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THE CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM:
BLOOD, HEART AND CIRCULATION
This heart has been injected such that the circulatory system of the heart is shown. The muscle and epithelial tissue is not
being shown.
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
SPRING SEMESTER 2013-2014
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
2013-2014
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
UNIT OUTCOMES
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
C)
Be able to describe the physical characteristics, the functions, and the formed components of human blood
Be able to describe the structure and function of a red blood cell, including hemoglobin
Be able to describe the basic steps of blood formation (homeopoesis)
Be able to name the major structures of the heart and surrounding the heart. Describe their functions
Be able to describe how the conduction system of the heart creates a rhythmic contraction.
Be able to trace the flow of blood through the heart starting with the vena cava’s and finishing with the aorta.
Explain phases of heart beat and the term “cardiac output”.
D) Be able to describe what each portion of an EKG represents in terms of the cardiac cycle. (EKG lab)
E) Be able to explain how the heart rate is controlled.
F. Be able to tell the differences in structure and function of veins and arteries.
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES:
Wed 4/9 C
Discussion: Characteristics of blood
Lab: Blood packet
HW D.R. # 14.1
Thurs 4/10 A
Discussion: Homeopoesis: formation of blood components
Lab: Components of Blood: packet
Microscope lab: normal blood and blood diseases
HW: D.R. # 14.2
Mon 4/ 14 A
Discussion:
Lab:
Homework:
Location of heart and surrounding structures
Blood Pressure and Stethoscope lab
Read Ch 15.1, Work on lab packet, DR #15.1
Wed 4/16 C
Discussion:
Lab:
Homework:
Conduction system of the heart and EKGs
Packet: Functions of heart structures, EKG lab
Read 15.2, complete EKG lab- web research section
Thurs 4/17 A
Lab:
Homework:
Heart dissection.
Read 15.3, do D.R. # 15.2, complete heart structure’s function
*Mon 4/21 C
Discussion:
Homework:
Cardiac Output and control of heart rate. (Pages 409-415)
D.R. # 15.3, Complete EKG web search. Read Ch 16.1, 16.2
*Tues 4/22 A
Discussion:
Lab:
Homework
Vessels and physiology of blood flow. Pgs. 420-427
Heart dissection last day/ Blood vessel observation lab
DR #16.1 Complete all work in lab packet
*Wed 4/23 A
Test: Cardiovascular System + Cardio Lab Packet due
Mon 4/28
Immune System
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
OBSERVATION OF PIG HEART
Using the directions provided in this lab packet dissect the pig's heart. Identify the structures that are listed
below. From your text pages 400-405, identify the function of each of the structures and fill the information in on
the appropriate space. Each team of two will then bring their heart and their lab sheet to the front table for an
oral quiz. You and your partner will be asked to demonstrate the proper pathway that blood takes through the
heart, naming the structures as you progress. You will also be asked to describe how the heart creates this onedirectional flow.
Structure in Pig
Heart
Left & Right
Ventricle
Left and Right
Atria
Ascending Aorta
&
Pulmonary Trunk
Superior Vena Cava
&
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Veins
Pericardium
Coronary Veins and
Arteries
Papillary Muscle(s)
Ligamentum
Arteriosum
Coronary Sinus
Myocardium
The Structure's Function
Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Chordae Tendineae
Pulmonary Semi
Lunar Valve
Aortic Semi Lunar
Valve
Right or Left
Coronary Artery
Openings
Location of
SA Node
Location of
AV Node
Location of
Bundle of His
Location of
Purkinje Fibers
In the space below describe how the heart maintains a one-directional flow of blood which leads to and from the
lungs and then to the body and back to the heart once again. Explain which areas contain oxygenated blood and
which areas contain deoxygenated blood.
Explain how the coronary circulation provides the heart muscle (myocardium) with necessary nutrients and removes
waste products.
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART
1) Google “EKG”
2) Label each of the segments on the diagram shown below.
3) List each segment below and explain what happens in the heart during each segment.
EKG
Baseline
Beginning of
Heart Beat
P Wave
P-Q Interval
QRS Complex
What occurs to heart during this time and significance
Duration in
seconds
S-T Segment
T Wave
Utilize the WEB for the following section.
Type of EKG
EKG of person suffering from
extreme chest pains (Angina)
EKG of a person who has had a
heart attack.
Coronary Disease
Ventricular Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation
Premature Beats
Diagram of EKG.
Explanation of how EKG is different
from normal EKG.
OBSERVATION OF VESSELS
Read pages Ch 16, pgs 421-425 of the Human Body textbook. Fill in the table below concerning information about
the various types of vessels found in the human cardiovascular system.
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Structure of
the wall
making up the
vessel
Function of
the vessel
Name that
refers to
smaller
vessels of
same type.
None
Diagram of
vessel wall.
In the space below describe how blood is returned to the heart through the venous system after gas exchange
occurs in the capillary
Observe the slides of "artery, vein, and capillary. Diagram a section of the wall of the vein and artery. Label the
parts discussed in the textbook. Next diagram the entire capillary as shown on the slide. Finally diagram an
atherosclerotic artery showing a comparison of the opening or lumen.
Artery
Vein
Capillary
In the space below discuss what causes
atherosclerosis, how it damages the blood vessel,
and what changes it causes in the physiology of the
blood flow. Research information in classroom or
library resources.
Atherosclerosis
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: HEART SELF STUDY SHEET
1) Be able to describe the location of the heart and its surrounding structures.
2) Be able to describe the structural make-up of the heart’s wall.
3) Be able to name and give a function for the structures of the heart as studied in lab.
4) Be able to describe the hearts blood supply and the result of this circulation being obstructed.
5) Be able to trace the flow of blood through the heart. (Lab)
6) Be able to describe how a one directional flow is achieved. (Lab)
7) Describe the role of the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers in creating a rhythmic
contraction of the heart.
8) Describe what is represented by the P, QRS, and T waves of an EKG. Be able to recognize an abnormal EKG
and explain what the print out represents. (Lab)
9) Describe the cardiac cycle which includes the systole and diastole of the atria and ventricles.
10) Be able to explain what the sounds are that you hear through a stethoscope when listening to the
heart.
11) Explain what the cardiac output means and how it relates to stroke volume.
12) Describe the basic structure of arteries and veins including the difference between the two.
13) Explain the structure and function of capillaries.
14) Explain how blood is returned to the heart through the veins of the body.
15) Describe the factors that affect arterial blood pressure: cardiac output, blood volume, and peripheral
resistance.
16) Be able to explain how blood pressure is measured.