Download 32. The reaction described by this equilibrium is

Chemistry 30: Review Booklet
The diploma examination consists of 44 Multiple Choice worth 73% of the exam, and 16 Numerical
Response questions worth 17% of the exam. These questions may stand alone or be linked to one
another. In linked questions, the answer from one question is used to complete the next question. If
you answer the first question incorrectly but use that answer correctly to answer the second question,
you will still receive full marks for the second question
The examination is 2.5 hours in length. Budget about 2 minutes 20 seconds per question, and this
should leave about 10 minutes at the end to revise and double check your work before handing it in.
Breakdown of the examination:
Unit A = Thermochemistry = 20–22%
Unit B = Electrochemistry (Redox) = 32–34%
Unit C = Organic Chemistry = 12–16%
Unit D = Equilibrium and Acid-Base Chemistry = 30–32%
Here are some practice questions representative of a diploma examination.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Processes
1
2
3
4
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Bacterial decay
Energy from the sun
Numerical Response
1. From the formation of methane to its eventual use as automobile fuel, the order of the processes
listed above is _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ .
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical response section of your answer sheet.)
1. A student mixes 41.8 g of ethanol at 15.8°C with 50.7 g of water at 49.2°C. If the resulting
temperature of the solution is 38.4°C, what is the specific heat capacity of the ethanol?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.43 J/(g • °C)
3.45 J/(g • °C)
4.19 J/(g • °C)
6.51 J/(g • °C)
2. In a chemistry experiment, 12 g of (NH4)2SO4(s) was dissolved in 120 mL of water in a simple
calorimeter. A temperature change from 20.2°C to 17.8°C was observed. The experimental
molar enthalpy of solution for ammonium sulphate was
A.
B.
C.
D.
+13 kJ/mol
+1.2 kJ/mol
–1.2 kJ/mol
–13 kJ/mol
3. Which of the following statements is true for an endothermic reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
∆Ep for the reaction is negative.
Energy is a product in the chemical equation.
The temperature of the surroundings increases.
The potential energy of the products is greater than the potential energy of the reactants.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Prior to the development of the Hall-Héroult process for producing aluminum, pure aluminum
was produced according to the equation
AlCl3(l) + 3 Na(l) → Al(s) + 3 NaCl(s)
ΔrH = –564.8 kJ
4. The reaction above can also be written as
A.
B.
C.
D.
AlCl3(l) + 3 Na(l) + 564.8 kJ → Al(s) + 3 NaCl(s)
AlCl3(l) + 3 Na(l) → Al(s) + 3 NaCl(s) – 564.8 kJ
1/3 AlCl3(l) + Na(l) + 188.3 kJ → 1/3 Al(s) + NaCl(s)
1/3 AlCl3(l) + Na(l) → 1/3 Al(s) + NaCl(s) + 188.3 kJ
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Standard Heats of Formation
Substance
∆Hf ° (kJ/mol)
X
–22.5
Y
+78.3
Z
–54.8
Given:
X + 3Y
2Z + 2W
∆rH = –562.0 kJ
Numerical Response
2. The standard molar heat of formation of substance W is, expressed in scientific notation,
a.bc 10d kJ/mol. The values of a, b, c, and d are ______, ______, ______, and ______.
(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
Dr. Richard Trotter has developed what could be the first cost-effective process for limiting
methane emissions from underground coal mines. In this process, methane and oxygen are
reacted at 800°C in the presence of a catalyst. The products of this process are carbon dioxide
gas and liquid water.
5. Which of the following potential energy diagrams represents both the catalyzed (– – –) and
uncatalyzed reactions (—) for this process?
6. The combustion of hydrogen gas as an automobile fuel is an attractive alternative to the
combustion of fossil fuels because
A.
B.
C.
D.
the fuel tank for hydrogen gas would be smaller
burning hydrogen gas forms non-polluting products
hydrogen gas is less expensive and is readily available for use
the molar heat of combustion for hydrogen gas is greater than those of the hydrocarbon fuels
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Three Equations and Their Enthalpies
N2O5(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(l)
ΔrH = –76.6 kJ
2H2(g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O(l)
N2(g) + 3 O2(g) + H2(g) → 2 HNO3(l)
ΔrH = –571.6 kJ
ΔrH = –348.2 kJ
Numerical Response
3. Given the equations above, the molar enthalpy of formation for dinitrogen
pentaoxide is
Answer: +/– _____________ kJ/mol
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical response section of your answer sheet.)
7. When phosphorus, P4(s), is exposed to air, it ignites spontaneously and rapidly releases
2 940 kJ/mol. Which of the following potential energy diagrams best represents this reaction?
8. The energy changes that occur when propane undergoes combustion are primarily
due to changes in ___i___ energy resulting from ___ii___ .
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
kinetic
potential
kinetic
potential
ii
a rearrangement of bonds
a rearrangement of bonds
an increase in molecular motion
an increase in molecular motion
9. An equation that does not represent a redox reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 H2O(aq) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
2 Ag+(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)
C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
Ba(NO3) 2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Leaching technology is used in the mining and refining of copper ore. In the first step of the
leaching process, concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid flows through a copper ore deposit. Solid
copper(II) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid as represented by the following net ionic equation.
CuO(s) + 2 H+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + H2O(l)
The resulting solution that contains copper(II) ions is transferred to an electrolytic cell where pure copper
is produced.
10. In the reaction represented by the equation above, copper undergoes
A.
B.
C.
D.
reduction only
oxidation only
both oxidation and reduction
neither oxidation nor reduction
11. The equation representing a spontaneous reaction at standard conditions is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Co2+(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq) → Co(s) + 2 Fe3+(aq)
Sn4+(aq) + 2 Br–(aq) → Sn2+(aq) + Br2(l)
2 I–(aq) + Cl2(g) → I2(s) + 2 Cl–(aq)
Pb(s) + Fe2+(aq) → Pb2+(aq) + Fe(s)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
12. During cellular respiration, the oxidizing agent is
A.
B.
C.
D.
O2(g)
CO2(g)
H2O(l)
C6H12O6(s)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
The reactions below involve hypothetical metals and metallic ions.
Reaction
Z3+(aq) + X(s)
X2+(aq) + D(s)
D+(aq) + A(s)
Z3+(aq) + D(s)
A2+(aq) + Z(s)
Observation
no evidence of reaction
evidence of reaction
evidence of reaction
no evidence of reaction
no evidence of reaction
13. The order of oxidizing agents, from strongest to weakest, is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Z3+(aq), X2+(aq), A2+(aq), D+(aq)
X2+(aq), D+(aq), Z3+(aq), A2+(aq)
A2+(aq), Z3+(aq), D+(aq), X2+(aq)
X2+(aq), Z3+(aq), A2+(aq), D+(aq)
14. Which of the following equations represent a disproportionation reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 Na(s) + I2(s) → 2 NaI(s)
2 F2(g) + O2(g) → 2 OF2(g)
Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) → HOCl(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
2NH3(aq) + NaOCl(aq) → N2H4(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Numerical Response
4. Nitrogen forms a number of oxides. Examples include NO(g), N2O(g), NO2(g), and N2O5(g).
The oxidation number of nitrogen in each compound listed above is, respectively, _____ , _____ ,
_____ , and _____ .
(Record your four-digit answer.)
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
Poisonous oxalic acid is found in non-toxic concentrations in vegetables such as spinach and rhubarb.
Manufacturers of spinach juice are required to analyze the concentration of oxalic acid to avoid
problems that could arise from unexpectedly high concentrations of oxalic acid. The reaction of
oxalic acid with acidified potassium permanganate can be represented by the
following unbalanced equation:
__ HOOCCOOH(aq) + __ MnO4–(aq) + __ H+(aq) → __ Mn2+(aq) + __H2O(l) + __ CO2(g)
The following results were obtained from a titration using 0.13 mol/L KMnO4(aq) to titrate 10.00 mL
samples of oxalic acid of unknown concentration.
Trial Number
1
2
3
4
Final Buret Reading (mL)
17.55
25.40
41.65
15.85
Initial Buret Reading (mL)
0.30
10.05
26.40
0.55
purple
pink
pink
pink
Volume of KMnO4(aq)
Final Colour
15. The balanced equation for the titration is
A.
B.
C.
D.
6 HOOCCOOH(aq) + 2 MnO4–(aq) + 5 H+(aq) → 10 Mn2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) + 8 CO2(g)
5 HOOCCOOH(aq) + 2 MnO4–(aq) + 6 H+(aq) → 2 Mn2+(aq) + 8 H2O(l) + 10 CO2(g)
2 HOOCCOOH(aq) + 5 MnO4–(aq) + 6 H+(aq) → 2 Mn2+(aq) + 10H2O(l) + 8 CO2(g)
HOOCCOOH(aq) + MnO4–(aq) + 16 H+(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 2CO2(g)
Numerical Response
5. The concentration of oxalic acid in the sample used in the titration, expressed in scientific
notation, is a.bc 10–d mol/L. The values of a, b, c, and d are ______, ______, ______, and ______.
(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
__OCl–(aq) + __I–(aq) + __H+(aq)
__I2(aq) + __Cl–(aq) + __H2O(l)
16. When the equation above is balanced under acidic conditions, the whole number coefficient for
H+(aq) is ___i___ and the amount of electrons transferred is ___ii___ .
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
2
2
1
1
ii
2 mol
1 mol
2 mol
1 mol
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Numerical Response
6. Identify the part of the electrochemical cell, as numbered above, that corresponds to
the terms listed below.
Anode
_______ (Record in the first column)
Cathode
_______ (Record in the second column)
Oxidizing agent
_______ (Record in the third column)
External electron circuit _______ (Record in the fourth column)
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section.)
17. An electrolytic cell differs from a voltaic cell in that the electrolytic cell
A.
B.
C.
D.
is spontaneous
consumes electricity
has an anode and a cathode
has a positive E°net value
Use the following information to answer the next question.
18. The reduction half-reaction that occurs during the operation of the electrochemical cell
represented in the diagram above is ___i___ , and this reaction occurs at the ___ii___ .
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
Cu2+(aq) + 2 e– → Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq) + 2 e– → Cu(s)
Zn2+(aq) + 2 e– → Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq) + 2 e– → Zn(s)
ii
anode
cathode
anode
cathode
Use the following information to answer the next question.
A student constructed two standard electrochemical cells using Pb2+(aq) and Ni2+(aq). In both cells a Pb(s)
electrode was placed in the Pb2+(aq) solution. In the first cell a Ni(s) electrode was placed in the Ni2+(aq)
solution. In the second cell an inert C(s) electrode was placed in the Ni2+(aq) solution instead of the Ni(s)
electrode.
19. Which of the following statements describes what occurs in each cell?
A. In both cells a spontaneous reaction occurs and Pb(s) is produced.
B. In both cells a power source is needed.
C. In the first cell the reaction is spontaneous, and in the second cell the reaction is
nonspontaneous.
D. In the first cell Ni(s) is produced, and in the second cell a power source is needed.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
During the operation of a NiCad battery, the two half-reactions that occur are
I
II
Cd(s) + 2OH–(aq) → Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e–
NiO2(s) + 2H2O(l) + 2e– → Ni(OH)2(s) + 2OH–(aq)
E°r = ? V
E°r = –0.49 V
On discharging, the electrical potential of a NiCad battery is +1.40 V
Numerical Response
7. The reduction potential for half-reaction I is –__________ V.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section.)
20. If the Cu2+(aq) / Cu(s) reduction half-reaction was assigned a reduction potential value of
0.00 V for an electrode potential table, then the Ni2+(aq) / Ni(s) half-reaction on that table
would have a reduction potential value of
A.
B.
C.
D.
+0.26 V
+0.08 V
–0.26 V
–0.60 V
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
A chromium electroplating cell needs to operate at a current of 2000 A to plate 112 g of
chromium onto a car bumper.
Numerical Response
8. In order to plate the bumper, the number of moles of chromium (II) ions that must
react in the cell is __________ mol.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section.)
Use your recorded answer for Numerical Response 8 to answer Multiple Choice 21.
21. In order to plate the bumper, the cell must operate for
A.
B.
C.
D.
208 min.
104 min.
3.46 min.
1.73 min.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Sacrificial metals may be used to protect pipelines, septic tanks, and ship propellers.
22. A metal that could be used as a sacrificial anode to protect iron is
A.
B.
C.
D.
magnesium
silver
lead
tin
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells have been used for years in spacecraft and more recently in smallscale power plants to generate electricity. Now, some governments and companies are working
together to perfect this type of fuel cell for automobile use, and experiments are currently being
conducted with operational prototypes. A diagram of a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell is shown
below.
23. From an ecological perspective, a reason why hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells should not be used to
power automobiles is that
A. hydrogen fuel can be produced through the electrolysis of seawater by using the energy
produced from burning fossil fuels
B. cars powered by a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell would be up to 30 more efficient than cars
powered by gasoline
C. water vapour is the primary by-product of the cell
D. oxygen is readily available from the atmosphere
24. Which of the following chemical compounds is not considered an organic compound?
A.
B.
C.
D.
C2H5COOCH3(l)
C6H5COOH(s)
CH3CH2OH(l)
NH4CN(s)
25. The correct IUPAC name for the following compound is ___i___ and it can be classified as a/n
___ii___ hydrocarbon.
CH3
‫׀‬
CH2 = CH – C – CH2 – CH3
‫׀‬
CH3
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
3,3-dimethylpent-4-ene
3,3-dimethylpent-1-ene
3-ethyl-3-methylbutene
propylpent-4-yne
ii
saturated
unsaturated
saturated
unsaturated
Use the following information to answer the next question.
26. Which of the structural diagrams numbered above represent isomers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
I and II
I and IV
II and III
III and IV
Use the following information to answer the next question.
CH3
CH3
‫׀‬
‫׀‬
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – C – CH2 – C – CH3
‫׀‬
‫׀‬
Br
Br
Numerical Response
9. The above compound is named ___, ___-dibromo-___, ___-dimethyloctane:
(Record your four-digit answer).
Use the following information to answer the next question.
The structural diagram of the active ingredient in many pain-relief medications is shown below.
27. The structural diagram above represents an ___i___ compound that contains a ___ii___ and an
___iii___ functional group.
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
aliphatic
aromatic
aromatic
aliphatic
ii
carboxyl
carboxyl
hydroxyl
hydroxyl
iii
alkene
alkene
ester
ester
28. Which of the following alcohols has the highest boiling point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
An economically important reaction involving the fossil fuel propane is represented by the
following equation.
C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
29. During this ___i___ reaction, energy is ___ii___ the surroundings.
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
combustion
combustion
elimination
elimination
ii
released to
absorbed from
released to
absorbed from
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Common Organic Reactions
1
2
3
4
C2H5OH(l) → C2H4(g) + H2O(l)
C6H6(l) + Cl2(l) → C6H5Cl(l) + HCl(g)
C3H6(g) + H2(g) → C3H8(g)
CH3CH2COOH(l) + CH3OH(l) → CH3CH2COOCH3(l) + H2O(l)
Numerical Response
10. Match each equation representing the reactions numbered above with the type of below reaction
it exemplifies below.
Addition
Substitution
Elimination
Esterificaton
__________
__________
__________
__________
(Record in the first column)
(Record in the second column)
(Record in the third column)
(Record in the fourth column)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
The plastic used in packaging film and bottles is produced in a two-step reaction from petroleum. Its
manufacture can be represented as follows:
Step 1
catalyst
 CH2 = CH2
CnH2n+2 
Step 2
catalyst
 … CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – …
CH2 = CH2 
30. The process shown in Step 1 is known as ___i___, while the reaction shown in Step 2 occurs
by ___ii___.
The statement above is completed by the information in row
Row
A.
B.
C.
D.
i
cracking
cracking
reforming
reforming
ii
condensation polymerization
addition polymerization
condensation polymerization
addition polymerization
31. A chemical equilibrium system is always characterized by
A.
B.
C.
D.
the presence of equal amounts of reactants and products
the completion of a chemical reaction when changes cease to occur
equal amounts of reactants and products entering and being removed from the system
the conversion of reactants to products occurring at the same rate as the conversion of
products to reactants
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
Nitrogen monoxide, an atmospheric pollutant, forms in automobile engines. The equilibrium law
expression is:
Kc 
[NO(g)]2
[N 2 (g)] [O2 (g)]
32. The reaction described by this equilibrium is
A.
B.
C.
D.
NO(g)
N2(g) + O2(g)
N2(g) + O2(g)
NO(g)
N2(g) + O2(g)
2 NO(g)
2 NO(g)
N2(g) + O2(g)
33. Under certain conditions, the Kc is 650. Initially, a 50 L gas tank contains 10 mol each of N2(g)
and O2(g). Calculate the equilibrium concentration of NO(g).
A.
B.
C.
D.
19 mol/L
9.3 mol/L
0.37 mol/L
0.19 mol/L
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Some toothpastes contain sodium bicarbonate. Acid in the saliva reacts with the sodium
bicarbonate according to the equilibrium equation:
HCO3–(aq) + H3O+(aq)
2 H2O(l) + CO2(g)
34. In the reaction represented above, the amount of CO2(g) produced could be increased by
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreasing the volume in order to increase the pressure
increasing the H3O+(aq) concentration
adding a catalyst
raising the pH
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Manipulations of an Equilibrium System
CH4(g) + H2O(g) + heat
CO(g) + 3 H2(g)
Stresses
1
2
3
4
Addition of heat
Addition of neon while a constant volume is maintained
Addition of hydrogen
Pressure increased by decreasing the volume
Numerical Response
11. Match each of the stresses identified above with the letter on the graph that
indicates the time at which the stress was applied.
Stress applied: _____ _____ _____ _____
Time: W
X
Y
Z
(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)
Numerical Response
12. The concentration of H3O+(aq) ions in a bottle of wine is 3.2  10– 4 mol/L. The pH
of this wine is ____________.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical response section of your answer sheet.)
Use the following information to answer the next question.
HSO4–(aq) + HCOO–(aq)
1
2
HCOOH(aq) + SO42–(aq)
3
4
Numerical Response
13. Match each acid or base in the forward reaction, as numbered above, with the corresponding
term below.
acid
conjugate base
base
conjugate acid
__________
__________
__________
__________
(Record in the first column)
(Record in the second column)
(Record in the third column)
(Record in the fourth column)
35. An equilibrium that would favour the products is
A. NH4+(aq) + H2PO4–(aq)
B. HCN(aq) + HS–(aq)
NH3(aq) + H3PO4(aq)
CN–(aq) + H2S(aq)
C. HSO4–(aq) + HSO3–(aq)
H2SO3(aq) + SO42–(aq)
D. HF(aq) + HCO3–(aq)
F–(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
Use the following equation to answer the next two questions.
HNO2(aq) + H2BO3–(aq)
NO2–(aq) + H3BO3(aq)
36. The amphiprotic species in the reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.
H2BO3–(aq)
H3BO3(aq)
HNO2(aq)
NO2–(aq)
37. A 0.100 mol/L propanoic acid solution, C2H5COOH(aq), has a pH of 2.95. From
these data, the Kb for the propanoate ion, C2H5COO–(aq) is
A.
B.
C.
D.
1.1 × 10–3
1.3 × 10–5
7.9 × 10–10
8.7 × 10–12
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
Municipal swimming pool water is treated with chlorine compounds that have the ability to kill
harmful bacteria. To assure safe, appropriate levels of these chlorine compounds, a pH range of
7.2 to 7.8 is essential. Within this pH range, the equilibrium:
H2O(l) + HOCl(aq)
H3O+(aq) + OCl–(aq)
maintains approximately equal concentrations of HOCl(aq) and OCl–(aq).
38. Samples of pool water were tested with several acid-base indicators. The results are shown in
the following table:
Indicator
thymolphthalein
phenol red
phenolphthalein
Colour
colourless
red
light pink
The pH of this pool water is approximately
A.
B.
C.
D.
7.0
8.7
10.1
13.5
Numerical Response
14. The pH of a sample of 0.020 mol/L HOCl(aq) used in treating pool water is
________.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical response section of your answer sheet.)
Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
A student sketched a titration curve based on data collected during a reaction between
0.050 mol/L NaOH(aq) titrant and a 25.0 mL sample of an acid.
39. The most suitable indicator to identify the equivalence point of the second reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.
methyl red
methyl orange
indigo carmine
phenolphthalein
40. The possible identity of the acid that was titrated by NaOH(aq) in the graph above is
A.
B.
C.
D.
HOOCCOOH(aq)
H3PO4(aq)
HNO3(aq)
HF(aq)
41. Which of the following diagrams represents the titration of a strong acid with
a strong base?
Use the following information to answer the next question.
Acid-base reactions are critical to maintaining equilibrium within the human body. Orange juice
contains sufficient hydronium ions to kill a human if blood were not buffered. A constant pH is
maintained by the H2PO4–(aq) / HPO42–(aq) buffer system in response to addition of acids like
orange juice.
42. The most likely reaction between this buffer system and the H3O+(aq) ions in an
orange juice solution is
A.
B.
C.
D.
H3O+(aq) + HPO42–(aq)
H3O+(aq) + H2PO4–(aq)
H3O+(aq) + HPO42–(aq)
H3O+(aq) + H2PO4–(aq)
H3PO4(aq) + HOH(l)
H3PO4(aq) + HOH(l)
H2PO4–(aq) + HOH(l)
HPO42–(aq) + HOH(l)