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World History II
SOL Review
I.
Emergence of a Global Age, 1500 – 1650 C.E.
Renaissance (Ch. 1.1 & 1.2)
1. The word Renaissance means a “_________________” of ancient Greek and Roman culture.
2. The Renaissance began in the city-states of ________________, but soon spread to northern
________________.
3. Identify the artists whose works are below:
4. Which English writer is best known for his sonnets, plays, and essays?
5. Define: humanism
secularism
6. Which Christian humanist criticized the Catholic Church?
Reformation (Ch. 1.3 & 1.4)
7. What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in the Catholic Church? Use
the diagram on the next page to list at least 4 problems.




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8. Complete the chart about Martin Luther and John Calvin.
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Contribution to the Reformation
X
Views on Salvation
Views on the Bible
X
Other Beliefs
X
9. Why did King Henry VIII of England choose to break with the Catholic Pope?
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10. Read the following information about Queen Elizabeth I:
When Mary Tudor died in 1558, Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne
Boleyn, became queen. After taking the crown, Elizabeth worked to end the religious conflicts
in England. She tolerated (accepted) people with different beliefs and found compromises that
both Catholics and Protestants could accept. She kept many Catholic rituals but followed
Protestant doctrines and allowed English, instead of Latin, to be used in church services.
Elizabeth’s compromise worked well. Because of the peace in her kingdom, she was
able to encourage exploration and colonialism. She also supported the Dutch against Catholic
Spain and encouraged English pirates to raid Spanish ships. In response, Phillip II of Spain
sent a fleet of ships, known as the Spanish Armada, to invade England in 1588. However, the
English, who had faster ships, were able to defeat the Spanish Armada. This was an
important victory, because if the Spanish had won, they would have tried to convert the
English back to Catholicism.
What three decisions is Queen Elizabeth best remembered for making that strengthened England?
1.
2.
3.
11. Why was the Thirty Years’ War fought?
12. Define: Huguenots
Edict of Nantes
13. Explain the three changes that were made by the Counter-Reformation.
Council of Trent
Society of Jesus
Inquisition
14. What was the impact of the printing press in Europe?
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European Expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia (Ch. 2.1, 2.2 & 3.1-3.5)
15. What countries or regions developed and exchanged the following goods and ideas during the
Age of Exploration?
paper, compass, silk, porcelain
textiles, numeral system, medicine, astronomy, mathematics
16. Explain the motivations behind the 3G’s, God-Gold-Glory:
GOD
GOLD
GLORY
17. Complete the chart about these important European explorers:
Explorer
Sponsor
Vasco da Gama
Portugal
Christopher Columbus
Spain
Hernando Cortez
Spain
Francisco Pizarro
Spain
Ferdinand Magellan
Spain
Francis Drake
England
Jacques Cartier
France
Achievements
18. Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
19. How did European missionaries spread Christianity to new lands?
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20. Looking at the image and quote below, explain how the Columbian Exchange both benefited and
harmed the Americas.
“Sugar and rice were grown as cash crops on
plantations in the Americas. The plantations created
a huge demand for labor, which led to the use of
enslaved African laborers. The plantation system
eventually destroyed the economies of the local
peoples in the Caribbean and the Americas and
damaged the environment in many areas.”
Good:
Bad:
Impact of Global Trade on Regional Civilizations (Ch. 2.3 & 2.4)
21. Where was the Mughal Empire located?

Major Religion:

Contributions in architecture:

Important goods traded with Europe:

European nations competing for control:
22. How did China and Japan try to limit foreign influence in their countries?
23. What Chinese goods were in high demand in Europe?
24. Define: shogun
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II.
Age of Revolutions, 1650 – 1914 C.E.
Absolutism, Enlightenment, Reason, and Revolution (Ch. 1.5, 4, 5, 6)
1. Complete the chart about the pioneers of the Scientific Revolution:
Scientist
Discovery

Developed the heliocentric theory

Discovered planetary motion (ellipse)

Used telescope to support heliocentric theory

Formulated the law of gravity

Discovered circulation of blood through heart
2. What was the main focus of the Scientific Revolution, reason or religion?
3. Define: absolute monarch
divine right of kings
4. Complete the chart below about two important absolute monarchs:
Absolute Monarch
Country Ruled
Symbol of Power
France
Palace of Versailles
Peter the Great
Westernization of the country
5. What were the three basic causes of the French Revolution?
1.
2.
3.
6. Describe the following events of the French Revolution and their importance:
Storming of the Bastille
Execution of Louis XVI
Reign of Terror
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Latin American Revolutions (Ch. 3.1 & 8.3)
7. How did the governments in the colonies mirror those of the home countries of Spain and Portugal?
8. Explain how the rigid class structure in the colonies set the stage for later revolutions.
9. Why do so many people living in Latin America
today follow Catholicism?
10. Fill in the chart below to explain how the following Latin American countries gained their
independence after Napoleon overthrew the Spanish monarchy:
Country
Leader of Independence
How Independence was Won
Haiti
Slave revolt against French
Mexico
Creoles led mestizos and Native Americans to
overthrow the Spanish viceroy
Argentina
San Martin (creole) led fight against Spanish;
turned his troops over to Bolivar to continue fighting
in South America
Venezuela
Bolivar (creole) led an uprising against Spanish;
marched troops through the Andes Mountains
Brazil
When Napoleon invaded and the royal family fled,
the Portuguese king left his son, Dom Pedro, to rule
Brazil; he proclaimed independence from Portugal
and crowned himself emperor
Dom Pedro
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11. Read the information below about the Monroe Doctrine.
How did the Monroe Doctrine help Latin American nations maintain their independence?
Politics in 19th Century Europe (Ch. 6.4, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.3, 10.4)
12. What was Napoleon’s ultimate goal for France and Europe?
13. What was the Napoleonic Code?
14. How did Napoleon’s conquests spark feelings of nationalism across Europe?
15. What were the three legacies of the Congress of Vienna?
1.
2.
3.
16. Compare liberalism and conservatism in 19th century Europe:
Liberalism




Synonymous with revolution
Promoted constitutionalism: a government
with limited power that represented the
people
Promoted protection of individual rights
Opposed government intervention in social
and economic affairs (laissez-faire)
Conservatism




Maintain traditional political institutions
Maintain a balance of power in Europe
Supported by landowners, manufacturers,
merchants, and the church
Suppressed freedom of speech, political
opposition, and dissent
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17. Complete the chart about the unification of Italy:
Order of Unification
Region
Leader
1st
Northern Italy
2nd
Southern Italy
18. Explain how unification of the German states was achieved.
Leader of Unification:
Meaning of Realpolitik:
Significance of Franco-Prussian War: War between France and Germany; Germany
became a national state and left France bitter and wanting revenge
The Industrial Revolution and Imperialism (Ch. 8, 9, 11, 12)
19. Explain the reasons the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
20. Complete the chart about the scientific and technological advancements of the time period:
Invention or Discovery
Person
Impact
spinning jenny
James Watt
Increased the demand for slave labor
in the United States
process for making steel
Edward Jenner
People who received the vaccination
lived longer, leading to a growth in
the population
21. Identify the following impacts on industrialized countries as either positive or negative:
population increase
urbanization
standards of living
environmental pollution
improved transportation
increased education
working conditions
growth of middle class
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22. Why did factory owners prefer to hire women and children?
23. What was the purpose of labor unions? How did they accomplish their goals?
24. Define the three common forms of imperialism:
colonies
protectorates
spheres of influence
25. By 1914, which European nations had colonies in Africa?
26. How was the Boer War an example of European conflicts being carried into their colonies?
War between the British and descendants of the Dutch settlers (Boers) in Africa. The Boers
resented British colonial policies and wanted independence (NOT an African conflict).
27. What motivated European and American imperialism like the examples shown below?
28. Explain how the following are examples of native groups’ resistance to imperialism:
Boxer Rebellion
Indian National Congress
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III.
Era of Global Wars, 1914 – 1945 C.E.
World War I (Ch. 14)
1. Explain each of the MAIN causes of World War I in the chart below:
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
2. Put the following major events of World War I in chronological order:
U.S. enters the war
Russia withdraws from the war
Germany declares war on Russia
Interception of the Zimmerman note
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Armistice is signed
3. Identify the two major world leaders shown below. Include their respective countries.
Name: _________________________________
Name: _________________________________
Country: ________________________________
Country: ________________________________
4. Why did the colonies increase their demands for independence after the war?
5. What happened to the German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires after losing the war?
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6. Provide three additional causes of the Russian Revolution in 1917.
1. Defeat in war with Japan in 1905.
2.
3.
4.
7. Complete the timeline below about Russia’s turn to communism:
November 1917
Bolshevik Revolution
1918-1921
Russian Civil War
1921
New Economic
Policy
1924
Lenin’s Death
Lenin’s “capitalismoriented” policy,
deemed necessary
after the civil war,
to foster the almost
ruined economy
8. Explain how the Treaty of Versailles weakened Germany.
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The Interwar Period (Ch. 15.5 & 16)
9. What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
10. Why did the League of Nations ultimately fail?
11. Describe the mandate system put into place after the Ottoman Empire was broken apart:
Definition
British mandates
French mandates
12. Complete the diagram below for the Great Depression:
Causes:
Effect:
- German reparations
- Expansion and domination of the U.S.
economy
- High tariffs
- Expansion of credit
- Stock Market Crash of 1929
13. Complete the chart below about the major totalitarian dictators during the Interwar Period:
Name
Country
Ideas/Actions
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World War II (Ch. 17)
14. Explain how each cause below contributed to World War II:
15. Put the following major events of World War II in chronological order:
Battle of Britain
Fall of France
D-Day (Allied invasion of Europe)
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
German invasion of Poland
German invasion of the Soviet Union
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
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16. Identify the leaders in each picture below. Then, match the image with the correct description.
A.
____ British Prime Minister
B.
____ Allied commander in Europe
C.
____ U.S. President at war’s start
D.
____ Emperor of Japan
E.
____ U.S. general in the Pacific
F.
____ U.S. President at war’s end
G.
____ Japanese military general
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17. Define: genocide
18. Describe the following examples of genocide in the 20th century:
Holocaust
(Germany)
Armenian genocide
(Ottoman Empire)
Great Purge
(U.S.S.R.)
Cambodian
intellectuals
Hutus v Tutsis
(Rwanda)
19. What were the war crimes trials, held in Nuremberg, Germany and Tokyo, Japan?
20. What was the Marshall Plan?
21. After the war’s end, which two countries emerged as the world’s superpowers?
22. What happened to Germany after World War II?
23. Explain the iron curtain as identified by Winston Churchill.
24. Compare the plans made to rebuild Germany and Japan after the war:
Germany
Japan
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25. What was the purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)?
26. Describe the international organizations created after WWII in the chart below:
International
Organization
Description
United Nations
1945
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
1949
Warsaw Pact
1955
IV.
The Post War Period, 1945 – Present
The Cold War (Ch. 18-21)
1. Identify the two major world leaders at the start of the Cold War. Include each leader’s country.
Name: _________________________________
Name: _________________________________
Country: ________________________________
Country: ________________________________
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2. What was the significance of the Yalta Conference on the growing tensions between the West and
East? Meeting of U.S. (FDR), Great Britain (Churchill), and Soviet Union (Stalin) during WWII.
Purpose: Discuss Europe’s postwar reorganization. Significance: Revealed differing goals and led to
distrust between east and west after WWII.
3. Why were the United States and Soviet Union rivals during the Cold War?
4. Explain the Truman Doctrine and the Policy of Containment.
Truman Doctrine:
Policy of Containment:
5. Describe the significance of the following events of the Cold War in the chart below:
Event
What happened?
Significance
Korean War
Vietnam War
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile
Crisis
Nuclear Arms Race
& Theory of
Deterrence
6. Put the following major causes of the Soviet Union’s collapse in chronological order:
Tearing down of the Berlin Wall
Soviet economic collapse
Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries
Expansion of NATO
Breakup of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev’s policies of glasnost &
perestroika
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7. In the chart below, identify each leader’s country and his/her significance during the Cold War:
Leader
Country
Significance
Mao Zedong
Jiang Jieshi
(Chiang Kai-shek)
Ho Chi Minh
Indira Gandhi
Great Britain


Prime Minister: The “Iron Lady”
Introduced political and economic initiatives to end
recession and to reduce the power and influence of
trade unions

Never led China, but guided his country through farreaching economic reforms after Mao’s death
The “architect” of a new brand of socialist thinking,
combining the Communist Party’s ideology with an
adoption of market economic practices (opening China to
foreign investment, the global market, and limited
private competition)
Margaret Thatcher
Mikhail Gorbachev
China
Deng Xiaoping

Independence Movements (Ch. 15.3, 19)
8. Which European nation colonized India in the 18th century?
9. What were the goals of the Indian National Congress (INC)?
10. Which man emerged as the leader of the INC in the 1920s?
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11. Explain Gandhi’s ideas of nonviolence, passive resistance, and civil disobedience.
12. Why was India divided into two nations – India and Pakistan – when it gained its independence in
1947?
13. Complete the chart below to describe the new Republic of India, the world’s largest democratic
nation:
1st Prime Minister
Type of
Government
Terms of
1950 Constitution
Federal system –
like U.S., gives
many powers to
the states
Sought to prohibit
discrimination
based on the caste
system
Ethnic & Religious
Conflicts
Economic
Development
Recent
developments have
helped ease the
nation’s financial
problems
14. Explain the U.N. charter’s promise of self-determination.
*Only independent African nations during colonization: Liberia and Ethiopia
15. Compare the independence movements of some African nations in the chart below:
West Africa
Kenya
Algeria
South Africa
(Ghana)
Peaceful or
Violent?
Non-Violent
Violent
Leader of
Independence
National
Liberation Front
16. Identify the following leader based on his actions during the Cold War:
Actions during the Cold War

President of Egypt

Nationalized the Suez Canal

Established a relationship with the U.S.S.R.
Name: ___________________________________
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Major Religions in the Contemporary World (pp. 7, 11, 14, 19, 25, 32-33, 42, 401, 805)
17. Describe the characteristics of the five major world religions in the chart below:
Judaism
Islam
Christianity
Buddhism
Hinduism
Founder(s)
Time & Place
of Origin
Followers are
Called
Holy Book(s)
Beliefs about
God
18. List three similarities between the basic beliefs of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.
1.
2.
3.
19. List three similarities between the basic beliefs of Buddhism and Hinduism.
1.
2.
3.
Contemporary Issues (pp. 693-694, 756)
20. Match the following examples of terrorism with their descriptions:
____ Munich Olympics
A. Attack on the U.S. by Osama bin Laden
____ 9/11/2001
B. The attacker knows s/he will die
____ car bombings
C. The unlawful capture of an aircraft by force
____ suicide bombers
D. Israel’s entire Olympic team was killed
____ airline hijackers
E. A vehicle wired to explode on command
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21. How have governments’ responses to terrorism affected peoples’ individual rights?
V.
Geography (Ch. 2, 3, 22; pp. 32-33, 805)
1. Identify the following major states and empires in the 1500s on the map below:
England
France
Spain
Russia
Ottoman Empire
Persia
China
Mughal India
Songhai Empire
Incan Empire
Aztec Empire
Holy Roman Empire
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2. Identify where the major religions – Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism – were
concentrated around 1500 C.E.:
3. Identify where the major religions – Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism – are
concentrated in the world today:
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4. Using the map below, identify the names of the trade patterns linking Europe with Asia and Africa:
____ Silk Road
____ Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean
____ Western European sea and river trade
____ Trans-Saharan trade routes
____ South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia
____ Northern European links with the Black Sea
5. Label the goods that were exchanged along the Triangular Trade on the map below:
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6. What became the new name of the city on the map after the Ottoman Turks overthrew the
Byzantine Empire in 1453?
7. What were the Ottoman Empire’s two major exports?
8. Define: refugee
9. Match the ethnic and/or religious conflict below with the region in which it occurred:
____ Middle East
A. genocide of Croats and Bosnian Muslims
____ Northern Ireland
B. Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia;
Somalia fights a civil war
____ Balkans
C. fighting between Israel and Palestine; ethnic
Kurds face discrimination
____ Horn of Africa
D. conflicts over control of the Kashmir region
____ South Asia
E. Catholics and Protestants fight over
reunification
10. Identify the benefits and concerns that come with new technologies in the chart below:
BENEFITS
Computers and new
forms of communication
(i.e.: the Internet)
Genetic engineering of
agricultural products
(food)




Boost collaboration
Effective writing
Better communication
Education/learning




Privacy/security
Children’s development
Health effects
Environmental effects

Faster, larger, and better
yields (more food)
Resistant to pests and
diseases
Resistant to cold, drought,
poor soil
More nutrients and vitamins
Medical benefits
Potential for discovering
treatments and cures for
diseases
Education about human
growth and cell development
Testing of drugs/medicine
without the use of animal or
human testers

Unforeseen consequences on
the environment
Potential threat to biodiversity
Potential monopoly over food
production
Long-term health effects





Biotechnology
(stem cell research and
cloning of cells)
CONCERNS







Stem cells may not be the
solution for all ailments
Long-term health effects
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VI.
Civics and Economics (Ch. 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 4.3, 5.3, 7.4, 16.2, 21, 22)
1. The export of precious metals (gold and silver) from Spanish colonies to Spain made the country
very rich and powerful. What were some of the negative consequences of this system on Europe
and the indigenous empires of Africa and the Americas?
Good for Spain: Increased economies in colonies and provided great wealth for Spain
Bad for indigenous empires: Empires were exploited for raw materials and labor;
European culture was forced on natives
2. Define: mercantilism
3. How is colonialism linked to this theory of mercantilism?
4. Complete the chart below to explain the evolution of the form of government in England:
English Civil War
Restoration of
Charles II
Key
People
Parliament invited
Charles II back to
England
Major
Events &
Outcomes
Relative peace
Glorious
Revolution
English Bill of Rights
of 1689
5. The Enlightenment was a period when intellectuals moved away from religious-based philosophy
and toward a philosophy based on:
6. Which three founding documents of the U.S. were influenced by Enlightenment philosophers like
Locke and Rousseau?
1.
2.
3.
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7. Identify the book and main idea of the Enlightenment philosophers below:
Book
Main Idea
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
The Social Contract
Voltaire
8. Compare the economic theories of socialism and communism to that of capitalism.
CAPITALISM
Leading Economist(s)
Name of book(s)
SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM
Adam Smith
The Communist Manifesto
Das Kapital
Basic ideas
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9. What quality of life statistics indicate whether a country is developed or still developing?

Geographic locations

Economic conditions

Social conditions (literacy, access to healthcare, etc.)

Population size and rate of growth
10. Provide additional examples of challenges facing the 21st century in the chart below:
Environmental Challenges



pollution
Social Challenges





migration
illiteracy
Economic Challenges

unemployment


11. How do free market economies contribute to growing demands for political freedoms and
individual rights?
 Sound economic conditions contribute to a stable democracy, and political freedom
helps foster economic development
 Free market economies produce rising standards of living and an expanding middle
class, which produces growing demands for political freedoms and individual rights
(eg, Taiwan, South Korea)
12. Identify or define the following organizations, all of which are examples of the growing economic
interdependence among world populations.
multinational corporations: MULTI-NATIONAL = an organization that owns or controls
production of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country
European Union: A union of 28 member countries (primarily in Europe) that operate through
negotiated decisions
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): Rules-based trade agreement between
U.S., Mexico, and Canada
World Trade Organization (WTO): Deals with regulation of trade between participating
countries (123 nations)
International Monetary Fund (IMF): An international organization of 188 countries working
to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade,
promote high employment, sustain economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world
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