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Buddhism World History/Napp “Buddhism developed out of the same period of religious questioning that shaped modern Hinduism and Jainism. The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, was born into a noble family that lived in Kapilavastu, in the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal. According to Buddhist legend, the baby exhibited the marks of a great man. A prophecy indicated that if the child stayed at home he was destined to become a world ruler. If the child left home, however, he would become a universal spiritual leader. To make sure the boy would be a great king and world ruler; his father isolated him in his palace. Separated from the world, Siddhartha married and had a son. Siddhartha never ceased thinking about the world that lay outside, which he had never seen. When he was 29, he ventured outside the palace four times. First he saw an old man, next a sick man, then a corpse, and finally a wandering holy man who seemed at peace with himself. Siddhartha understood these events to mean that every living thing experiences old age, sickness, and death and that only a religious life offers a refuge from this inevitable suffering. Siddhartha decided to spend his life searching for religious truth and an end to life’s suffering. So, soon after learning of his son’s birth, he left the palace. Siddhartha wandered through the forests of India for six years seeking enlightenment, or wisdom. He tried many ways of reaching an enlightened state. He first debated with other religious seekers. Then he fasted, eating only six grains of rice a day. Yet none of these methods brought him to the truth, and he continued to suffer. Finally, he sat in meditation under a large fig tree. After 49 days of meditation, he achieved an understanding of the cause of suffering in this world. From then on, he was known as the Buddha, meaning “the enlightened one.” The Buddha preached his first sermon to five companions who had accompanied him on his wanderings. That first sermon became a landmark in the history of the world’s religions. In it, he laid out the four main ideas that he had come to understand in his enlightenment. He called those ideas the Four Noble Truths.” ~ World History Identify and explain the following terms: Siddhartha Gautama The Four Sights Enlightenment Meditation Buddha The Four Noble Truths The Eightfold Path - The Eightfold Path, a guide to behavior, was like a staircase. Comparison - As in Hinduism, the Buddha accepted the idea of reincarnation Society - The five disciples who heard the Buddha’s first sermon were the - For the Buddha, first monks admitted those who were - He also accepted a to the sangha, or seeking enlightenment cyclical, or Buddhist religious had to master one step repetitive, view of order at a time history, where the world is created - At first, the sangha - Most often, this and destroyed over was a community of mastery would occur and over again Buddhist monks and over many lifetimes nuns; however, - However, the sangha eventually - Right View Buddha rejected referred to the entire - Right Resolve the many gods of religious community - Right Speech, Hinduism - Right Conduct - The religious - Right Livelihood - Instead, he taught community, - Right Effort a way of together with the - Right Mindfulness enlightenment Buddha and the - Right Concentration dharma (Buddhist - Like many of his doctrine or By following the time, the Buddha teachings), make up Eightfold Path, reacted against the the “Three Jewels” anyone could reach privileges of the of Buddhism nirvana, the Buddha’s Brahmin priests, word for release from and thus he - The Buddha selfishness and pain rejected the caste reluctantly admitted system women to religious - Nirvana is the end of orders suffering, the end of - The final goals of reincarnation both religions – He feared, however, moksha for Hindus that women’s - Buddhists are and nirvana for presence would encouraged to follow Buddhists – are distract men from the “Middle Path” – similar their religious duties to avoid extremes - Both involve a - Monks and nuns - To avoid asceticism perfect state of took vows (solemn or strict denial and to understanding and promises) to live a avoid extreme a break from the life of poverty, to be indulgence, to be in chain of nonviolent, and not the middle reincarnations to marry India - During the centuries following the Buddha’s death, missionaries were able to spread his faith over large parts of Asia - Buddhist missionaries went to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia in the third century B.C. - Buddhist ideas also traveled along Central Asian trade routes to China - However, Buddhism never gained a significant foothold in India, the country of its origin - Several theories exist about Buddhism’s gradual disappearance in India - One theory states that Hinduism simply absorbed Buddhism - Despite the small number of Buddhists in India, the region has always been an important place of pilgrimages for Buddhists For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance. • Siddhartha Gautama • Enlightenment • Nirvana Trade and Ideas “As important as missionaries were to the spread of Buddhism, traders played an even more crucial role in this process. Along with their products, traders carried Buddhism beyond India to Sri Lanka. Buddhist religion was also brought southeast along trade routes to Burma, Thailand, and the island of Sumatra. Likewise, Buddhism followed the Central Asian trade routes, called the Silk Roads, all the way to China. From China, Buddhism spread to Korea – and from Korea to Japan. The movement of trade thus succeeded in making Buddhism the most widespread religion of East Asia. Throughout human history, trade has been a powerful force for the spread of ideas.” ~ World History - What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism? - How did Buddhism spread? - How might the belief in reincarnation provide a form of social control? -How did the experiences of Siddhartha Gautama influence his religious and ethical beliefs? Write a brief biography of his life. Include family background, accomplishments, and a list of his beliefs. “According to Buddhist tradition, Siddhartha Gautama’s mother had dreamt of a beautiful elephant that was bright as silver. When asked to interpret the dream, Brahmin priests declared that the child to be born would either be a great monarch or a Buddha (an enlightened one). Tradition also relates that at Gautama’s birth, he exhibited the signs of a child destined for greatness. There were 32 such signs, including golden-tinged skin, webbed fingers and toes, a knob on the top of his skull, a long tongue, a tuft of hair between his eyebrows, and a thousand-spoked wheel on each foot. Some images of the Buddha display these traits.” ~ World History The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by (1) following the Ten Commandments (2) worshiping Allah as the one true god (3) learning to give up selfish desire (4) being baptized and confirmed All of the following are steps or actions on the Noble Eightfold Path EXCEPT (1) Right Mindfulness (2) Right Effort (3) Right View (4) Right Movement The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of nirvana are associated with the religion of (1) Islam (2) Jainism (3) Shinto (4) Buddhism Buddhism originated in (1) Japan (2) China (3) India (4) Korea Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of Buddhism? (1) competition and financial success (2) maintaining the caste system and providing education for all people (3) practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires (4) self-determination and democracy The Buddha's first disciples were (1) His wife and child. (2) His five former ascetic companions. (3) The great King Ashoka. (4) Members of the warrior-noble caste. The founder of Buddhism circa 500 B.C. was (1) Guru Nanak (2) Confucius (3) Siddhartha Gautama (4) Abraham The primary goal of Buddhism is (1) Samsara (2) Moksha (3) Heaven (4) Nirvana Unlike Hinduism, Buddhists reject (1) Karma (2) Reincarnation (3) Nirvana (4) Caste All of the following are “truths” of the Four Noble Truths EXCEPT (1) Life has suffering (2) Selfish desire causes suffering (3) Suffering can never end (4) Follow the Noble Eightfold Path Siddhartha’s father prevented him from leaving the palace because he feared (1) That Siddhartha would become a fearsome warrior (2) That Siddhartha would lead a life of pleasure (3) That Siddhartha would give up his princely title and become a religious man (4) That Siddhartha would want a more magnificent palace All of the following are the “Three Jewels of Buddhism” EXCEPT (1) The Sangha (2) The Dharma (3) The Buddha (4) The Land that is India