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Chapters 1 & 2 Exploration and Settlement Summary Native Americans Land bridge from Asia (Bering Strait) In North America thousands of years Maya, Aztec, Inca European interest in exploration – – – – Crusades Renaissance Monarchs financed voyages of discovery Portugal – Prince Henry the Navigator (school for navigators) Spain, France, England When? Why? Where? How? Spain 3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory Portuguese had already found routes around Africa – Bartholomew Dias – S. Africa – Vasco da Gama – S. Africa to India Columbus – financed by Ferdinand and Isabella – 1492 to San Salvador (Bahamas); 3 more trips – Thought he was in the Indies de Soto – Florida, Mississippi Coronado - Southwest Cortez – Aztecs, Pizarro – Incas Conquistadors Scientific Advancements CARAVEL – Ship that needed little wind, could handle extended travel ASTROLABE – Determined LATITUDE on the globe via stars COMPASS – Determined direction from magnetic North Columbus Spain Caribbean, Central & S. America, Southern U.S. Catholic missions, presidios (forts), disease, weapons, horses; harsh treatment of native population Spain Mestizos – mix of Spanish and Indian Columbian Exchange – goods & products between Europe and the Americas St. Augustine – first U.S. settlement (1565) France Believed in Northwest Passage to Asia Settled Northeast, Canada, Louisiana (New Orleans – military base) Fur trade with Indians – better relations; didn’t take their land Champlain (Quebec) Quebec established to keep out rivals Chapter 2.3 – 2.5 Textbook information begins here England Defeat of Spanish Armada 1588 Also believed in the N.W. Passage Roanoke – first attempt unsuccessful Charter (grant of permission) – from king Virginia Company - Joint Stock Company – investors (profit) Jamestown, VA - 1607 – Capt. John Smith Powhatan – assisted colonists; traded http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-ofus/videos/life-in-jamestown Types of Colonies Joint - Stock – Investors/company (for profit) Proprietary – Individual, small group Royal – King (most became royal) Southern – VA cont. Many hardships – starvation & disease John Smith – made colonists work Pocahontas – helped colonists House of Burgesses - First legislative body – Represents colonial commitment to representative government (Parliament) and democracy John Rolfe – Tobacco, cash crop, saved VA http://www.history.com/shows/america-thestory-of-us/videos/the-value-of-tobacco Southern - VA Headright System – 50 free acres if you paid your passage; attracted MANY to VA Bacon’s Rebellion – western farmers against Gov. Berkeley – Poor farmers wouldn’t tolerate govt. catering only to the rich; taxes reduced – Wanted protection from Indians – Eventually failed – **Turned more to slavery; revolutionary spirit Southern cont. Maryland – Lord Baltimore (proprietary) Refuge for Catholics Maryland Toleration Act – religious freedom Many Protestants came Carolina split into North & South Carolina Proprietary Charleston – King Charles (main southern city) Southern Cont. Georgia – James Oglethorpe Haven for debtors, buffer zone (Spanish FL) Most were poor traders & artisans No slaves, alcohol, gambling VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA New England Separatists – Pilgrims – 1620 – Plymouth (Massachusetts) – William Bradford Mayflower (Compact) – agreed to obey laws; self government – founding principle Puritans – religious dissidents John Winthrop – governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony Salvation through moral lives; strict Town meetings – basis of representative govt. Education important – read Bible (Harvard – 1st college) New England cont. Salem Witch Trials Did not practice religious toleration Dissidents Roger Williams (Rhode Island), Anne Hutchinson banished, RI & CT more tolerant – Baptists, Quakers, Jews Puritans viewed Indians as lazy savages Pequot War – Puritans attacked and killed village – women, kids, etc. Very brutal. Halfway Covenant – loosened requirements for Church membership which was declining New England cont. King Philip’s War (Chief Metacom) Indians defeated and lost most land in New England Virtually destroyed Indians Others: Connecticut, New Hampshire MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, NEW HAMPSHIRE, CONNECTICUT Middle Colonies Dutch – New Netherlands Hudson River - New Amsterdam (NY) England took over – established New York, New Jersey Delaware – Sweden and Finland; trade, farming Pennsylvania – William Penn, proprietor Quakers – tolerant, refused to bear arms, equality of women Middle cont. Most diverse colonies – Economically – trade, farming, etc. Diverse population (nationalities) Religious toleration NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, PENNSYLVANIA
