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Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Words and Terms Requiring Definitions EXPLANATORY NOTES General Description This document lists those words and terms identified to date that require definition so that everyone has a common understanding of what they mean. Purpose: The words and terms included in the list have been identified by the Table or Working Group as requiring definitions to promote a clear and common understanding of terminology. This list is not intended to be exhaustive, nor necessarily complete. Consequently, additions can be made as required by the Table. Please note that some definitions may have and/or require universal application, and some may be dependent upon the specific section or direction being provided. Prepared By: the Process Support Team (PST) prepared this document. Status: This product is provided for information purposes only, and will be used to assist Table and Working Group discussions. Note: Those definitions described as “MoF Definition” were extracted from the Ministry Internet Site: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/PAB/PUBLCTNS/GLOSSARY/GLOSSARY.HTM Those definitions described as “Guidebook Definition” were extracted from the Biodiversity Guidebook of September 1995 Those definitions described as “Writing Guide Definition” were extracted from the Guide to Writing Resource Objectives and Strategies - December, 1998, prepared by the Ministry of Forests in co-operation with the Land Use Co-ordination Office and the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. The PST, as a starting point for further discussion, developed those definitions described as “PST Suggested”. Some were extracted from working group or table discussions. “ Quotations" around entries indicate a phrase, which may not have a formally recognized definition. Summary of Intent: Dictionary definitions for various terms will be used where possible. For those terms not in the dictionary, the PST will provide a suggested definition (sources: FPC, MoF glossary of terms). Working definitions would be useful for the working group discussions. In the absence of further clarification from the working groups on the meanings of words and terms, the definition from the glossary will stand. If definitions or intents have been developed by the working groups for some words and terms (even if only for the purposes of allowing the group to move forward), these will stand unless decided otherwise by the working group, and ultimately the Table. 873999141 1 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Access Suggested definition (submission from Jim Britton): “”physical entry into an area by appropriate means to accomplish a given task.” The means can include: foot; horseback; non-motorized vehicle; motorized vehicle (motorcycle; ATV; quad; car 4x4; pickup truck; dump truck; flatbed truck; low bed truck - trucks typically have a maximum payload of less than 60 tonnes; snowmobile; snow cat); excavator; bulldozer; drill rig (on wheels, tracks or skids); boat (unpowered or powered); or aircraft (helicopter or fixed wing plane with wheels, skis or floats). Adaptive resource management Writing Guide definition: “an approach to managing uncertainty that emphasizes learning by trial. Management policies and practices are adopted, based on best available information, and monitored to assess effects. Adaptations to those policies and practices are made periodically, on the basis of monitoring information to incorporate ‘lessons learned’.” Age Class CORE definition: “any interval into which the age range of trees, forests, stands or forest types is divided for classification and use; forest inventories commonly group trees into 20 year age class groups.” Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) CORE definition: “land designated and reserved for agricultural purposes under the Agricultural Land Commission Act. The reserve covers about 5% of the province and includes most of BC’s highest quality agricultural land. It includes both private and public lands, and covers land being farmed and land with agricultural potential. Non-agricultural uses on the ALR are regulated.” Agro-forestry PST suggested definition: “Agro-forestry is an intensive land management system that optimizes the benefits from the biological interactions created when trees and/or shrubs are deliberately combined with crops and/or animals.“ Allowable Annual Cut (AAC) CORE definition: “a rate of timber harvesting specified for an area of land by the Chief Forester pursuant to the Forest Act. The average volume of wood which may be harvested annually under sustained yield management.” Alpine CORE definition: “the zone in a mountain system which lies above the timberline. Animal Unit Month (AUM) CORE definition: “grazing by one mature, 1000-pound cow, with or without unweaned calf at side, or equivalent (e.g., one two-year old horse or five deer) for one month. Grazing stock rates are often expressed as AUMs per hectare or hectares per AUM. Grazing tenures for ranch operations are issued on the basis of AUMs. Aquatic ecosystem OKLRMP: MELP: any body of water, such as a stream, lake or wetland, and all organisms and non-living components within it, functioning as a system. MoF definition: Aquatic habitat: habitat where a variety of marine or freshwater flora and fauna occur for long periods throughout the year. Examples include tide pools, estuaries, bogs, ponds and potential underwater diving areas. Archaeological sites MoF definition: A location that contains physical evidence of past human activity and that derives its primary documentary and interpretive information through archaeological research techniques. These resources are generally associated with both the pre-contact and post-contact periods in British Columbia. These resources do not necessarily hold direct associations with living communities. Area-based tenure CORE definition: “a class of forest tenure under the Forest Act that is issued by the Ministry of Forests to a tenure holder over a specific geographic area. The tenure holder has rights of exclusive access to timber resources within the geographic area in exchange for commitments such as to manage forest resources and pay resource rents.” Attributes CORE definition: “inherent characteristics or qualities.” 873999141 2 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Available land base Brad Bennett: A measure of the size of the Timber Harvesting Land Base that is readily available for timber harvesting. Some of the key tests required to be "Available Land Base". Avoid OKLRMP: MOF: ”means to refrain from or prevent the occurrence of. There is no explicit test of reasonableness or cost. Most things involving forest practices can be avoided if enough money is spent, but it may not be reasonable.” avoid where practicable OKLRMP: MOF: “to avoid where it is feasible; however, it may not be convenient or the most cost effective option.” avoid where practical OKLRMP: MOF: “to avoid where it makes sense; where a reasonable person would refrain from doing something, and where there is a suitable alternative.” Biodiversity or Biological Diversity MoF definition: “the diversity of plants, animals, and other living organisms in all their forms and levels of organization, including genes, species, ecosystems, and the evolutionary and functional processes that link them” Biodiversity emphasis options Guidebook definition: A range of three options for emphasizing biodiversity at the landscape level. Each option is designed to provide a different level of natural biodiversity and a different risk of losing elements of biodiversity. Biogeoclimatic zone Guidebook definition: “a geographic area having similar patterns of energy flow, vegetation, and soils as a result of a broadly homogenous macro-climate.” Biophysical CORE definition: “the biological and physical characteristics of an area.” Bioregion CORE definition: “a region defined by physiographic, water-drainage, climate, plant-community, or other natural characteristics - rather than political or administrative boundaries. Broad Ecosystem Units (Grizzly bear section) Blue-listed species Writing Guide definition: “species classified by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks as sensitive or vulnerable and therefore “at risk”, but not yet endangered or threatened.” Certainty Dictionary: “freedom from doubt”, “a well established fact” Example: “Provide more certainty in the sand and gravel permitting process…” Clearcutting Guidebook definition: “the process of removing all trees, large and small, in a stand in one cutting operation. The previous stand is replaced with an even-aged crop of new trees through planting and/or natural regeneration (including advance regeneration).” Coarse woody debris (CWD) Guidebook definition:“sound and rotting logs and stumps that provide habitat for plants, animals, and insects and a source of nutrients for soil development. Material generally greater than 8-10 cm in diameter.” Community Watershed Writing Guide definition: “a drainage basin that is managed to provide a domestic water supply to a particular community of users. Such areas may be formally designated as community watersheds pursuant to the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act, which establishes certain management requirements including planning, public participation in decision-making, and pre-development terrain stability assessment.” Compensate Dictionary: “to make up for or offset; counterbalance”, “to provide with or act as a substitute”, “to make payment or reparation to reimburse” . 873999141 3 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Writing Guide Definition: “to neutralize the affect of; to make an approximate and usually counterbalancing payment (syn. offset)” Connectivity Dictionary: “serving or tending to connect”, “something that connects” Writing Guide definition: “a qualitative term describing the degree to which late-successional ecosystems are linked to form an interconnected network. The degree of interconnectedness and the characteristics of the links vary in natural landscapes based on topography and natural disturbance regime. Breakage of these links results in fragmentation” Comment: inclusion of seasonal & elevational aspects Consistency Writing Guide definition: “management objectives in one plan that direct on-the-ground activities do not materially conflict with management objectives in another plan.” Consider Dictionary: “ to think about seriously”, “to regard as”, “to take into account: bear in mind”, “to show consideration for” Writing Guide Definition: “to think about with care or sound state (syn study, weigh, reflect)” Critical wildlife habitat MoF definition: “ part or all of a specific place occupied by a wildlife species or a population of such species and recognized as being essential for the maintenance of the population.” Culturally Modified Tree (CMT) MoF definition: “A CMT is a tree that has been altered by native people as part of their traditional use of the forest. Non-native people also have altered trees, and it is sometimes difficult to determine if an alteration (modification) is of native or non-native origin. There are no reasons why the term "CMT" could not be applied to a tree altered by non-native people. However, the term is commonly used to refer to trees modified by native people in the course of traditional tree utilization. Deactivation MoF definition: “Measures taken to stabilize roads and logging trails during periods of inactivity, including the control of drainage, the removal of sidecast where necessary and the reestablishment of vegetation for permanent deactivation.” Designated Environment Official FPC Act: A person employed by MELP who is designated by name and title to be a designated environment official by the minister of that ministry for the purpose of a provision of the Forest Practices Code Act or the regulations set out in the designation. Designated Heritage Trail MoF definition: “A heritage trail designated under the Heritage Conservation Act.” Designated Use Areas (Land Act Definition needed) Developed Climax Sites Definition provided by Bill Spencer: areas of late successional forest mapped using a methodology developed by members of the Yalakom Community Council and approved by the Ministry of Forests for incorporation in a data layer for the Yalakom LRUP. Developed Climax Sites are not only old in terms of age class but have developed structural and compositional features that indicate their long-term stability as climax forest at a landscape level. Some of their attributes are: Ecological Reserve 873999141 large trees for species and site; wide variation in tree sizes and spacing; accumulation of large-size dead standing and fallen trees; multiple canopy layers, canopy gaps and understory patchiness; decadence in the form of broken tops or boles and root decay. CORE definition: “a land use designation under the Ecological Reserve Act that protects particular areas of land or water from disposition under any resource statute. Ecological reserves 4 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY are designated for scientific research and educational purposes.” Ecosystem CORE definition: “a functional unit consisting of all the living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in a given area, and all the non-living physical and chemical factors of their environment, linked together through nutrient cycling and energy flow. An ecosystem can be of any size - a log, pond, field, forest, or the earth’s biosphere - that functions as a whole unit. Ecosystems are commonly described according to the major type of vegetation, for example, forest ecosystem, old-growth ecosystem, or range ecosystem.” Ecosection MoF definition: Areas of similar climate, physiography, oceanography, hydrology, vegetation and wildlife potential. Encroachment (Churn Creek Park Plan): Areas where trees are growing on what was pure grassland vegetation Endangered Species See “threatened or endangered species.” Enhance Dictionary: to make greater, more attractive, more valuable” Example: upgrading existing recreation trails or identifying new ones. “Established” tourism operators PST Suggested: Pre-existing uses that can prove by records or anecdotal evidence that they were well established at the time of LRMP completion or land use zoning designation. Even-aged management Guidebook definition: “a silvicultural system that is designed to regenerate and maintain an evenaged stand. Clearcutting, seed tree and shelterwood are even-aged systems.” Extirpation Extirpated: MELP: species no longer in a particular location but found elsewhere Extirpated: COSEWIC: any indigenous species of fauna or flora no longer existing in Canada but occurring elsewhere. Extirpation: Dictionary: root out, destroy (tree, weed, species, etc.). Free Independent Recreationalist (FIR) A person who basically creates their own recreation holiday without use of commercial guides or resorts. Free Independent Traveler (FIT) A person who, while using many tourist facilities i.e. hotels, motels, restaurants, golf courses etc. does so without buying a tour or package plan. Forage MoF definition: “grasses, herbs and small shrubs that can be used as feed for livestock or wildlife” Forest Ecosystem Network Guidebook definition: “a planned landscape zone that serves to maintain or restore the natural connectivity within a landscape unit. A forest ecosystem network (or FEN) consists of a variety of fully protected ares, sensitive areas, and old-growth management areas.” Forest Land Reserve Forest Practices Code (FPC) Writing Guide definition: legislation (Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act), regulations made pursuant to that Act, and technical guidebooks, that together govern forest practices in British Columbia. Forest Service Road MoF definition: a road constructed, modified or maintained by the minister under the provisions of the Forest Act or declared a Forest Service road. Forest Service roads are used to provide access to managed forest land. 873999141 5 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Full productivity Brad Bennett: The maximum volume a site can produce when managed exclusively for timber production. General wildlife measure/strategy MoF definition(FPC Act, OPR Reg.70 (1) (c )& (d): a management practice, that applies inside wildlife habitat areas, if…necessary to maintain the identified wildlife within those areas, or a management practice that …is necessary to maintain a specified habitat. Goal Writing Guide definition: “broad statements that describe a future vision with respect to a particular subject (environmental, social or economic). Habitat capability MoF definition: a habitat interpretation for a species which describes the greatest potential of a habitat to support that species. Habitat potential may not be reflected by thepresent habitat condition or successional stage. Habitat effectiveness "Usability" (from top of p.75 of Framework - Grizzly Bear section) Habitat suitability MoF definition: a habitat interpretation that describes the current potential of a habitat to support a species. Habitat potential is reflected by the present habitat condition or successional stages “harvest design” ?See "Silvicultural systems" Heritage areas MoF definition: “Sites of historical, architectural, archaeological, paleontological, scenic significance to the province.” Heritage trail MoF definition: “A trail having cultural significance by reason of established aboriginal use or use by early immigrants.” Higher Level Plan (HLP) Writing Guide definition: “defined in the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act as an objective for: a resource management zone a landscape unit or sensitive area a recreation site, recreation trail, or interpretive forest site Higher priority Dictionary: Priority: “precedence, esp. established by order of urgency or importance”, “something that merits prior attention”, “a recognized right of precedence” Example: “A higher priority be given to water quality management for…” Indicator Writing Guide definition: “a measurement criterion used during plan monitoring to assess the effectiveness of plan strategies in achieving plan goals and objectives over time. Indicators may express an expected absolute, numerical outcome (e.g., number of recreation user days), or they may be more subjective (e.g., “low” impact on recreational experiences”). In-growth (Churn Creek Park Plan) In-filling of open Douglas-fir stands Issues Writing Guide definition: “ problems and unrealized opportunities respecting land and resources that a resource planning process will address. Identification and documentation of planning issues is an important step in resource planning as a basis for assembling relevant planning information and for developing appropriate resource goals and objectives.” Land Act Reserve (Land Act definition needed) Land and Resource Management Planning (LRMP) Writing Guide definition: “an integrated sub-regional, consensus-based planning process requiring public participation that produces a Land and Resource Management Plan for review and approval by government. The plan establishes direction for land use and specifies broad 873999141 6 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY resource management objectives and strategies. Landscape Guidebook definition: “a watershed or series of similar and interacting watersheds, usually between 10 000 and 100 000 ha in size.” Landscape Unit Guidebook definition: “a planning area, generally up to about 100 000 ha in size, delineated according to topographic or geographic features such as a watershed or series of watersheds. It is established by the district manager.” Writing Guide Definition: “areas of land and water used for long-term planning of resource management activities. They are important for designing strategies and patterns for landscapelevel biodiversity and for managing other forest resources. Landscape units may be used by the district manager to establish objectives for any purpose permitted under section 2 of the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act. Limits of Acceptable Change Guidebook definition: “a watershed or series of similar and interacting watersheds, usually between 10 000 and 100 000 ha in size.” Livestock MoF definition: “as defined in the Range Act and Silviculture Planning Regulations means animals of the genus Bos, horses, mules, asses, sheep and goats, but does not include wildlife designated under the Wildlife Act, exotic game animals, buffalo, swine or poultry but does include llamas.” WG Suggestion: Exclude sheep. Low impact tourism (RMZ Section – definition needed) Maintain Dictionary: “to carry on; continue”, “to support by providing means of existence”, “to keep in a certain state” Writing Guide definition: “to keep in an existing state; to preserve form failure or decline; to cause to continue” Maintain and/or Enhance Comment: Use the combination of definitions for “maintain” and “enhance” (above)” Manage Dictionary: Manage - “to exert control over”, “direct of control the use over”, “to arrange or contrive”, “to carry on, to get along” Writing Guide definition: “to treat with care; to alter by manipulation; to gain influence with or maintain control over” Example: “Manage impact of recreational use on ecological integrity” “manage land on an ecosystem basis” OK – see "Ecosystem Management": OK LRMP: NDT4 WG (GF): a strategy or plan to manage ecosystems to provide for all associated organisms, as opposed to a strategy or plan for managing individual species MoF definition: Ecosystem management: the use of an ecological approach to achieve productive resource management by blending social, physical, economic and biological needs and values to provide healthy ecosystems Managed forest Guidebook definition: “that portion of the landscape outside forest ecosystem networks in which forestry operations occur.” Mature seral Guidebook definition: “forests composed primarily of co-dominant trees, with canopies that vary vertically, horizontally, or both. Generally refers to trees 80 to 120 years old or greater, depending on species and site conditions. The age and structure of mature seral vary significantly by forest type and from one biogeoclimatic zone to another.” 873999141 7 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Mine Mines Act: “A mine is a place where mechanical disturbance of the ground or any excavation is made to explore for or to produce” a variety of listed substances. Mineral Mineral Tenure Act: “An ore of metal, or a natural substance that can be mined, that is in the place or position in which it was originally formed or deposited or is in talus rock, and includes (a) roack and other materials from mine tailings, dumps and previously mined deposits of minerals, (b) dimension stone, and (c) rock or a natural substance prescribed under section 2 (1), but does not include (d) coal, petroleum, natural gas, marl, earth, soil, peat, sand or gravel, (e) rock or natural substance that is used for a construction purpose on land that is not within a mineral title or group of mineral titles from which the rock or natural substance is mined; (f) rock or natural substance on private land that is used for construction purpose, or (g) rock or a natural substance prescribed under section 2(2).” Mineral industry Submission from Jim Britton: “Individuals, consultants, and companies involved in any aspect of mining. this includes, for example, Free Miners and their agents, prospectors, geologists, geophysicists, geochemists, surveyors, engineers, labourers, tradespeople, contractors. Mineral land base Submission from Jim Britton: “The geographic area, including land and water, that is legally open for exploration and development of geological resources.” Mineral resources Submission from Jim Britton: “All geological materials on or below the surface, including, but not limited to: earth, soil, marl, ash, clay, sand, gravel, rip-rap, rock, stone, talus, aggregate, limestone, marble, gypsum, slate, fossils, gemstones, placer minerals, metallic minerals, nonmetallic minerals, precious metals (e.g., gold, silver, platinum), base metals (e.g., copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc), peat, coal, coal bed methane, petroleum, oil shale, bitumen, natural gas, and geothermal resources, but excluding groundwater.” (also referred to as “Geological Resources” or “Subsurface Resources”) Minimize Dictionary: “to reduce to the smallest possible amount, size, extent or degree.” Writing Guide Definition: “to reduce to least quantity assignable, admissible, or possible” Mining Submission from Jim Britton: “Mining includes all activities involved in the process of finding and producing geological resources, including but not limited to: tenure acquisition; financing; reconnaissance and mineral property exploration; drilling; trenching; property development; bulk sampling; mine development; environmental baseline studies; engineering studies; construction; processing; transportation; infrastructure development (e.g., power lines, pipelines, water works, roads, buildings); mine operation; care and maintenance; closure; reclamation; abandonment; environmental monitoring and management; etc. Mitigate Dictionary: “to make or become less severe or intense” Writing Guide Definition: “to cause to become less harsh or hostile; to make less. severe or painful” Mitigate Mitigation Dictionary: “to make or become less severe or intense” Writing Guide Definition: “resource management practices targeted at improving the compatibility between resource uses. Mitigation strategies include avoid, minimize, rectify, reduce or compensate for the impact of one resource on another” “mosaic of seral stages” OK LRMP: MELP: the spatial arrangement of the stages of ecological succession of vegetation communities (early, mature and late); may be planned through management activities (such as grazing or timber harvest), or occur through natural disturbances events (such as fire, avalanche or windthrow). Dictionary: Mosaic: form in which pictures are produced by joining together minute pieces of glass, stone, etc. of different colours. Natural Dictionary: “ conforming to the usual or ordinary course of nature”, “free from pretension or artificiality” 873999141 8 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Examples: “”natural setting”, “naturally appearing” “natural disturbance regime” MoF definition: the historic patterns (frequency and extent) of fire, insects, wind, “natural range” WG Suggestion: “including current and former range” Net Effective Land Base (NELB)- Brad Bennett: A measure of the size of the Timber Harvesting Land Base that is unencumbered by forest management constraints that would prevent a site from reaching full productivity. “non-essential secondary roads” ?MOTH definition? Noxious weed MoF definition: “any weed so designated by the Weed Control Regulations and identified on a regional district noxious weed control list” Objective Writing Guide definition: “a concise, measurable statement of a desirable future condition for a resource or resource use which is attainable through management action.” Old-growth management areas (OGMAs) Guidebook definition: “areas that contain or are managed to replace specific structural oldgrowth attributes, and that are mapped out and treated as special management areas.” Old seral Guidebook definition: “old seral is a forest that contains live and dead trees of various sizes, species, composition, and age class structure. Old seral forests, as part of a slowly changing but dynamic ecosystem, include climax forests but not sub-climax or mid-seral forests. The age and structure of old seral varies significantly by forest type and from one biogeoclimatic zone to another.” Optimize Dictionary: “to improve or develop as far a possible”, “to make the most effective use of” “organized and maintained trail system” FPC Trails and Facilities Guidebook: "Status trail or recreation facility": means a trail or recreation facility that has undergone statusing and is recorded as such in Forest Service records. See also statusing. Paleontology The scientific study of “fossils”. See Paleontology section. Park See definition for Protected Area. landslides and other natural processes in an area. Writing Guide definition: defined in the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act Operational Planning Regulation as an area established under a higher level plan which contains or is managed to replace structural old growth attributes. Patch Guidebook definition: “a stand of similar-aged forest that differs in age from adjacent patches by more than 20 years. When used in the design of landscape patterns, the term refers to the size of either a natural disturbance opening that led to even-aged forests or an opening created by cutblocks.” Permanent range PST Suggested: “areas that produce substantial forage throughout most or all successional stages (as opposed to transitory range which are areas that eventually lead to closed canopy forest providing forage only during a brief period following stand-initiating fires or timber harvesting.)” Planning unit Guidebook definition: “a sub-unit of the landscape planning unit; a biogeoclimatic subzone within a drainage, for example.” 9 873999141 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Possible RAS: ”means within the limits of ability, capacity, or realization. There is no explicit test of reasonableness or cost. If a task can somehow be carried out, or it is possible to secure the resources to do it, then it is possible; e.g., for winter logging, deactivating a road as soon as possible after harvesting would mean deactivating it on the day following cessation of harvesting activities, even if it required the use of a D-8 cat with ripper to break through the frost.” Potential Natural Community (PNC) Guidebook definition: “the plant community that would be established if succession were allowed to be completed without further human interference” Practicable RAS: ”means feasible or capable of being done or put into practice with the available means. Reasonableness is a factor, but not an overriding factor as it would be with “practical”. ‘As soon as practicable’ does not mean that each second needs to be accounted for; but there is an expectation that any delay is a reasonably prompt time given all the circumstances; e.g., for winter logging, deactivating a road as soon as practicable after harvesting would mean as soon as the frost is out of the ground and conditions are suitable to do an adequate job. If a large machine needs to be brought in, it would be acceptable to wait for the road bans to be lifted, but the timing should not be delayed for the convenience of fitting into other plans. See “possible”. Practical (or “where practical”) Dictionary: Practical: “capable of being used or put into affect: USEFUL”, designed to serve a useful purpose”, “having or displaying good judgment: SENSIBLE” RAS: ”means a normal or common practice, incorporating an element of discretion. There is also an explicit test of reasonableness, convenience and cost. “Where practical” means where something can and would normally be carried out; e.g., for winter logging, deactivating a road as soon as practical after harvesting would mean within the first field season and as soon as the work can be fit into existing plans. There is also an expectation of cost efficiency, which would allow some delay until field conditions are well suited to the work to be carried out (e.g., dry) and a machine is working in the general area or, if not, the work can otherwise be fit into the normal schedule of tasks. See ‘possible.’” “precautionary principle” UNCED Rio Declaration, 1992: where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. MELP: where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid, or minimize, such a threat. “proper functioning condition” Context: managing ecosystems or riparian areas. Riparian Guidebook (p. 58): Properly functioning condition is maintained where the effects of range use on habitat attributes are 1) on average, small or within the range of natural variability of the habitat unit and 2) are large and beyond the range of natural variability in no more than a small portion of the habitat unit. If the effects of range management are within the rangew of natural viability over most of the habitat unit, it is likely that the natural ecological functions of the unit will be maintained. Protect Dictionary: “ to keep from harm, attack, or injury” Writing Guide definition: “to keep safe, defend or guard” Comment: Term applied outside of Protected Areas Protected Area Guidebook definition: “An area that has protected designation according to provincial or federal statute. Protected areas are land and freshwater or marine areas set aside to protect the province’s diverse natural and cultural heritage.” Writing Guide definition: “a designation of areas of land and water set aside to protect natural heritage, cultural heritage or recreational values (may include national park, provincial park or ecological reserve designations.)” 873999141 10 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY Protected Area Strategy (PAS)` Writing Guide definition: “British Columbia’s strategy to develop and expand the provincial protected area system to protect 12 per cent of the provincial land base by the year 2000. The goals of the strategy are to protect viable, representative examples of natural diversity in the province, and special, natural, recreational and cultural heritage features.” Range Use Plan FPC: An operational plan that describes the range and livestock management measures that will be implemented to ensure that range resources are protected and that the management objectives for other identified resource values are achieved. Rare ecosystem Guidebook definition: “an ecosystem (site series or surrogate) that makes up less than 2% of a landscape unit and is not common in adacent landscape units.” “rare element” Conservation Data Center (CDC): term used to collectively describe rare species, rare plants, rare plant communities etc. WG suggestion: “rare wildlife, plant or community” “rare biological or physical features” MELP: very uncommon features that are present on the landscape; examples include rare wildlife, plants, vegetation associations, and rock formations. Reasonable Dictionary: “governed in accordance with reason or sound thinking”, “within the bounds of common sense:, “not extreme or excessive: FAIR” Example: “to undertake reasonable efforts to...” “recreational placer activities” MEM suggested: untenured placer mining using hand tools only (pick, shovel and goldpan). Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) MoF definition: A mix of outdoor settings based on remoteness, area size, and evidence of humans, which allows for a variety of recreation activities and experiences. The descriptions used to classify the settings are on a continuum and are described as: rural, roaded resource, semiprimitive motorized, semi-primitive non-motorized, and primitive. Recreation sites and trails Writing Guide definition: “sites or trails established under the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act (or previously designated under the Forest Act) for the purpose of providing public recreational experiences in provincial forests.” MoF definition for Recreation Trail: “a trail and its ancillary facilities developed by the B.C. Ministry of Forests for recreation or to protect a recreation resource.” Red-listed species Writing Guide definition: “threatened or endangered species as identified by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. The taxa of the red list are either extirpated, endangered or threatened, or are being considered for such status. Regulated hunting MI: Hunting of wildlife species that is consistent with provincial hunting regulations and licensing. Reserve Guidebook definition: “an area of forest land that, by law or policy, is not available for timber harvesting or production.” Reserves from Use (Land Act definition needed) Restore Restoration Dictionary: “to bring back into existence or use”, “to bring back to an original state” MoF definition: “the return of an ecosystem or habitat to its original community structure, natural complement of species and natural functions. Riparian MoF definition: “An area of land adjacent to a stream, river, lake or wetland that contains vegetation that, due to the presence of water, is distinctly different from the vegetation of adjacent upland areas.” “semi-permanent Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act: Forest Road Regulations Section 24 873999141 11 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY deactivation” “sensitive cultural and heritage features” MoF definition for Cultural Heritage Resource: “An object, a site or the location of a traditional societal practice that is of historical, cultural or archaeological significance to the province, a community or an aboriginal people. Cultural heritage resources include archaeological sites, structural features, heritage landscape features and traditional use sites Sensitive area Writing Guide definition: “small area (up to a maximum of 1,000 ha) established under the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act by the district manager to manage or conserve unique or locally significant forest resources. Seral stages Guidebook definition: “the stages of ecological succession of a plant community, for example, from young stage to old stage; the characteristic sequence of biotic communities that successively occupy and replace each other, altering in the process some components of the physical environment over time.” “Species at risk” MoF definition: a) any wildlife species that, in the opinion of the Deputy Minister of Environment, Lands and Parks, or a person authorized by that deputy minister, is threatened, endangered, sensitive or vulnerable, b) any threatened and endangered plants or plant communities identified by the Deputy Minister of Environment, Lands and Parks, or any person authorized by that deputy minister, as requiring protection and c) regionally important wildlife as determined by the Deputy Minister of Environment, Lands and Parks or a person authorized by that deputy minister. Silvicultural systems Guidebook definition: “a planned cycle of activities by which a forest stand, or group of trees, is harvested, regenerated, and tended over time. Silvicultural systems used in British Columbia include clearcutting, seed tree, shelterwood, and selection. Each name reflects the type of stand structure created by harvesting.” Site series MoF definition (adapted from Lloyd): the set of landscape positions within a subzone or variant that are capable of producing a single plant association at climax. Stand level Guidebook definition: “the level of forest management at which a relatively homogenous land unit can be managed under a single prescription, or set of treatments, to meet well-defined objectives.” Sustainable Dictionary: “to keep in existence: MAINTAIN” MoF definition: “A state or process that can be maintained indefinitely. The principles of sustainability integrate three closely interlined elements—the environment, the economy and the social system—into a system that can be maintained in a healthy state indefinitely.” Threatened or endangered species Guidebook definition: “indigenous species that are either threatened or endangered, and identified as “red listed” by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks.” Timber Harvesting Land Base (THLB) MoF definition: the total area of a management unit considered to contribute to, and be available for, long-term timber supply. The harvesting land base is defining by reducing the land base according to specified management assumptions. Timber of an age class and type that is consistent with the TSA Timber Supply Review Brad Bennett: Free of social/political constraints or some type of interference that would prevent "free" harvesting access. Can be economically accessed under normal market conditions. 873999141 12 Draft Lillooet Land and Resource Management Plan Phase 1 Framework Document - GLOSSARY (TSR) Timber Supply Area MoF definition: an area defined by an established pattern of wood flow from Management units to the primary timber-using industries. “tourism infrastructure” PST Suggested: “built and maintained features such as trails, airports, lodges, hotels, marinas, etc., that are used by tourists.” Traditional use Traditional Use Study Guidelines, December, 1996: "any geographically defined site (on land or water) used traditionally by one or more groups of people for some type of activity. These sites may lack the physical evidence of human-made artifacts or structures, yet maintain cultural significance to a living community of people." This definition is further refined by: "'Traditional' in this context refers to those beliefs, customs, and practices pertaining to land use of a living community of people that have been passed down through the generations." Transitory range PST Suggested: “areas that eventually lead to a closed canopy forest providing forage only during a brief period following stand-initiating fires or timber harvesting.” Does this not refer to an area used by cattle on a temporary basis? Unregulated hunting MI: Hunting of wildlife species without a license (e.g. poaching) or hunting that is not sanctioned by government. Viable population Guidebook definition: “a self-sustaining population with a high probability of survival despite the foreseeable effects of demographic, environmental and genetic stochasticity and of natural catastrophes.” Visual Quality Objective (VQO) Writing Guide definition: “ a resource management objective established by the district manager or contained in a higher level plan that reflects the desired level of visual quality based on the physical characteristics and social concern for the area. Five categories of VQOs are commonly recognized: preservation, retention, partial retention, modification, and maximum modification.” Wilderness MoF definition: “An area of land generally greater than 1000 ha that predominantly retains natural character and on which the impact of man is transitory and, in the long run, substantially unnoticeable.” “wild fish stocks” WG Suggestion: “Indigenous and non-native but are naturally occurring (e.g. transplanted brook trout which are reproducing and maintaining a population(” Wildlife Habitat Area MoF definition: units of habitat recommended for the maintenance, enhancement, or restoration of red-listed wildlife, threatened, and endangered habitats, and those species identified as being regionally important. Wildlife tree Guidebook definition: “a standing live or dead tree with special characteristics that provide valuable habitat for the conservation or enhancement of wildlife. Characteristics include large diameter and height for the site, current use by wildlife, declining or dead condition, value as a species, valuable location, and relative scarcity.” Wildlife tree patch Guidebook definition: “an area specifically identified for the retention and recruitment of suitable wildlife trees. It can contain a single wildlife tree or many. A wildlife tree patch is synonymous with a group reserve.” 873999141 13