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SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the Drugs@FDA database (downloaded on March 19, 2014), which lists all regulatory actions by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to determine the number of new drug approvals by year. A new drug approval was defined as the first approval of a new drug application (NDA) for a new molecular entity or for a drug already marketed without an approved NDA. We also considered as a new drug approval the first approval of a biologics license application (BLA). We excluded drugs distributed “over the counter” and duplicate records of the same drugs by using the application number as a unique identifier. We used the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification12 to identify the therapeutic area (oncology or non-oncology) corresponding to the drug indications. A drug can have multiple ATC codes (if multiple indication by example). We defined a drug as being for oncology if at least one corresponding level 2 ATC code was "L01" (i.e., antineoplastic agents) or a level 4 code was “V10X,” which corresponded to three different Iodine 131I compounds. We mapped ATC classifications with our list of new drugs in a three-step strategy: 1. We merged our database with the ATC classification by using international nonproprietary names (we used the variable “activeingred” of the “Product” table, after trimming spaces and lowering cases) and could match 557 of 1,206 unique drugs (46%). 2. For 649 unique drugs without a matching ATC code, we used only the first word of international nonproprietary names because, for example, in the Drugs@FDA database, ZIAGEN is identified as “abacavir, sulfate” but as “abacavir” in the ATC file. However, when the first word was “sodium”, we did not map it to ATC codes because this could lead to mapping different drugs to the same ATC code. In this second step, we matched 489 drugs (75%). 3. For the 160 remaining unique drugs, an investigator (AV) manually checked the drugs to identify oncology-related drugs and drugs not suitable for inclusion (see below). Some of the drugs did not have an ATC code, and others were simply not matched. We also excluded vaccines, diagnostic and contrasting agents by using the following ATC codes or manually for those not having an ATC code. - B05A: blood and related products - J07: vaccines - V04: diagnosis agents - V07A: all other non-therapeutic products - V08: contrast media - V09: diagnosis radiopharmaceuticals - First letter = Q: veterinary products