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c and e vocab review sheet
Answer the questions using the bulleted vocabulary.
vocab review sheet
Unit 1 Principles
Conflict over governmental power often leads to change.
Need for Government/Governmental Systems (C&G 2.5, C&G 4.1)
1. Who has the power? (compare government structures and citizen rights in each)
 Democracy
 Oligarchy
 Authoritarian
 Anarchy
 Other(s)
Causes of the American Revolution (C&G 1.1, C&G 4.2)
2. Why were the Americans mad?
3. How did tension over authority lead to democracy?
 Salutary Neglect
 Mercantilism
 Taxation without Representation
 Boycott/Protest
 Founding Fathers
 Declaration of Independence (with Natural Rights, Consent of Governed)
Philosophical Ideas (C&G 1.2, ?3.7?)
4. How did the Enlightenment classical theory of government affect the founding documents(D of I, US
Constitution, B of R)?
5. How did America’s national identity derive from the principles of the founding documents?
 Magna Carta
 Social Contract
 Natural Rights
 Locke, Montesquieu
Articles of Confederation (C&G 1.1) Where was the power?
 Principles (Weaknesses, Lack of Central Authority, Self Government etc)
Constitution (Brief Overview) (C&G 1.3, C&G 1.4, C&G 1.5, C&G 4.2)
6. How was power controlled?
7. How did disagreements over power between Federalists and Anti-Federalists shape the US government?
8. How do the principles of democracy promote freedom?
9. How do the principles of American politics maintain democracy?
10. How has the US Constitution, a ‘living Constitution’ been interpreted and applied through time?
 Federalists vs. Antifederalists
 Bill of Rights (introduction as related Antifederalists)
 Authority of Government
 Principles (Separation of Powers, Rule of Law, Checks and Balances, Limited Government, Consent of the
Governed)
 Article Titles – Article I, Article II, Article III, Article IV, Article V, Article VI, Article VII
 Constitutional Compromises
 the Great Compromise, the 3/5s Compromise, the Electoral College
Unit 2 Structure & Function of Federalism (Focus on checks and balances) attempt to balance authority
Federal Government (C&G 2.1, C&G 2.2, C&G 2.4, C&G 2.6, C&G 5.4)
11. How is power controlled?
12. How do the structures of the national, state and local governments protect citizens?
 Legislative Branch (optional Bill to Law C&G 3.2)
 expressed, enumerated powers, implied powers, reserved powers, concurrent powers
 Congress, the House of Representatives, Speaker of the House, the Senate, the President Pro
Tempore, Majority Leader
 checks and balances  Executive Branch (optional Government Agencies C&G 3.5, C&G 5.3, PFL 2.1)
 executive departments and the bureaucracy, regulations
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c and e vocab review sheet
Answer the questions using the bulleted vocabulary.
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Head of State, Economic Leader, Legislative Leader, Party Leader, Chief Executive, Chief
Diplomat, Commander in Chief
checks and balances Judicial Branch (include Marbury v Madison)
 Marbury v Madison, judicial review,
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9 Supreme Court justices,
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original and appellate jurisdiction
 checks and balances -
State Government (C&G 2.1, C&G 2.2, C&G 2.4, C&G 2.6)
13. How is power controlled?
14. What is the function of the NC and local governments in the federal system of government?
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Legislative – the General Assembly = the House of Representative + the Senate, statute
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Executive – the Governor, the Council of State, the Cabinet, regulations
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Judicial – state trial courts (NC District Court, NC Superior Court), NC Court of Appeals, NC Supreme
Court, appellate jurisdiction
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checks and balances
Local Government (C&G 2.1, C&G 2.2, C&G 2.4, C&G 2.6)
15. What are the checks and balances?
 Legislative – county commissioners and manager and municipal council and manager
 Executive – mayor, sheriff, police, ordinance
 checks and balances
US v NC Constitution (C&G 2.4)
16. What are the checks and balances?
17. What authority do US, NC and local government have over individuals’ rights and privileges?
18. How do government responses to contemporary issues promote the public interest and general welfare?
19. What is the adversarial nature of the judicial process?
 Organization and Powers (Expressed, Implied, Enumerated, Reserved)
 Supremacy Clause – Article VI
 Full Faith and Credit – Article IV
 compare the US and the NC Constitution
 compare the US Congress and the NC General Assembly
 compare the US Executive branch and the NC Executive branch
 compare the US Judicial branch and the NC Judicial branch
Unit 3 Resolving Conflict Governments implement various resolutions in response to conflict.
Public Opinion (C&G 3.6)
20. What influence does public opinion have?
21. What are opposing arguments on major issues (domestic and foreign policies- health care, education,
immigration, business regulation, foreign aid, intervention abroad) and how are they resolved?
 Public Opinion
 special interest groups, PACs, Lobbyists
 Mass Media
Political Parties (C&G 2.7, C&G 2.8, C&G 5.5)
22. How do political parties resolve conflict?
23. How do political parties represent public opinion?
24. What is the role of political parties in US politics?
 2 Party System
 Third Parties
 Party Platforms
Elections (C&G 5.1)
25. How do elections resolve conflict?
26. What checks and balances are part of the election process?
 Voting
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c and e vocab review sheet
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Answer the questions using the bulleted vocabulary.
Election Process (Primary Elections, National Convention, General Election, Electoral College)
propaganda – glittering generalities, mudslinging, endorsement, symbolism, stacked cards, bandwagon
Legislative Process (C&G 3.2, C&G 5.4)
27. How does the legislative process resolve conflict (different steps)?
28. What are the major differences between lawmaking at the federal, state and local government levels?
29. How are laws influenced by political parties, constituents, interest groups, lobbyists, the media, public
opinion…?
 Bill to Law – standing committees, conference committees, Speaker, Majority Leader, seniority, majority party,
filibuster and cloture, lobbyists and special interests, public opinion, advocacy
 Compromise between Parties
Government Agencies (C&G 3.5, C&G 5.3)
30. What is the most effective way for government to respond to conflict?
31. How do state and local government agencies balance interests and resolve conflicts?
32. How are conflicts between constitutional provisions and the requirements of foreign policy resolved (war and
conflict, treaties…)?
 Federal Agencies and executive departments
 State Agencies – council of state and the cabinet
 Local Agencies – zoning boards, local courts
Unit 4 Citizenship Individuals can demonstrate national identity by fulfilling duties and responsibilities.
Duties and Responsibilities (C&G 4.3, C&G 4.5)
33. What is unique about US duties and responsibilities?
34. What is the proper role of the citizen in NC and the US?
35. What is the obligation of the citizen to subordinate personal interests to the good of the nation and/or
36. What are the changing perceptions and interpretations of citizenship and naturalization?
 Duties (Attend school, obey laws, selective service, serve in court, pay taxes)
 Responsibilities (Voting, being informed, volunteering, giving to charity, respecting diversity)
 Naturalization vs natural born
state?
Bill of Rights / Amendments (C&G 2.3, C&G 2.6, C&G 2.7, C&G 3.8)
37. How do the Bill of Rights and other amendment reflect a unique US national identity?
 Amendments 1-10
 Amendments 11-27
 Suffrage Amendments: 15, 19, 23, 24, 26
Court Cases (C&G 2.3, C&G 2.6, C&G 3.8, C&G 4.4, C&G 4.5)
38. How has the Supreme Court affected the unique US national identity?
 Supremacy Clause- Marbury v Madison
 1st Amendment court cases – Reynolds v US, Tinker v Des Moines, Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier, Bethel v Fraiser, Morse
v. Frederick, Engel v Vitale, Abbington v Schemp, Wisconsin v Yoder, Texas v Johnson, Citizen’s United v Federal
Election Comission
 4th Amendment – NJ v TLO, Mapp v Ohio,
 5th Amendment – Miranda v Arizona, In Re Gault
 6th – Gideon v Wainwright
 8th – Gregg v Georgia, Furman v Georgia
 9th – Roe v Wade
 14th – Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education, Korematsu v US, Regents v Bakke, Swann v CMS
 Art 1 - Heart of Atlanta v US, Gibbons v Ogden
 Art 2 – Nixon v US, Bush v Gore
 Art 6 – McCulloch v Maryland
Unit 5 Law and You Laws are often created to ensure the rights and protections of individuals.
Need For Laws (C&G 3.1, C&G 3.2, C&G 3.3, C&G 3.8)
39. How do laws protect individuals?
40. How do laws relate to the social contract?
41. How does the rule of law limit the governed and the government while upholding equal protection under the law?
42. Who has the authority to create laws?
43. How are laws enforced?
c and e vocab review sheet
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Answer the questions using the bulleted vocabulary.
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Due Process
Equal Protection
Amendment Implementation
Private Property
Rule of Law
Social Contract
Types of Law (C&G 3.4)
44. How do different types of laws protect individual rights?
45. How is equal protection under the law reflected in jurisdiction and methods of law enforecement, as well as in the
consequences of non compliance with the law (Dept of Justice, regulatory commissions, FIB, SBI, magistrate, state
troopers, sheriff, city police…)?
 Criminal
 Civil
 Constitutional
 Administrative- Executive
 Statutory- Legislative
 Common- Judicial
 International
Rights of Accused (C&G 2.6, C&G 3.7)
46. How are the rights of the accused protected?
47. How are individual rights protected? How well?
48. How is the right to due process guaranteed?
49. How does a democratic government uphold the rights of individuals?
 Habeas Corpus
 Bills of Attainder
 Ex Post Facto
 Presumption of Innocence
 Burden of Proof
 Trial by Jury
 Right to Counsel
 Self-Incrimination
 Double Jeopardy
 Appeals Process
 Plea Bargaining
 Adversarial System
Unit 6 Free Market and Role of Government. The existence of competition in a free market economy ensures individual
choice.
50. How does a government protect a free market economy?
Scarcity (E1.1, E1.4)
51. How do individuals and governments utilize scarce resources?
 Trade Off/Opportunity Costs
 Factors of Production
 Economic Questions
Economic Systems (E1.1)
 Types of Economies – traditional, command, free market, mixed
Market Economy (E1.2)
52. What are the economic characteristics and their importance to a market economy?
53. How do incentives and profits influence what is produced and distributed in a market economy?
54. What is the role of banks, labor unions, federal reserve, non profit organizations and cooperatives, Wall Street… in
the US economy?
 Characteristics
 Business organizations – sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation
Supply and Demand (E1.3)
c and e vocab review sheet
Answer the questions using the bulleted vocabulary.
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55. How is individual choice ensured?
56. How do supply and demand determine equilibrium price and quantity produced?
 Law of Demand
 Law of Supply
 Surplus, Shortage, Equilibrium
Competition (E1.5)
57. How do market structures affect decisions made in a market economy?
 Types of Competition – monopoly, oligopoly, market/monopolistic competition
Role of Government (E1.6, E3.1, E3.2, E3.3)
58. ?What are national, state and local economic activities (resources, wages, production, employment…)?
CE.E1.6
59. What are the basic macroeconomic indicators and how do they vary over a business cycle?
60. How do fiscal policy and monetary policy influence overall levels of employment, interest rates, production, price
level and economic growth?
 Role of Government at different levels (stimulating, incentives, etc.)
 Business Cycle – trough, expansion, peak, contraction
 Fiscal Policy – tax and spend
 Labor
Unit 7 Trade Interdependence among nations often leads to globalization.
Balance of Trade (E2.1, E2.2)
61. What are the basic concepts of trade?
62. How do nations specialize and become interdependent through trade?
63. What is the impact of government policies on international trade?
64. What is the role of NC and the US in the world economy (furniture industry, tourism, fishing…)?
 Benefits of free trade and protectionism
 Imports, Exports
 Deficit, Surplus
 Comparative Advantage
 Absolute Advantage
 Specialization
Role of Government (E2.3, E2.4)
65. How has interdependence led to globalization?
66. How extensive is globalization?
 US and NC in World Economy
 Protect Domestic Industry
 Tariff, Embargo, Sanctions
 Trade Organizations (WTO, EU, NAFTA, CAFTA, SEATO, IMF, World Bank)
Unit 8 Personal Financial Literacy Awareness of financial responsibility and risk often leads to sound decision making.
Personal Financial Planning and Goals (PFL 1.1, PFL 1.2)
67. How can a fiscally responsible individual create and manage a personal budget that includes income, taxes, gross
and net pay, giving, fixed and variable expenses and retirement?
68. How do education, income, career, and life choices affect an individual’s financial plan and goals?
 Education (Community College/University/Military), Job/Career, Wages/Income
 Budget (Gross vs. Net Pay, Mortgage/Rent, Automobile Payment, Automobile Insurance, Health Insurance, Social
Security, Taxes, Discretionary Income- Cell Phone, Internet, Food, Clothing, Entertainment, etc.)
Investing (PFL 1.3, PFL 1.5, PFL 1.6 PFL 2.4)
69. What are the benefits and consequences of various types of insurance and estate planning?
70. Which investment strategies best build wealth?
71. What are the tax implications of different investment strategies?
72. How do fiscally responsible individuals save and invest to meet financial goals?
73. How can a checking and savings account contribute to financial well being?
 Banking Institutions (Credit Union vs. Commercial Bank; Local Bank vs. National/Regional Bank; personal service,
convenience, fees, benefits)
c and e vocab review sheet
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Answer the questions using the bulleted vocabulary.
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Accounts (Checking, Savings, Money Market, CDs, Debit Card)
Retirement (Estate Planning, IRA, 401k, 403b, Long Term Care Insurance, Life Insurance- Whole vs. Term, benefits
to each such as whole can be borrowed against and builds value while term is only good during a specific time and
does not build value)
Other Investments (Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc.)
Credit (PFL 1.4, PFL 2.1)
74. How do debt management and creditworthiness affect an individual’s ability to become a responsible consumer and
borrower?
 Loans (Fixed/Prime vs. Variable/Subprime/Adjustable Rates,
 Credit Card (Interest Rate, Minimum Payment vs. Payoff Amount, FICO Credit Score, 3 Credit Reporting Agencies,
build credit)
 Good Credit vs. Bad Credit
Consumer Protection (PFL 2.1, PFL 2.2, PFL 2.3, PFL 2.5)
75. How can a consumer best make sound financial decisions?
76. How can individuals resolve consumer conflicts?
77. How can consumers best protect themselves from fraudulent and deceptive practices?
78. What are various types of fraudulent solicitations and business practices?
79. How do consumer protection laws and government regulations empower individuals?
 Identity Protection (Identity Theft, Social Security Card, Internet Banking/Payment, Online/Phone/Mail Scams,
Protect Banking Information)
 Investment Scams/Fraud (Ponzi Schemes, Online/Phone/Mail Scams)
 Internet fraud
 Protection (Executive Agencies such as FTC, SEC, FDIC/NCUA)
 Resolving Consumer Conflict (BBB, State Attorney General, State Secretary of State)