbus “discovered” America looking for a westward route to India Ferdinand Magellan led first expedition to circumnavigate globe Samuel Champlain founded Québec after failing to find a NW passage to India Exploration led to permanent European colonies III. The European Colonies in America: Spain, France, the Netherlands, & Britain A. Spanish Colonies in North America 1. Motivations: After Columbus, Spain dominated Central & South America & the SE & SW sections of North America a. b. 2. Spanish conquistadors explored in search of gold & silver Missionaries converted Native Americans to __________ Government: Royal control a. Spanish colonies were funded & controlled by the ______________________ b. Viceroys were sent to the colonies to serve as governors 3. B. Economy: Desire for wealth a. Used Native American & African slave labor to mine ___________ & silver b. Built encomiendas (plantations) to farm ______________ French Colonies in North America 1. Motivations: a. After Champlain’s attempt to find a NW passage through Canada, he founded Québec b. The “________________________________” included Canada, the Mississippi River, & New Orleans c. ___________ converted Native Americans to Catholicism 2. Government: The French colonies were strictly controlled by _________________________________ 3. Economy: Desire for _____________; Most French colonists profited from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering Society: Because the French needed furs, they were the most __________________ with the local Native Americans 4. C. Dutch Colonies in North America 1. Motivations: Dutch established _________________ as trade center 2. Political, Economic, Social: a. To attract settlers, the government allowed ____________ to immigrate b. As a result, New Amsterdam was one of the most ______ colonies in North America D. British Colonies in North America 1. Motivations: Many different reasons a. b. c. d. Economic: Escape poverty or gain _______________ from cash crop farming Religious: For religious _________________ & to escape religious persecution Political: Fear during the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution As a result, the British colonies were very ____________ from each other & were never very __________________ 2. Government: a. The colonies differed from French & Spanish because the British government had no desire to create a ___________ in America b. Britain developed a policy called ____________________ in which the colonists could create local laws & taxes in their colonial __________________________ c. Royal governors were sent by the king, but they had little __________ 3. Economy & Society: The societies & economies of the British colonies were dependent upon the reasons people settled: a. b. Southern colonies, like _________________, had cash crop economies, large _________ between rich & poor farmers, & slave labor New England colonies, like ___________________, were closely connected by ________________ & families, mostly subsistence farmers c. Unlike the Spanish & French, the British colonists never made sweeping attempts to convert, marry, or trade with local Native Americans, although ___________ over land were common Closure Activity 1. (D) (B) Religious freedom 2. ________________________ 3. ________________________ 4. ________________________ 5. ________________________ 6. ________________________ 7. ________________________ 8. ________________________