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Teacher Background for Force, Mass, and Acceleration
TEKS 4D (Expanded) Assess the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, noting the
relationship is independent of the nature of the force, using equipment such as dynamic carts, moving toys,
vehicles, and falling objects.
TEKS
IPC
TEKS 4D
How the TEKS Changed
1998 TEKS
2010–2011 TEKS
4D Calculate speed, momentum, acceleration, work, and power in systems
such as in the human body, moving toys, and machines.
4D Assess the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, noting
the relationship is independent of the nature of the force, using
equipment such as dynamic carts, moving toys, vehicles, and falling
objects.
Unpacking the TEKS
Students explore how force, mass, and acceleration are related as stated in Newton’s second law.
Use TEKS Lesson 4D: Force, Mass, and Acceleration to help students learn about force, mass, and acceleration.
Related Content
2010 TEKS 4D falls under science concept statement 4: The student knows concepts of force and motion evident in everyday life. In this context, students will
come to understand how to describe and measure the motion of an object. In addition, students will learn how an object’s motion is affected by force and the
different types of forces that may act on object.
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Content Refresher
Prior Knowledge
Newton’s second law of motion says that an
object’s acceleration is directly proportional
to the net force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its mass (a  F/m, F  ma).
One application is the measurement of
weight. Weight, W, is a force, while the
gravity, g, is the acceleration (W  mg). On
Earth’s surface, g is approximately 9.8 m/s2.
Content and Vocabulary
Activate Prior Knowledge
Students should have an understanding of the law of conservation
of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
acceleration: the rate at which velocity changes
force: a push or a pull that acts on an object
mass: the amount of matter in an object
In the 1680s, Newton related the laws in his
book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia
Mathematica. He stated that force is
proportional to change in momentum.
Mathematically, this law is F  m  v.
A change in velocity is the same as
acceleration, so this equation became
F  ma.
Show students either models or photos of
a bowling ball, a baseball, and a golf ball.
Ask students what the differences are
between them (size, mass, etc.). Then
challenge students to explain why a golf
ball would be easier to throw than a
bowling ball.
Misconception Alert
Students may hold the misconception that only a moving object can exert force. Stationary objects, such as a stack of books either on a desk or held in a
student’s hands, are examples of objects that exert force even when not in motion.
Covering the TEKS and Their Breakouts:
Students will master TEKS 4D when they read and answer:
Lab Question 4 where they will (4D) assess the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, noting the relationship is independent of the nature of
the force.
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