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COLONIAL ERA
The English Beginnings in North America—1606 to 1650
1.
Read carefully the following assessments of pre-colonial English Settlement. Identify
which statement is false?
A)
The concept of liberty and free agency was born in the Renaissance as a matter
of artistic creation and literary agency to express one’s ideas freely
B)
The concept of liberty, agency, and religious freedom were born during the
Reformation
C)
The ideas of civil liberty, religious freedom, and individual choice came into
adulthood during the Enlightenment
D)
The nineteenth century provided the right to leave and establish rights, liberties,
and freedom according to the will of the individual.
E)
The 20th century has not had to defend or protect the fundamental rights of
colonial liberty and agency
2.
English dissenters were voluntarily allowed to exit the British Empire in order to worship
God according to the dictates of their consciences. Which of the following groups does
the generalization not prove correct?
A)
Quakers
B)
Africans
C)
Separatists
D)
Anglicans
E)
Puritans
3.
Religion was a powerful motivating force in the settlement of the United States. Which of
the major European faiths were the most dynamic, the widest in terms of settlement, and
the one which came the earliest and remained the longest a major political and religious
force in American political, moral, and civil liberty?
A)
Anglicans
B)
Lutherans
C)
Calvinists
D)
Catholics
E)
Anabaptists
4.
Leadership is the key element in the success of religions in becoming colonizers. Which
of the following paired leaders and religions is INCORRECTLY identified below?
A)
Massachusetts Bay Puritans // John Winthrop
B)
English Roman Catholics // Lord Cecil Calvert
C)
Pennsylvania Dutch // William Penn
D)
Connecticut Congregationalists // Thomas Hooker
E)
Virginia Anglicans // James Blair
5.
Which of the following institutions used by Spain t colonize the New World?
A)
Establishing crown princes in the new world
B)
Successfully achieving the loyalty of Native American leaders
C)
Altering the economy of the New World to one of socialism
D)
Using missions, presidios, and pueblos to govern in the New World
E)
Using the principles of feudalism to control and dominate the Native Americans
The Colonial Era
1500-1736
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully, fully and analytically. Then choose ONE response
to mark as your answer.
1.
The primary reason for the early struggles that confronted the Jamestown colony was the
A. tyrannical rule of John Smith
B. hostility of nearby Indians
C. fact that colonizers were ill-equipped for survival
D. nomadic tribes had virtually wiped out the supply of fame in the area.
E. inter-tribal warfare going on like in Mexico
2.
The Iroquois were Indians that
A. generally allied themselves with Britain against the French
B. they were members of the Algonquin family of Indians
C. they were nomadic Indians of the high plains
D. they were peaceful agricultural partners of the Cherokees
E. they were vicious head hunters of woodlands
3.
Family life in the early Chesapeake Bay area differed from family life in England in that the
colonies...
A. women were freed from all male control and domination
B. families were more closely knit and remained together longer
C. husbands and fathers had greater control over their wives and children
D. children assumed more independence at an earlier age
E. the impact of social norms was greater
4.
Within a half century of their exodus from Europe, the Spanish had opened the New World and
had, as a result of the national policy,
A. virtually exterminated the Indians
B. were being serious challenged for the New World dominance by the English
C. had created the richest and most extensive European empire since the days of Rome.
D. were being seriously challenged for New World dominance by the French
E. rapidly pushing through western North America on their way to Alaska
5.
The joint-stock company
A. was not required to seek royal permission to colonize in the New World
B. held forth promise of immense wealth to investors
C. proved inadequate as a vehicle for properly financing colonization ventures
D. required investors to commit large amounts of capital.
E. was a development of Swiss bankers trying aid the British economy
6.
Women in the Chesapeake Bay were
A. much better off than English counterparts
B. were all married at extreme young ages because of high sex ratios
C. used the high sex ration as a means to prevent premarital sexual relations
D. usually married while they were still indenture servants
E. not, despite a high sex ratio, usually any better off than their English patriot sisters.
7.
Europeans who migrated to the Chesapeake as indentured servants were normally
A. older married men with families
B. males from 18 to 24 who were single
C. English farmers hoping to find a better future in the colonies
D. the dregs of English society
8.
Which European power was successful in the settling of New York
A. Spain
B. Italy
C. France
D. England
E. Holland
9.
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Virginia and Maryland?
A. Both were dependent upon tobacco
B. Both utilized the headlight system
C. Both relied heavily on indentured servants
D. Both extended legal freedom of religion to all Christians
E. Both economically affect by the Atlantic sea trade
10.
Freeman status was granted to adult males who
A. were church members
B. were no longer indentured servants
C. owned land
D. agreed to abide by the legal code of the colony
E. Blacks that were release from their slavery contract under the law of manumission
11.
John Winthrop’s ideal Puritan commonwealth was called “A City Upon A Hill” that claimed that
A. the separation of Church and State was necessary for survival
B. religious freedom for all citizens and residence would be practiced
C. the good of the whole would be placed above one’s private concerns
D. religious tolerance would be extended to all Christians but not to others
E. Jews could worship according to the dictates of their consciences
12.
Anne Hutchinson was formally charged with having
A. violated traditional Puritan sex codes of conduct
B. libeled the colony’s ministers
C. emphasized the covenant of grace
D. presumed to have the right to discuss the sermons of John Cotton
E. claimed to have received divine revelation directly from God
13.
New England Puritans are known for their introduction of written contractual government by all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. The Mayflower Compact
B. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
C. The Rhode Island Charter
D. The Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges
E. Development of town charters for the town councils and the citizens.
14.
Among the most ardent and zealous promoters of English colonization was
A. John Rolfe
B. John White
C. John Smith
D. Richard Hakluyt
E. Martin Frobisher
15.
All of the following fundamental ideas were preached by Martin Luther during the Reformation
EXCEPT:
A. the infallibility of the Pope
B. the popular right to rebel against unjust authority
C. the priesthood of all believers
D. the justification by faith alone
E. the evil of the sale of indulgences for the forgiveness of sin
16.
A major turning point for women in the history of the western world occurred when
which of the following English Monarchs took over the empire.
A. Queen Victoria
B. Queen Elizabeth II
C. Queen Elisabeth I
D. Mary Queen of Scots
E. Catherine of Aragon became the Queen
17.
Which of the following institutions were not used in the settlement and colonization of North
America from 1620-1740?
A. Encomienda system
B. Patroon system
C. Mission system
D. Cour de Bois
E. Joint stock company
18.
The colonies of Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Maryland had which of the following
characteristics in common?
A. They were founded by Quakers
B. They were settled primarily by non-Englishmen
C. They were settled by emigrants from other colonies
D. They were founded as refuges from religious persecution in England
E. They were strongly opposed to the institution of slavery
19.
The major and primary objective of 17th century mercantilism was to:
A. promote and build national self-sufficiency with a favorable balance of trade
B. develop industrialism in America
C. promote laissez-faire free trade policies for English merchants
D. encourage early textile industry in Europe
E. help England gain control of the Atlantic seas lanes to the New World
20.
Women in the 17th century Chesapeake:
A. were very close to slave status under the rule of Sir Edward Coke, England’s chief of Star
Chamber
B. generally worked alongside men and slaves in the tobacco fields
C. outlived men because of natural immunities derived from sex hormones
outnumber men
D. were significantly more prolific in child-bearing because of temperate climate
E. had a good chance to improve their social and economic status by marriage
21.
Geographic sectionalism in the American colonies affected all of the following EXCEPT:
A. cultural differences
B. social status of residents
C. political institutions and diplomacy of Spain
D. economic developments
E. intellectual ideas of government
22.
Principal institutions used by the Spanish to gain control of colonial society in the New World
included all EXCEPT:
A. the presidio
B. the hacienda
C. the control of indulgences
D. the vaquero
E. the mission
23.
Major political developments in the establishment effective government in America came with the…
A. the House of Burgess
B. the Puritan oligarchy in Massachusetts
C. the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
D. the Massachusetts General Court
E. the county
24.
The French shifted from Port Royal to Quebec because:
A. they intermarried with Indian women
B. they had given up on their search for a northwest passage
C. they became more interested in farming than fishing
D. the St. Lawrence Valley offered better access to the interior
E. the St. Lawrence Valley was easier to defend
25.
The European Jesuits (French) gradually enjoyed success with the Indians because:
A. they intermarried with them
B. they accepted and even appreciate the Indian cultures, especially the Algonkin
C. they displayed considerable prowess, bravery, and valor in the wilderness
D. they confined their missionary work to established missions
E. they were eager abandon their French culture and politics and become democrats like the
Indians.
26.
The Puritan proposals for reforming the Anglican Church included all EXCEPT:
A. purifying the English church of Catholic “corruption’s”
B. eliminating elaborate hierarchy and ritualistic pageantry
C. effecting a complete separation of church and state
D. improving the education of the clergy
E. forming an oligarchy to govern and rule the colony
27.
There has been a claimed that “history is geography in motion” Massachusetts Bay claimed:
A. Maine and New Hampshire
B. Connecticut and Rhode Island
C. Maine and Vermont
D. Vermont and New Hampshire
E. Connecticut and New York
28.
The basic unit of local government in the English colonies---but especially in Pennsylvania---was:
A. the county
B. the town or village
C. the General Court
D. the Quaker meeting
E. the mission
29.
Seventeenth century New York was known for its:
A. high crime rate
B. stable political order
C. ethnic and religious diversity
D. cordial relations with the Iroquois Indians
E. largely unbalanced ratio of men to women by about 12-1
30.
The Quakers came from England with all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:
A. that the land of America belonged to the Indians
B. that all men and women shared equality “within the light”
C. that an official clergy and sacraments were totally unnecessary for faith and salvation
D. that swearing oaths and making war was against Divine Law
E. that there should be rigid separation and segregation of men and women in public meetings
31.
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were caused by:
A. Land quarrels
B. Bad blood
C. Fanaticism
D. Puritan doctrine
E. Gender discrimination
32.
One of the de jury reasons the Salem Witchcraft hysteria suddenly ended in 1692 was that:
A. the original accusers had become accused of being witches too including the governor
B. it became clear that some were attempting to use the hysteria for their political gains
C. the royal governor proclaimed it a crime to make unsubstantiated accusations of witchcraft
D. the implementation of a new royal charter ended a time of political uncertainty and stress
E. because of a decree in England banning all witchcraft in Europe and America
33.
Puritans most strongly opposed:
A. alcohol
B. tobacco
C. religious nonconformity
D. Protestantism
E. refraining from sex
34.
The greatest concentration of German immigrants came to ....
A. New Jersey with the Swedes
B. New York with the Dutch
C. Virginia with the English
D. Quebec with the French
E. Pennsylvania with the Quakers
35.
The colonial headright system:
A. was used in all of the colonies from Massachusetts to Georgia
B. gave land to slaves and indentured servants
C. parceled out land to each person who came to the colony
D. parceled out land to those who helped settle and establish towns
E. gave land to only those who were “freemen”
36.
Among Puritans their life long goal was to behave and the sign that they were:
A. among the saved “elect”
B. among non-elect
C. those with a healthy body
D. who were the most intelligent
E. who were the most wealthy
37.
The great Swiss theologian John Calvin contributed which of the following to the Puritans:
A. antinomianism
B. predestination
C. antidisestablishmentarianism
D. corpus delecti
E. papal infallibility
38.
The Mayflower Compact and its doctrine of majority rule was adopted by:
A. Puritans
B. Quakers
C. Virginians
D. New Yorkers
E. Pilgrim separatist
39.
In the Iroquois Indian nation, the older women:
A. controlled the finances of the tribe
B. had the power to either start or stop wars
C. were the religious leaders of their communities
D. were painlessly put to death when they became senile
E. train the young male warriors in military ethics
40.
Which of the following colonial industries was prohibited by England’s Parliament?
A. textile manufacturing
B. ship building
C. iron-making
D. had manufacturing
E. manufacture of glass & paint
41.
William Penn’s Frame of Government in (1682) provided substantial power to:
A. women voters
B. the native Americans
C. the governor appointed by the Crown
D. the colony’s legislature
E. the colonial court
42.
Anne Hutchinson, a separatist and antinomian, believed most in which of the following?
A. the laws of the Puritan oligarchy
B. practice of universal suffrage of all people
C. the spirit as opposed to the man’s laws
D. example of Roger Williams
E. example of John Winthrop
43.
The punishment metted out to most of those put to death in the Salem Witch Trials was:
A. crushed by stones
B. burned at the stake
C. beheaded
D. hanged
44.
The primary purpose of the famous Navigation Acts of 1660’s was to:
A. stimulate trade
B. encourage the colonials to conduct with other countries other than England
C. regulate trade within the empire
D. forbade colonial to engage in England’s monopoly of munitions trade
E. regulate the amount of cotton to be exported to Europe
45.
The theory that nations should increase their wealth, as measured in gold and silver, will insure
they will sell more than import is known as...
A. imperialism
B. laissez-faire
C. democracy
D. monetarism
E. mercantilism
46.
Which of the following major historical figures of the Colonial period is mis-matched with his/her
achievement:?
A. Benjamin Franklin - Inventor & printer
B. Anne Bradstreet - musician and composer
C. Samuel Sewell - New England diarist
D. John Peter Zenger - Freedom of the Press
E. Roger Williams - Separation of Church & State
47.
Which combination of immigrants provided the greatest number of immigrants to America:
A. Africans, Scots-Irish, Germans
B. Africans, Germans, French Huguenots
C. Scots-Irish, Swill, Italians
D. Germans, French Huguenots, & Italians
E. Italians, Dutch, & Portuguese
48.
The Stono Rebellion was:
A. a slave uprising in New York
B. a slave uprising in Georgia
C. a slave uprising in South Carolina
D. a slave uprising in Virginia
E. a slave uprising in Pennsylvania
49.
Which of the following was a non-violent event in Colonial America:
A. Leisler’s Rebellion
B. Shay’s Rebellion
C. Bacon’s Rebellion
D. Salem Witch Trials
E. Great Awakening
50.
Colonial governments feature all of the following EXCEPT:
A. a governor
B. a unicameral legislature
C. an independent Supreme Court
D. a unified national executive
E. the development of both city and county government
51.
Sir Edmund Andros was the leader of:
A. Dutch Patroon system
B. Dominion of New England
C. the Pennsylvania Dutch
D. colonial Supreme Court
E. the unified Carolinas before the Great Awakening
52.
Colonial leaders that made a major impact upon colonial society included all EXCEPT:
A. John Winthrop
B. Roger Williams
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. John Peter Zenger
E. Benjamin Franklin
53.
Leaders of the Enlightenment in America included all EXCEPT:
A. John Peter Zenger
B. George Whitefield
C. Jonathan Edwards
D. Benjamin Franklin
E. Anne Hutchinson
54.
The native peoples of New England were affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. They had little in common with White Europeans
B. They were alienated by Puritan messianic attempts at conversion
C. They suffered from the ravages of disease more than whites
D. The clashed with the settlers in periodic conflicts that threaten white survival
E. They were completely befriended by the White immigrants.
55.
In what manner did New Netherlands become New York?
A. It was traded by Sweden to France
B. It was abandoned by the Dutch, then England colonized it
C. It was geographically adjacent to Spanish territory
D. It was conquered as part of a larger European struggle
E. It was the result of the Zenger trial
56.
William Penn sought to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A. displace the savage Indians
B. provide a refuge ro Quakers from England
C. establish a model society based upon reform
D. generated rental revenue for himself
E. purchase land from the Indians
57.
Pennsylvania quickly prospered for all the following EXCEPT:
A. Penn’s planning and publicity efforts
B. Penn’s honest dealing with Indians
C. Pennsylvania’s favorable soil and climate
D. Penn’s liberality toward religious freedom
E. Parliament’s generated subsidy
58.
A rebellion that occurred in New York which fostered years of political strife was:
A. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
B. Stono Rebellion
C. Leisler’s Rebellion
D. Bacon’s Rebellion
E. Regulator Movement
59.
Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Spanish in the New World?
A. To seek for gold
B. To convert the Native Americans to Christianity
C. To establish presidios, missions, and pueblos
D. To reduce the Native American population
E. To seek for glory and adventure
60.
When the Europeans discovered the New World, the Native Americans they found:
A. lacked any form of religion
B. were as varied as the peoples of Europe
C. were mostly farmers
D. mostly lived in northeastern US
E. were violent, indolent, and uncultured savages
61.
All of the following helped bring about the voyages of discovery after 1450 EXCEPT:
A. the rise of nation states
B. the Renaissance
C. the Norse navigators
D. the Reformation
E. the Commercial Revolution
62.
The main goal of early French and English explorers was to:
A. develop large colonies in the New World
B. seize Native Americans for slaves
C. conquer all Native American tribes
D. Christianize the Native Americans
E. find a northwest passage to India
63.
The rise of kings was a major factor in the development of exploration because it:
A. centralized the power and stimulated trade
B. reduced the conflicting national claims over newly discovered land
C. reduced conflicts between European nations
D. helped to eliminate Papal claims to the New World
E. helped to develop world wide imperialism
64.
Which of the following did the Europeans bring to New World:
A. gold
B. tobacco
C. horses
D. dogs
E. potatoes, squash, and beans
65.
An unexpected result of the Treaty of Tordesillas was:
A. the loss of all Portuguese claims to the New World
B. a delay in Spanish exploration
C. division of English territory from that of France
D. unequal cultural division of South America
E. the planting of French culture in Brazil
66.
Which of the following is mis-matched?
A. Estaban - Negro slave and survivor of exploration
B. Cortez - conquerors of Mexico
C. Pizzaro - conqueror of the Mayans
D. Balboa - discovered the isthmus of Panama
E. Magellan - circumnavigated the globe
67.
Which Spanish explorer discover the Grand Canyon?
A. Cortez
B. Father Kino
C. Father Serra
D. Coronado
E. Vespucci
68.
The Native Americans probably came from:
A. Europe
B. Asia
C. Middle East
D. Africa
E. Australia
69.
Both the Pilgrims and the Puritans
A. had charters to settle Massachusetts
B. practiced self-government
C. believed in religious toleration in the colonies
D. showed favoritism toward the Church of England
E. off-shoots of Lutheranism
70.
The first elected legislative assembly in America was the:
A. House of Representatives
B. London Company
C. Massachusetts General Court
D. Parliament
E. House of Burgess
71.
In which of the following ways or policies were the British and the Spanish most similar?
A. Religious freedom
B. Inter-racial marriage with Native Americans
C. Mercantile policy
D. Democratic beliefs
E. Use of jury trials
72.
A religious dissenter would have been least tolerated in:
A. Rhode Island
B. Maryland
C. New Netherlands
D. New Sweden
E. Massachusetts Bay
73.
Which European nation established the first permanent settlement in Quebec?
A. The French
B. The English
C. The Spanish
D. The Dutch
E. The Germans
74.
The colony was best known as a haven for religious freedom and the safest place for Jews to settle
and congregate?
A. New York
B. Virginia
C. Rhode Island
D. Pennsylvania
E. Carolinas
75.
In order to help raise capital for American colony, Sir Walter Raleigh:
A. exported tobacco to Europe
B. formed a joint stock company
C. used Native Americans as slave labor
D. turned to the Spanish monarchy for help
E. formed the modern corporation
76.
The year 1619 is important because of the introduction of:
A. martial law
B. the end of martial law
C. beginning of the House of Burgesses
D. passage of Maryland Toleration Act
E. introduction of Black slavery
77.
The joint stock company was the forerunner of the:
A. House of Representatives
B. Senate
C. corporation
D. family farm
E. plantation
78.
A person who signs an agreement to work in exchange for passage or payment of debt is a(n):
A. indentured servant
B. slave
C. redemptioner
D. pioneer
E. mestizo
79.
Which of the American colonial sections was most closely akin to those of England:
A. New England
B. Southern Colonies
C. Middle Colonies
D. Massachusetts Bay Colony
E. New York & New Jersey
80.
Predestination was an important tenet of early:
A. Quakers
B. Anglicans
C. Puritans
D. Native Americans
E. Catholics
81.
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 dealt with all except:
A. hanging of women
B. poverty of families
C. fanaticism
D. superstition
E. The Inquisition
The primary objective of mercantilism was:
A. to promote free trade policies
B. to develop industries in the Americas
C. to build national self-sufficiency through favorable balance of trade
D. to encourage the early textile industry in Europe
E. to develop good ports, harbors, and trading docks
82.
83.
Africa exported _____________as part of the triangular trade system:
A. slaves
B. rum
C. tobacco
D. woolen clothes
E. gold, diamonds, and silver
84.
Colonial colleges and universities were founded to study:
A. science
B. humanities
C. religion
D. medicine
E. business
85.
Who was the individual who challenged the King and Governor over the issue of freedom of the
press?
A. Paul Revere
B. Ben Franklin
C. John Winthrop
D. John Peter Zenger
E. Roger Williams
86.
A major difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans was:
A. the way in which they earned their living
B. the general areas in which they settled
C. the issue of reforming the Church of England or separating from it
D. the degree to which they practiced self-government
E. the attitudes they held toward the Native Americans
87.
Women in Seventeenth Century Chesapeake:
A. outnumbered men
B. generally worked alongside men in the tobacco fields
C. outlived the men
D. had a good chance of improving their status by marriage
E. were free and equal with men
88.
Ben Franklin’s attempt to unify the colonies was known as:
A. New England Confederation
B. Peace of Paris
C. Albany Plan of Union
D. Navigation Acts
E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
89.
The rise of nation-states was significant factor in the development of exploration because it:
A. centralized power and stimulated trade
B. diminished economic opportunity
C. reduced the conflicting national claims over newly discovered lands
D. reduced the sectional conflict between European nations
E. helped eliminate Papal claims to the New World
90.
The royal governor of the Dominion of New England was:
A. Jacob Leisler
B. Thomas Hutchinson
C. Duke of York
D. Sir Edmund Andros
E. Roger Williams
91.
Jesuits gradually enjoyed some success in converting the Indians because...
A. they intermarried with Indian women
B. they accepted and even appreciated much of Indian culture
C. they displayed considerable prowess in the wilderness
D. they were confined to the mission system
E. they were reclusive monks whose life style the Indians
92.
The fundamental causes of Bacon’s Rebellion included ALL EXCEPT:
A. white settlers fears of Indian attacks
B. diminished economic opportunity
C. popular opposition to the restoration of the monarchy
D. a contest for power within the Virginia elite
E. political rights for freed servants
93.
The English colonies faced all of the following problems EXCEPT:
A. labor shortages
B. high infant mortality rates
C. crowded conditions for living
D. communication problems with the mother country
E. Indian conflicts
94.
Massachusetts Bay produced two spin-off colonies:_____________ which wished to reproduce
Puritan culture, and ______________, which rejected it.
A. Connecticut and Rhode Island
B. Rhode Island and New Jersey
C. New Jersey and New York
D. New York and Virginia
E. Virginia and Pennsylvania
95.
Quakers were most unlike the Puritans in their:
A. commercial success with their American colony
B. opposition to the encumbrances of church ritual
C. having suffered persecution in England
D. advocacy of absolute freedom of conscience
E. peaceful relations with the Indians
96.
Those among the “elect” who, as Puritan church members, ruled Massachusetts Bay Colony,
justified their rule by invoking the:
A. doctrine of “grace.”
B. doctrine of the “covenant”
C. concept of predestination.
D. doctrine of good “works”
E. doctrine of transubstantiation
97.
Institutions of higher learning were eventually established in all the following colonies EXCEPT:
A. Virginia
B. North Carolina
C. New Hampshire
D. New Jersey
E. Pennsylvania
98.
Slaves endured the worst conditions in eighteenth-century:
A. Maryland
B. Virginia
C. North Carolina
D. South Carolina
E. Kentucky
99.
A Puritan who had been baptized by who could not receive communion or vote on church matters
probably joined the church under the terms dictate by:
A. colonial governor
B. legislature
C. Halfway Covenant
D. the Saybrook Platform
E. his own personal “calling”
100.
Benjamin Franklin pursued all of the following EXCEPT:
A. inventor
B. businessman
C. professional writer
D. educator
E. diplomatic statesman
OBJECTIVE TEST ANSWER KEY
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91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
E
C
A
B
C
E
C
A
C
D
C
D
C
A
D
B
C
C
A
E
B
B
D
C
D
1606-1650
1E
2B
3D
4C
5D
Dear Colleagues:
I wrote the test for you on the Presidential time periods and sent it out. Well, I was thinking about
the colonial era and talking to my daughter who is Vice Principal of Curriculum, and a history
major herself, and she just scolded me for leaving out the foundations of American government,
Character, economy, and rights of civil liberty. I started to write a test for you. I got five questions
done, and then I thought to look back at my own old Colonial Midterm exam. As I read through it,
I realized that I would just be redoing work already done and that is foolish to do. But there is a
hitch, there is a big gap between the end of this exam, and the beginning of the Washington
Administration where the other starts. I presume that you can fill in a few good questions of your
own for the students. But here is what lies in my computer memory, and for what it is worth, I
share it with you. My daughter feels better now that she has shamed me into “covering the whole
American Experience!” It was my privilege to teach her in AP some twenty years ago. Now she
is quoting me to my face saying, “I remember my AP teacher telling me that the colonial era was
1/3 of the total American Experience. Well, so be it. Here is the colonial period for you. Now
maybe she will stop the verbal and intellectual caning of me.
Review Exam for Students by
Presidential Administrations.
Comments and Directions: This type of review is interesting but excludes a
major part of the early and formative period in American History. Naturally, the
colonial era is included on the AP Exam and so a review of that 170 year period
(1620-1790) needs to take place by the students in addition to this review. One
might call this period of review, “The Constitutional Era of Review” since it
dates from the implementation of the American Constitution.
George Washington:
1.
Everything President Washington did set a precedent for later American
Presidents. Which area of presidential precedent have historians
determined to be his most significant precedent?
A)
Providing for civilian control of the military
B)
Nominations to the Supreme Court
C)
Exert effective control over organization of Congress
D)
Establishment of the presidential cabinet
E)
Establish the existence and function of political parties
2.
Which of the following presidential advisers to Washington is mismatched with the function he performed in the Washington
Administration?
A)
Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State
B)
Alexander Hamilton as Treasury Secretary
C)
Henry Knox as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
D)
Benjamin Franklin as Postmaster General
E)
John Adams as Vice President
3.
What major crop would radically affect the economy of the nation forever
after it was introduced during the Washington Administration in 1792?
A)
Soybeans
B)
Wheat
C)
Sugar
D)
Tobacco
E)
Cotton
4.
Alexander Hamilton became the financial wizard of the Washington
Administration by recommending several economic moves. Among these
was a bill of assumption to be paid by 8% tariff and…
A)
Raising the prices on western land sales
B)
Excise tax on whiskey production
C)
Income tax on the very wealthy
D)
Head tax on slaves sold at auction
E)
Selling surplus military equipment from the Revolution
5.
In Washington’s “Farewell Address to the Nation” he pointed warned
against the…
A)
Establishment of permanent alliances with foreign nations.
B)
Evils of society which provided for permanent slavery
C)
Right to vote for women and women and minorities
D)
Evils of revolution
E)
Establishment of sectionalism over national unity.
John Adams:
6.
John Adams played a major role in ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS
EXCEPT:
A)
Delegate to the Declaration of Independence
B)
Serving as cabinet member to George Washington
C)
Leader of the Constitutional Convention
D)
Vice President of the U.S.
E)
Signed the Alien & Seditions Acts into law during his
administration
7.
Which of the following treaties was the one in which the resolution of the
Revolution of 1800 was made under the leadership of John Adams?
A)
Treaty of Joinville
B)
Treaty of Boudreaux
C)
Treaty of Reims
D)
Treaty of Mortefontaine
E)
Treaty of Paris 1803
8.
John Adams held a firm, consistent, and almost blind proclivity for
which of the following nations of Europe?
A)
Great Britain
B)
Spain
C)
France
D)
Italy
E)
Germany
9.
Which of the following exclamations did John Adams give voice when he
heard about the XYZ Affair?
A)
“We will not be held with hoops of steel to the anarchy of the
French!”
B)
“These are times that try men’s souls!”
C)
“Caesar had his Brutus, and Napoleon may have his Robespierre!”
D)
“I regret that I have but one life to give for my country!”
E)
“We will spend millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
10.
The two issues that faced John Adams during his Presidential
Administration were the Alien & Sedition Acts and…
A)
French Revolution
B)
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
C)
Assassination of Alexander Hamilton
D)
Establishment of the Whiskey Tax
E)
The Embargo Act
Thomas Jefferson:
11.
Thomas Jefferson’s vision of the good society included ALL OF THE
FOLLOWING EXECPT:
A)
An agrarian society
B)
A citizenry of virtuous independent farmers
C)
A national government with limited powers
D)
An economy that relied on the national government to provide
subsidies
E)
A society based upon education, agriculture, and politics.
12.
The issue upon which Jefferson changed his view of strict construction of
the Constitution was:
A)
The Lewis and Clark Expedition and Louisiana Purchase
B)
The issues involving slavery in 1808
C)
The conflicts of opinions he had with Chief Justice John Marshall
D)
The destruction of the national bank by Albert Gallatin
E)
The writing of the Declaration of Independence
13.
According to Thomas Jefferson, which of the following was most vital to
the security of the United States in 1803?
A)
Cuba
B)
Nova Scotia
C)
New Orleans
D)
Florida
E)
Columbia River
14.
In his first inaugural address Jefferson was pledged to the task of
A)
Strengthening the military
B)
Jailing all subversives of the government of the U.S.
C)
Repudiating the debt of the United States
D)
Reconciling political differences with the Federalists
E)
Sponsoring the Lewis and Clark Expedition
15.
The unforeseen relocation of power within the Federal Government came
as the result of…
A)
Fletcher v. Peck
B)
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
C)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
D)
Gibbons v. Ogden
E)
Marbury v. Madison
James Madison:
16.
In which of the following events does James Madison, NOT play a major
and determinative role?
A)
Participant in the Presidents cabinet
B)
A Justice of the Supreme Court
C)
Architect of the Constitution of 1787
D)
A major leader of Congress until the Revolution of 1800
E)
An author of the Federalist Papers
17.
A rising new young and dynamic group of men elected to Congress while
Madison was the President included ALL EXCEPT:
A)
Daniel Webster
B)
Henry Clay
C)
Andrew Jackson
D)
John C. Calhoun
E)
Felix Grundy
18.
which of the following was NOT a unique long range cause of the War of
1812?
A)
Rise of slavery
B)
Imperialism
C)
Indian relations on the frontier
D)
Impressment
E)
Anti-Spanish ethnicity
19.
What diplomatic conference ended the War of 1812 and thus achieved
American nationalism from Britain, once and for all.
A)
Treaty of Joinville
B)
Treaty of Ghent
C)
Treaty of San Idelfonso
D)
Treaty of Paris 1815
E)
Treaty of Chapultepec
20.
Which of the following events expressed dissatisfaction with the War of
1812, and can be called the first American anti-war movement?
A)
Treaty of Greenville
B)
Treaty of Paris – 1815
C)
Hartford Convention
D)
Seneca Falls Convention
E)
Port Huron Statement
James Monroe:
21.
Which of the following events or developments happen while James
Monroe was President, but, which he had very little to with their
development? Which is the lone EXCEPTION to this assertion?
A)
McCulloch v. Maryland
B)
Development of the American System
C)
Missouri Compromise
D)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
E)
Recognition of Latin American Independence movements
22.
The Monroe Doctrine was issued in response to
A)
the threat of war with England
B)
the threat of war with Austria
C)
the purchase of Florida
D)
the invention of the cotton gin
E)
the threat of the Quadruple Alliance to reestablish Spanish Power
in the Americas
23.
The Monroe Doctrine, which has been the foundation of American foreign
policy, was brilliant bold step taken by which of the following secretaries
of state?
A)
Thomas Jefferson
B)
James Madison
C)
James Monroe
D)
John Quincy Adams
E)
Henry Clay
24.
The Monroe Administration was called “The Era of Good Feelings”
because of
A)
The absence of sectionalism
B)
The dominance of one major party
C)
The absence of political strife
D)
The lack of important national issues
E)
The disappearance of slavery on the national scene
25.
Thomas Jefferson, commenting on the Missouri Compromise under
James Monroe called it:
A)
The compromise to save the union
B)
A compact with the devil
C)
A fire-bell in the night
D)
Abolitionist propaganda
E)
An end to slave rebellions
John Quincy Adams:
26.
John
EXCEPT:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Quincy Adams had the distinction of being ALL of the following
The second one term President
The son of a former President
The first post—Revolutionary President
The first President to serve without an outright election of the
people or House of Representatives
The first pro-western politician on the national scene
27.
Which of the following is true of the John Q. Adams Administration?
A)
Adams cabinet was one of the most able and harmonious on
record
B)
The nationalistic goals were to provide—education,
industrialization, & transportation
C)
Adams was able to win over with personality that he could not
control politically
D)
Except of the “Corrupt Bargain” the Adams Administration was
absent of strife
E)
Adams refused to use the spoils systems and dismiss public
workers to fill their jobs with political supporters.
28.
It has been claimed that John Q. Adams:
A)
did his finest work for the American before and after he was
President
B)
was a week spineless politician prone to making political deals for
the federalists.
C)
fired John Marshall from the Supreme Court & appointed Roger
Taney.
D)
nationalist more than he was an internationalist.
E)
political conformist rather than a creative and idealistic diplomat.
29.
Which of the following historical issues did NOT occur under John Q.
Adams?
A)
Canal building begins spurred into reality by Henry Clay
B)
South Carolina Exposition & Protest was written by Calhoun
C)
Cherokee Nation vs Georgia was rendered under John Marshall
D)
James Fennimore Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans was published
E)
Joseph Smith establishes the Mormon religion in Kirtland, Ohio
30.
John Quincy Adams was President who dealt with revolutions of ALL but
which of the following?
A)
transportation revolution
B)
gender revolutionary issues
C)
social & religious revolutions
D)
diplomatic revolutions
E)
market revolution
Andrew Jackson
31.
Jackson was the forerunner of which late nineteenth century movement?
A)
Social Darwinism
B)
Imperialism
C)
Populism
D)
Industrialism
E)
Pragmatism
32.
During the Age of Jackson, democracy was characterized by which of the
following changes?
A)
Politicians emphasized a high education or strong qualification for
the job and boasted of their upper class status or wealth.
B)
The percentage of eligible voters casting ballots increased with
each election as mass
mass politics became a popular activity.
C)
Parties relied primarily upon mass communication tools,
especially the newspaper and pamphlets.
D)
Party bosses tried to clean up their acts; ridding the party of
corruption, kickbacks, and the spoils system.
E)
Political deals, congressional caucuses, behind the scenes
manipulation were common during this era.
33.
Which was the major item of debate in the election of 1828 which saw
the ascension of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency?
A)
InterventionistEuropean foreign policy
B)
Tariffs
C)
Personalities of the candidates
D)
Western land sales and prices
E)
Manufacturing
34.
The Tariff of 1828 provoked publication of a pamphlet called The South
Carolina Exposition & Protest. This pamphlet offered what solution to the
tariff dilemma?
A)
Secession
B)
Nullification
C)
Virtual representation
D)
Loose construction interpretation of the Constitution
E)
Doctrine of implied powers
35.
Considering the issue of government and economics, Andrew Jackson
was a(n)…
A)
soft money advocate
B)
defender of the national debt
C)
proponent of high tariffs
D)
hard money advocate
E)
advocate of a graduated income tax
Martin Van Buren:
36.
What democratic political bureaucrat was the leader of the New York
“Buck Tails?”
A)
John C. Calhoun
B)
Theodore Roosevelt
C)
Martin Van Buren
D)
Thurlow Weed
E)
Gouverner Morris
37.
The newly formed legislative caucus in New York led by Martin Van
Buren was known as:
A)
Democrats
B)
Federalists
C)
Loyalists
D)
Copperheads
E)
regency
38.
The consensus “great” Whig leader of the Van Buren era was?
A)
Henry Clay
B)
John Quincy Adams
C)
Daniel Webster
D)
James K. Polk
E)
Ralph Waldo Emerson
39.
Which of the following events DID NOT TRANSPIRE UNDER Martin Van
Buren?
A)
Invention of the steel plow by John Deere
B)
Massachusetts establishes state board of education
C)
Whig Party organized
D)
Mormon migration to Illinois
E)
Independent Treasury Act was passed into law by Congress
40.
Which of the following events was considered by many to be Van Buren’s
major economic achievement?
A)
Gold Rush to California
B)
Mormon migration to Utah
C)
Samuel F.B. Morse invents the telegraph
D)
Large scale development of railroads
E)
Steam power manufacturing begins
William Henry Harrison:/John Tyler
41.
The distinguishing factors about William Henry Harrison as the President
of the US were ALL EXCEPT:
A)
He was a military hero//and a Congressional delegate from Ohio
B)
He was the oldest man to become President//lived the shortest
time in office
C)
He was known as “Old Hickory//and Billy Budd
D)
He was a Whig from Ohio//Governor of Indiana Territory
E)
He inaugural address was the longest on record//Director of US
Bank
James K. Polk:
42.
The primary advocate of “Manifest Destiny” as the public policy of the
United States Government was:
A)
Andrew Jackson
B)
James K. Polk
C)
John L. O’Sullivan
D)
Henry Clay
E)
Thomas Hart Benton
43.
James K. Polk, sent John Slidell to Mexico to:
A)
purchase Texas
B)
secure recognition of the Texas annexation
C)
purchase California
D)
end the Mexican War
E)
negotiate the purchase of the Oregon Territory
44.
The Oregon Treaty of 1846
A)
established a boundary on the Columbia River
B)
was on the whole a British victory
C)
was a colossal Russian defeat
D)
fulfilled Polk’s campaign slogans and promises
E)
was a reasonable compromise
45.
Which of the following movements did not occur in the 1844-1848 period
of US History?
A)
Gag Rule
B)
Split of the Baptist Church into Northern and Southern Churches
C)
Publication of The Essay on Civil Disobedience
D)
Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter
E)
George Morton discovers ether as anesthesia
Franklin Pierce:
46.
The cotton gin is to the South as ____ is to ____
A)
commerce ::New York
B)
railroad :: West
C)
fishing :: Alaska
D)
lumbering :: Northeast
E)
cattle raising :: Wyoming
47.
Mormons are to Utah as ____ is to ____
A)
Baptists :: Florida
B)
Catholics :: California
C)
Quakers :: Oregon
D)
Utopian Socialists :: Old Northwest
E)
Lutherans :: Mississippi Valley
48.
The aggressive administration of President Franklin Pierce sought to…
A)
engage Spain and England in a war over Mexico
B)
force Japan open to trade
C)
dig a Nicaraguan canal
D)
annex Canada
E)
acquire Cuba
49.
The election of 1852 was genuinely significant in US History because:
A)
It set back the Democratic Party
B)
It highlighted the achievements of the Whigs
C)
It doomed the Whig Party in national political culture of the future
D)
It spawned a compromise over slavery that avoided civil war
E)
It gave birth to the Republican Party
50.
Men who became giants and forerunners of the Civil War era included
ALL EXCEPT:
A)
Abraham Lincoln
B)
Stephen A. Douglass
C)
William H. Seward
D)
Henry Clay
E)
William Lloyd Garrison
James Buchanan:
51.
The election of 1856 is significant for a variety of reasons. Which of the
following is NOT an 1856 issue?
A)
This election brought forth the advent of the long awaited
sectional party—the Republicans.
B)
Buchanan failed to take strong measures against secession.
C)
Brooks attacked Sumner in one of the most appalling scenes of
modern democracy
D)
The waning of the American Party became a political reality
E)
The rendering of the Dred Scott case occurred
52.
James Buchanan openly sided with:
A)
advocates of Manifest Destiny
B)
provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
C)
southerners who were pro-slavery in Kansas over the Lecompton
Constitution
D)
anti-slavery prosecutors of the Dred Scott case
E)
anti-immigration advocates of European immigration
53.
The period 1856-1860 included ALL OF THE historical crises EXCEPT:
A)
Dred Scott v. Sanford
B)
Lincoln vs Douglas Debates
C)
Panic of 1857
D)
Buchanan accepted skillful aid of Thurlow Weed
E)
Sent Col. Albert Sidney Johnson against the Mormons in Utah
54.
Senator William H. Seward, labeled the national political crisis a(n)…
A)
blundering generation
B)
irrepressible conflict
C)
victory for republicanism
D)
age of permanent sectionalism
E)
the modern curse of urbanism vs rural agrarianism
55.
The single greatest impact of actions and events taken during the
Buchanan Administration was the
A)
political reemergence of Abraham Lincoln
B)
the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
C)
the writing and distribution of Hinton R. Helper’s book, The
Impending Crisis.
D)
decisions by the Buchanan pro-Northern Supreme Court
E)
drafting of the Chrittendon Compromise on slavery
Abraham Lincoln:
56.
Which of the following combinations of rivals did Lincoln choose to
nominate as cabinet members upon his election 1860?
A)
Douglas, Bates, Jeff Davis, and Cameron
B)
Cameron, Stephens, Lee, and Seward
C)
Seward, Chase, Bates, and Cameron
D)
Weed, Grundy, Blair, and Andrew Johnson
E)
Blair, Douglas, Fremont, and Grant
57.
Which descriptive term most carefully identifies Abe Lincoln’s abolitionist
feelings?
A)
He was a fanatic abolitionist
B)
He was a liberal abolitionist on principle only
C)
He was undecided and unconcerned about abolitionism
D)
He was a moral or conscience abolitionist
E)
He was anti-abolitionist
58.
Which of the following men did NOT participate in the election of 1860 as
a candidate
A)
Lincoln
B)
Douglas
C)
Breckenridge
D)
Bell
E)
Buchanan
59.
At the beginning of the Civil War, the North had all of the following
advantages EXCEPT:
A)
more manpower
B)
more industry
C)
stronger consensus concerning war aims
D)
an established government recognized by all nations
E)
superiority in number of naval vessels
60.
Abraham Lincoln viewed the Civil War primarily as a…
A)
struggle in the economic interest of the northern bankers and
merchants
B)
crusade to abolish slavery
C)
test of the inviolability of the union
D)
struggle against the dominance of Southerner in national
government
E)
struggle to secure full citizenship for Negroes
Andrew Johnson:
61.
Andrew Johnson’s conception of what was to be done following the Civil
War is best described by the term:
A)
“Squatter sovereignty”
B)
“Restoration”
C)
“Scalawag supremacy”
D)
“Military reconstruction”
E)
“Distribution of forty acres and a mule”
62.
The remarkable characteristic of Johnson’s reconstruction policy was
that it was:
A)
arbitrary and suspicious
B)
mild and compromising
C)
a capitulation to the radical views in the North
D)
original and visionary
E)
vague but diplomatic
63.
Historians Thomas A. Bailey and David Kennedy have argued that
Reconstruction was…
A)
an effective and enduring revolution to advance political
democracy
B)
a movement of unintended consequences
C)
a static and reactionary move that set the US back a century in
progress
D)
a more bitter pill for the South to swallow than the War itself.
E)
to delay the effectiveness of women’s rights movement
64.
Which post-war President of Reconstruction signed the now powerful and
precedent setting 14th Amendment to the Constitution?
A)
Andrew Johnson
B)
Abraham Lincoln
C)
Ulysses S. Grant
D)
James A. Garfield
E)
Chester A. Arthur
65.
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 dealt specifically with:
A)
the economic reconstruction of southern agriculture
B)
the social conditions of the ex-slaves
C)
the establishment of military reconstruction in five districts under
Union generals
D)
the rebuilding of the rail system in the South
E)
the steps necessary to go from “conquered provinces” to member
of the republican union.
Ulysses S. Grant:
66.
The major achievement of the Grant Administration which was actually a
process out of it’s control concerned which of the following issues that
dramatically was beneficial to the whole American nation?
A)
Effective and peaceful completion of reconstruction
B)
Effectively dealing with the hoards of immigration coming from
Europe
C)
Efficient readjustment of southern agricultural problems
D)
Effective reestablishment of diplomatic relations with European
nations
E)
Allowing the rise of industrialism to go forward unregulated
67.
The most vital trans-continental development in railroad building
occurred when…
A)
The Great Northern railroad was completed
B)
The Northern Pacific railroad was completed
C)
The Central Pacific and Union Pacific was joined at Promontory
Point
D)
The Southern Pacific connected the North and South
E)
The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe rail line began operations
68.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the pre-Grant years of
Reconstruction?
A)
The war devastated southern society
B)
Every major southern city law in ruins
C)
The social structure of the South was weakened
D)
There were only minimal affects upon African Americans
E)
The per capita wealth was more than twice that of all eleven
Confederate states.
69.
Which of the following combination of events was clearly outside the
period of the Administration of President Ulysses S. Grant?
I.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
II.
Ku Klux Klan Act
III.
Publication of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
IV.
Glidden invent “Barbed Wire”
V.
Atlanta Compromise
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
I & III
IV & II
III & V
II & V
IV & I
70.
Which of the following massacres occurred during the presidential watch
of Ulysses S. Grant”?
A)
The Hauns Mill Massacre
B)
The Colfax Massacre
C)
The Fetterman Massacre
D)
Deerfield Massacre
E)
Wounded Knee Massacre
Rutherford B. Hayes:
71.
At the time of his inauguration, President Hayes was view by a great
majority of the American people as having been...
A)
elected by fraud
B)
considered to be a major reformer
C)
a political supporter of radicalism in reconstruction
D)
a pro-Western railroad magnate
E)
a New England conservative
72.
During Hayes’ Administration, he was able to gain recognition as
reformer and fighter against:
A)
radical reconstruction
B)
Indian massacres in the mid-West
C)
abusive pork barrel riders to essential appropriation bills
D)
abuse of workers in the burgeoning factories of America
E)
farm subsidies by Congressmen from the Midwest
73.
A common feature of southern agriculture under the Hayes
Administration was:
A)
homesteading
B)
government land grants
C)
subdividing plantations
D)
sharecropping
E)
introduction of the sugar industry into agriculture
James A. Garfield:
74.
Which of the late 19th century issues does NOT affect the administration
of James A.
Garfield?
A)
He was a compromise candidate for the nomination after the 34
ballot of the convention.
B)
Garfield had a deep-seated aversion to parading his own virtues.
C)
Indian massacres and battle on the Midwest frontier
D)
Democrats attempted to taint Garfield as a scandal monger
E)
James G. Blaine changed political parties after Garfield’s
nomination
75.
Who among the following became the colorful, magnetic, and powerful
Secretary of State, during Garfield’s presidency, in much the same
fashion William H. Seward did under Lincoln?
A)
Roscoe Conkling
B)
Rutherford B. Hayes
C)
James G. Blaine
D)
Grover Cleveland
E)
Chester A. Arthur
Chester A. Arthur:
76.
The presidential successor to Garfield, due to the assassin’s bullet,
Arthur is known for each of the following EXCEPT:
A)
Arthur signed the Pendleton Act
B)
Arthur was the product the most powerful patronage machine in
existence
C)
Arthur signed a tariff law noted for doing nothing
D)
Arthur was a major foreign policy expert
E)
Arthur was unique in that he was first incumbent President whose
party refused to re-nominate him for another term of office.
Grover Cleveland:
77.
Grover Cleveland became the first president after 1868 to
A)
secure a majority of both popular and electoral votes
B)
have a party majority in both houses of Congress
C)
take steps to end Reconstruction
D)
have been born in the South
E)
break Republican control of the White House
78.
The Cleveland-Blaine campaign of 1884 was aimed primarily at:
A)
lowering tariffs
B)
reviving the Bloody Shirt issue
C)
reforming the civil service
D)
exposing the personal shortcomings of the candidates
E)
regaining the European powers allegiance to avoid continental war
79.
Which combination of two laws was Grover Cleveland famous for
signing?
A)
Interstate Commerce Act // Dawes Severalty Act
B)
Pendleton Act // Pension Appropriations Act
C)
Tenure of Office Act // Sherman Tariff Act
D)
Gold Standards Act // Sherman Silver Purchase Act
E)
Reconstruction Acts // Forest Reserve Act
Benjamin Harrison:
80.
Benjamin Harrison is most commonly identified with and responsible
for…
A)
Dawes Severalty Act
B)
“Billion dollar” out of control Congress of 1890
C)
Rise of Knights of Labor
D)
Formation of United States Steel Corporation
E)
Formation of Standard Oil Trust
William J. McKinley:
81.
William J. McKinley was the first Gilded Age President to focus on
aggressive…
A)
Development of imperialism in foreign policy matters
B)
Rejection of insularism
C)
Approval of organized labor’s anti-immigrant socialism
D)
Domestic acceptance of William James ideas of pragmatism
E)
Development of the rise of populism
82.
83.
Which member of Lincoln’s “Team of Rivals” was retained by McKinley to
run the foreign policy of the US?
A)
Salmon P. Chase
B)
Simon Cameron
C)
Francis Blair
D)
William Henry Seward
E)
William Jennings Bryan
Men who made a major impact upon foreign affairs in the Gilded Age
included ALL EXCEPT:
A)
William H. Seward
B)
Hamilton Fish
C)
James G. Blaine
D)
Henry Cabot Lodge
E)
Samuel Gompers
84.
The weak and ineffective Presidents of the Gilded Age were complimented
by powerful
A)
Vice Presidents
B)
Secretaries of State
C)
Secretaries of the Treasury
D)
Powerful Democratic Senators
E)
Powerful industrial magnates that supported the Presidents
85.
The primary feature of American government during these years signaled
the development of:
A)
powerful standing armies
B)
of useful navies for imperial motives
C)
of powerful centralized government
D)
major powers and policies coming from the Supreme Court
E)
rapid settlement of western US into statehood
Theodore Roosevelt:
86.
Who was the first American President to draw popular attention to the
need for a national conservation policy?
A)
Theodore Roosevelt
B)
Woodrow Wilson
C)
Herbert Hoover
D)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
E)
John F. Kennedy
87.
Which of the following items of modern power structures would Theodore
Roosevelt have rejected as unacceptable?
A)
industrialism
B)
nationalism
C)
progressivism
D)
imperialism
E)
fanaticism
88.
Which of the following “Deals” did TR propose to the American People?
A)
Fair Deal
B)
Square Deal
C)
New Deal
D)
Raw Deal
E)
Vegas Deal
89.
Which of the following items was NOT an action of President TR?
A)
Pure Food & Drug Act
B)
Roosevelt Corollary
C)
Built the Panama Canal
D)
Newlands Reclamation Act
E)
Veto veterans pension bill
90.
Theodore Roosevelt would earn the Nobel Prize in 1906 for helping bring
to an end a war between which combination of two nations.
A)
France // Germany
B)
Spain // Italy
C)
Britain // Turkey
D)
Japan // Russia
E)
Mexico // Argentina
91.
Roosevelt’s victory in the Northern Securities Company case (1904) was
his first significant trust-busting effort; was aimed at the unpopular
railroad industry, and which of the following captains of industry?
A)
James J. Hill
B)
Andrew Carnegie
C)
John D. Rockefeller
D)
Leland Stanford
E)
Cornelius Vanderbilt
William Howard Taft:
92.
The economic oriented foreign policy of the man who succeeded Theodore
Roosevelt as President was known as:
A)
Manifest Destiny
B)
Dollar Diplomacy
C)
Social Darwinism
D)
Reciprocity with nations
E)
World safe for democracy
93.
“He graduated 2nd in his class at Yale, was an enviable lawyer, and
judicial scholar…” Which of the following progressives is Historian David
Kennedy talking about?
A)
Robert LaFollette
B)
Theodore Roosevelt
C)
Woodrow Wilson
D)
William Howard Taft
E)
John Hay
94.
Which of the following issues were not issues on which Taft had to deal
during his single term as President of the United States.
A)
trust-busting
B)
tariff
C)
inter-government agency fights
D)
impeachment crisis
E)
Senatorial insurgency
95.
What did Taft call the supporters of TR when he returned to oppose Taft
in 1912?
A)
feeble miscreants
B)
emotional and neurotic
C)
intellectual snobs
D)
naked thieves
E)
wishy-washy-turncoats
Woodrow Wilson:
96.
At the beginning of the 20th century Woodrow Wilson ascended to the
White House with a profound sense of…
A)
idealism
B)
realism
C)
pragmatism
D)
surrealism
E)
imperialism
97.
Wilson by any standard of judgment was a(n)_____ President in 1912 in
the first term of office.
A)
plurality
B)
minority
C)
majority
D)
super-majority
E)
compromised
98.
Which of the following trusts did Wilson “go after” upon his election to
the Presidency?
A)
railroad
B)
copper
C)
banking
D)
steel
E)
oil
99.
Woodrow Wilson was fundamentally opposite his two progressive
presidential predecessors in
that he hated which of the following
A)
nationalism
B)
dollar diplomacy
C)
insularism
D)
pluralism
E)
imperialism
100.
Wilson did not confront any of the basic causes of war that led to World
War I EXCEPT he did not approve of
A)
nationalism
B)
militarism
C)
imperialism
D)
alliance systems
E)
propaganda
101.
Wilson “pushed society’s envelope” by appointing a man to the Supreme
Court who he knew would be controversial. That person was…
A)
William Howard Taft
B)
Charles Evans Hughes
C)
Louis D. Brandeis
D)
Owen Roberts
E)
Robert Jackson
102.
The chief cause for the entry of the United States into World War I, was
Germany’s
A)
policy of peaceful penetration into Mexico
B)
invasion of Belgium
C)
resumption of submarine warfare
D)
campaign of sabotage in the United States
E)
air attack on the Atlantic coast of the US
103.
Which of the following tandem issues were not long range causes of
warfare in the first half of the 20th century?
A)
imperialism // racism
B)
nationalism // fanaticism
C)
militarism // alliance building
D)
propaganda // yellow journalism
E)
manifest destiny // neutrality
104.
Wilson’s avowed intentions in going to the Versailles Peace Conference
was to…
A)
make the world safe for democracy
B)
punish the Germans and Austrians
C)
achieve the provisions of the fourteen points
D)
halt Russian expansionism in eastern Europe
E)
create the United Nations
105. The battle in which the Americans took the primary role of halting the
Central Powers was
A)
Rock of the Marne
B)
Muese-Argonne Forest
C)
Cantigny
D)
Piave
E)
Verdun
Warren G. Harding:
106.
Under President Harding the U.S.
A)
ratified the Treaty of Versailles with reservations
B)
took no notice whatever of the League of Nations
C)
we sacrificed actual naval superiority
D)
we sacrificed potential naval superiority
E)
became over night the world’s only super-power
107.
The Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22
A)
actually achieved no arms reductions
B)
improved the tense atmosphere in the Pacific
C)
left the Philippines in a stronger position
D)
made a highly favorable impression on Japan
E)
protected Australia from invasion
108. The Ohio Gang included which pair of men appointed by Warren
Harding.
A)
Harry F. Sinclair // William Howard Taft
B)
Henry Ford // Charles Evans Hughes
C)
Harry M. Daugherty// Albert B. Fall
D)
Herbert C. Hoover // Andrew Mellon
E)
Calvin Coolidge // John Scopes
Calvin Coolidge:
109.
President Calvin Coolidge presided over a nation that was affected by ALL
OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:
A)
a tremendous business boom cycle
B)
a cultural renaissance among both Black and White communities
C)
an economic age of affluence and change
D)
a blistering depression and war
E)
an age fundamentalism and prohibitionist
110.
Thomas Edison was to the Gilded Age as _____ was to _____
A)
Charles Evan Hughes :: World War I
B)
Wilbur Wright :: Progressive Era
C)
Herbert C. Hoover :: the Great Depression
D)
Al Jolson :: Sports Era
E)
Henry Ford :: was the Jazz Age
Herbert Clark Hoover:
111.
One of the great writers of the age who, in terms of the way he lived, and
the themes of his literary works, the author most representative of the
“Lost Generation” was:
A)
Ernest Hemingway
B)
Langston Hughes
C)
John Dos Passos
D)
John Steinbeck
E)
Sinclair Lewis
112.
Which of the following diplomatic treatises and attending doctrines was
written and applied during the Herbert Hoover Administration?
A)
Olney Doctrine—Platt Amendment
B)
Roosevelt Corollary—Dollar Diplomacy
C)
Clark Memorandum—Good Neighbor Policy
D)
Ostend Manifesto—Teller Amendment
E)
Alliance for Progress—Peace Corps
113.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Herbert Hoover?
A)
Born in Iowa and orphaned, but worked his way through Stanford
University
B)
He was a fabulously successful mining engineer who worked
abroad
C)
He was a gregarious out-going and social man who merged easily
in high society
D)
His real power lay in his integrity, humanitarianism, and loyalty.
He was known as “Chief!”
E)
He was the intellectual spirit behind the development of “Good
Neighbor Policy.”
114.
Which of the following issues was NOT a long-range cause of the Great
Depression which confronted Herbert Hoover?
A)
Over production by farmers
B)
Over speculation in the stock market
C)
Over extension of credit by banks
D)
Over spending on credit by consumers
E)
Over regulation of Securities & Exchange Commission
115.
Hoover’s presidential theme was:
A)
Manifest Destiny
B)
Rugged Individualism
C)
The Square Deal
D)
Scientific Management
E)
The Open Door Policy
Franklin Delano Roosevelt:
116.
Which of the following tandem events and statements is true of the 1932
Democratic Convention in Chicago?
A)
FDR smashed precedent by accepting nomination in person // “I
pledge to you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American
people.”
B)
The democratic platform supported prohibition // “Happy Days
are here again!”
C)
Al Smith proudly proclaimed… // “Out of the Red with Roosevelt”
D)
FDR rousingly shouted // “damn the deficit spenders!”
E)
FDR forebodingly warned that // “All we have to fear, is fear
itself!”
117.
FDR’s first “New Deal” aimed at a triad of prescriptural solutions to the
Depression. Which of the following combinations of programs is NOT
correct?
A)
Reform actions // Glass-Steagall Act, NRA, TVA,
B)
Recovery actions // Emergency Banking Relief, CCC, & FERA
C)
Reactionary actions // PWA, Beer & Wine Act, & RFC
D)
Relief actions // AAA, HOLC, & WPA
E)
Later reform actions // FHA, Wagner Act, & Fair Labor Standard
Act
118.
FDR made many historical decisions, but one of the first decisions was a
major issue involving women:
A)
Using his wife a goodwill ambassador
B)
Choosing a woman as Vice President
C)
Allowing Margaret Chase to become a US Senator
D)
Allowing Mary McLeod Bethune to become a director of minor
government agency
E)
Appointing Frances Perkins to serve as the Secretary of Labor and
first woman to serve in a President’s Cabinet
119.
Which of the following economic groups needed Roosevelt’s attention due
to natural disasters?
A)
Union workers in the cities
B)
Women across the America
C)
Students from the universities
D)
Farmers from the “Dust Bowl” states
E)
Eastern seaboard businessmen
120.
Which dual set of programs were declared “unconstitutional” by the
Supreme Court during the New Deal Years?
A)
NRA & AAA
B)
TVA & SEC
C)
NLRB & HOLC
D)
WPA & PWA
E)
FERA & CCC
121.
Which two crises enable FDR to bring the US into the modern world of
1945?
A)
Supreme Court crisis // Dust Bowl
B)
World War II // Great Depression
C)
Rise of Fascism // collapse of labor in 1930’s
D)
Changing his Vice Presidents// Organizing the CIO
E)
Suppressing civil liberties // mandating integration in Armed
Forces
122.
William H. Seward was to Abraham Lincoln as _____ was to _____
A)
James G. Blaine :: Benjamin Harrison
B)
Alexander Hamilton :: George Washington
C)
Henry Clay :: Andrew Jackson
D)
Cordell Hull :: Franklin D. Roosevelt
E)
Henry L. Stimson :: Woodrow Wilson
123.
The day “that will live in infamy!” is which of the following?
A)
Black Friday, Sept. 24, 1869
B)
Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929
C)
December 7 1941
D)
June 6, 1943
E)
April 12, 1945
124.
What presidential action of FDR did NOT move this nation toward World
War II?
A)
Lend-lease Act
B)
Einstein letter of August 2, 1939
C)
de facto isolation and neutrality during the 1930’s
D)
the Atlantic Charter covenant struck by Churchill and Roosevelt
E)
pre-1940 Japanese relocation movement
125.
A major, early set of naval battles that stopped Japanese aggression &
expansionism were:
A)
Pearl Harbor & Midway
B)
Midway & Coral Sea
C)
Leyte Gulf & Mariana Islands campaign
D)
Coral Sea & Invasion of the Philippines
E)
Gilbert Islands & Okinawa
Harry S. Truman:
126.
Harry
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
S. Truman aided the cause of civil liberty
denouncing Southern support in the 1948 presidential election
desegregation of the armed forces of the United States
integrating the public schools of Missouri & Arkansas
ordering non-discrimination clauses in all defense contracts
integrating restaurants, movie theaters, and interstate travel
127.
Truman’s twin decisions involving war in the modern world on a level
never before known are:
A)
Normandy Invasion and Battle of the Bulge
B)
Authorization to invade the Philippines and French Indochina
C)
Fire bombing of Tokyo and attack order for Iwo Jima
D)
Eisenhower’s authorization to cross the Rhine and invade the City
of Berlin
E)
The Korean police action of 1950 and the bombing of
Hiroshima/Nagasaki
128.
During the Second World War civil liberties in the US were most
conspicuously violated by the
A)
relocation of Japanese Americans
B)
jailing German and Japanese pacificists
C)
persecution of pro-Hitler German Americans
D)
persecution of Russian-American Communists
E)
crack-down on Jewish American press
129.
Truman’s action to remove Gen. Douglas MacArthur from command of
the United Nations forces during the Korean War exemplifies the
constitutional power of…
A)
separation of powers
B)
federal supremacy
C)
civilian control of the military
D)
concept of limited government
E)
checks and balances
130.
Which of the following World War II military figures became the architect
of Truman’s foreign policy?
A)
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
B)
Gen. George S. Patton
C)
Adm. Chester W. Nimitz
D)
Adm. William F. Halsey
E)
Gen. George C. Marshall
Dwight David Eisenhower:
131.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s chief cold war problem was…
A)
Sputnik
B)
Ending the Korean War
C)
McCarthyism
D)
U-2 Incident
E)
death of Joseph Stalin
132.
Which Supreme Court case, rendered under the Eisenhower
Administration by a Chief Justice appointed by Eisenhower, mandated
racial integration?
A)
Muller v. Oregon
B)
Schenck v. United States
C)
Schecter Poultry v. US
D)
Dennis v. US
E)
Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS
133.
President Eisenhower’s economic and national unification program was
manifest in…
A)
Establish several trans-continental airlines
B)
Rebuilding the nations railroads
C)
Building the new freeway, parkway, and ribbons highways
D)
careful supervision of the stock market
E)
rebuilding the nations ports on both oceans
134.
The area of the world where the Cold War was most acutely focused was:
A)
Japan
B)
Germany
C)
Argentina
D)
Nigeria
E)
Philippines
135.
Nuclear weaponry has reached a colossal xenophobia of fear, because of
the creation of ALL EXCEPT:
A)
Hydrogen warheads
B)
Missiles for delivery
C)
Computers for programmed delivery
D)
Neutron bombs
E)
Defense mechanisms
John F. Kennedy:
136. Which of the following issues did NOT occur during the Kennedy
Administration
A)
Cuban Missile Crisis
B)
Berlin crisis—construction of Wall
C)
The Vietnam quagmire
D)
Serious labor union strikes
E)
Serious civil rights conflicts
137.
John F. Kennedy surrounded himself what he called; “The best & the
brightest”. Among them were included ALL EXCEPT:
A)
Mc George Bundy
B)
Thurgood Marshall
C)
Dean Rusk
D)
Robert F. McNamara
E)
Douglas Dillon
138.
There is an interesting and somewhat significant correlation between the
cabinet members of FDR and JFK, in that they
A)
were all New Englanders
B)
business executives of major national importance
C)
intellectuals from the major universities of the nation
D)
included several southerners and western figures
E)
nearly half of them were women, minorities, and bachelor’s
139.
The twin relics of national crisis and foreign shame that occurred during
the Kennedy Administration were:
A)
Vietnam and Civil Rights
B)
Collapse of the Common Market and social violence at home
C)
Betrayal of foreign leaders to help Kennedy and national failure of
the economy
D)
Alienation of young people against power and greed of world
leaders for imperialist power
E)
Development of drug culture and the unabashed greed of
corporate America.
140.
The single greatest tragedy of “Camelot”
A)
sky-rocketing crime rates
B)
appalling poverty
C)
assassinations
D)
sexual revolution
E)
emergence of the radical “New Left!”
Lyndon Baines Johnson:
141.
The years from 1963-1968 are a complete tragedy for a man who was
such a political idealist and moral pragmatist, that it has the plot of an
operatic tragedy. Which of the following was THE ONLY BRIGHT SPOT
in the Administration of Lyndon Johnson?
A)
Vietnamese war
B)
Civil Rights catastrophes
C)
Student revolts
D)
Black power vs White backlash
E)
War On Poverty
142.
What
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
143.
Lyndon Johnson stunned the nation and the world in March of 1968,
with the announcement:
A)
that he would not run again
B)
that he was resigning immediately
C)
that he felt betrayed by those who were of his own party
D)
that Robert F. Kennedy had been assassinated
E)
that Martin Luther King had been assassinated
was the single event that dealt Johnson’s credibility a fatal blow?
Danang Air strike
Tet Offensive
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
The bombing raids over the north
Dien Bien Phu attack
Richard M. Nixon:
144.
To whom did Richard Nixon appeal in political quest for the Presidency?
A)
The New Left
B)
The Radical Left
C)
The silent majority
D)
The John Birch Society
E)
The Conservative Fundamentalist Right
145.
Leading figures appointed by newly elected Presidents are always
historically significant in that they are the ones who will set the agenda,
formulate the policies, and execute the actions of the government looking
forward. Which of the list is generally considered to be the foreign policy
“master mind” of the Nixon Years?
A)
Robert Finch
B)
William J. Fulbright
C)
George McGovern
D)
Robert McNamara
E)
Henry Kissinger
146.
The fascinating term that came to characterize Nixon foreign policy was:
A)
“Open Door Policy
B)
“Détente”
C)
“Good Neighbor Policy”
D)
“Peace without victory policy”
E)
“Unilateral application of democracy”
147.
Which of the following TWO events occurred early in the Nixon
administration that both shocked and awed the world?
A)
Apollo 11 // Kent State murders
B)
Assassination of Martin Luther King // Congress passes ERA
C)
Nixon’s resignation // NOW founded
D)
Paris Peace Accords // Cuban Missile Crisis
E)
War Powers Act-73 // Roe v. Wade decided
148.
The resignation of Richard Nixon came as the result of the investigation
into the…
A)
Vietnam war
B)
Assassination of Malcolm X
C)
Kent State Massacre
D)
Watergate investigation
E)
The escalation of the Vietnam War into Cambodia and Laos
149.
Which pair of African American leaders wrote wholly contrasting views
about race relations in American?
A)
James Foreman // Jesse Jackson
B)
Stokley Carmichael // Thurgood Marshall
C)
Martin Luther King // Malcolm X
D)
Jackie Robinson // Willie Mays
E)
Jim Brown // Wilt Chamberlain
150.
What nineteenth century concept of politics did both Richard Nixon and
Henry Kissinger share in common?
A)
Détente
B)
Neo-Machiavellian idealism
C)
Gradual release of imperialistic motives
D)
Realpolitik
E)
National Socialism
Answer Key
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
D
C
E
B
B
B
D
A
E
B
D
A
C
C
E
B
C
E
B
C
E
E
D
B
C
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
E
E
A
E
B
C
B
C
B
D
C
E
A
C
D
C
B
C
E
D
B
B
E
C
D
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
E
C
D
B
A
C
D
E
C
C
B
B
D
A
C
E
C
D
C
B
A
C
D
E
C
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
D
E
D
A
B
A
D
E
B
C
A
E
B
E
D
A
B
D
D
B
A
B
C
E
C
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
C
C
E
C
B
D
B
C
D
E
A
C
C
E
B
A
C
E
D
A
B
D
C
E
B
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
B
E
A
C
E
D
E
C
B
E
D
B
C
A
C
E
B
A
C
E
D
A
D
C
D