Download STUDY NO: :- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF LEUCAENA

STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (IPIL-IPIL)
Common name: Ipil-ipil/Subabul/Telikadam
English name: Ipil-ipil
Scientific name: Leucaena leucocephala
Family: Mimosaceae
Important feature: A fast growing small to medium sized tree. Generally 10-20 m in height. Bark is
smooth, grey to brown. Leaves alternate, evenly bipinnate & 10-20cm long with 4-10cm long pinnate.
Each pinnate has 10-20 pairs of oblong or lanceolate leaflets, 8-15 mm long & 3 mm wide, that folds up
in the night. Leaf base is sub-equal or oblique. The yellowish-white flowers are grouped in round flower
heads 2-2.5 cm in diameter. Pods 10-20 cm long & 1.5-2 cm wide, flat & pointed in both ends, brown
when ripe.
Flowering time: Mainly in March – April & August – October.
Fruiting time: Fruits may be collected any time of the year.
Propagation & Management: Propagated through seeds. Tolerate heavy pruning of roots & shoots
even pollarding. Coppices easily.
Adaptability: It can grow in a wide range of soil types except high acid soils. It is adaptable in different
climatic conditions.
Geographical distribution: Native to South Mexico & the Northern part of Central America. It has been
introduced throughout the tropics & has become naturalized in many places, including most countries in
Southeast Asia.
Production in Bangladesh: Grown in forests, hilly regions & waste lands all over Bangladesh.
Sometimes grown in wall bound premises, public places & homesteads.
Uses: Reforestation, erosion control & soil improvement. Wood used for light construction, poles, pit
props, pulp, furniture, flooring & fuel wood. Green parts are used as fodder & green manure.
STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM)
Common name: Neem
English name: Neem
Scientific name: Azadirachtaindica indica/ Melia azadirachta
Family: Meliaceae
Important feature: A medium sized tree, up to 20 m high & 1m in trunk diameter, with low branches
& dense rounded crown. Bark brown when young & then grey with deep furrows & scaly plates. Inner
bark pink, astringent & bitter tasting. Leaves pinnately compound (usually with single terminal leaflet) &
may fall during severe drought. Each leaf has 9-17 pairs of 4-8 cm long curved, lance shaped, saw
toothed & pointed leaflets. Flowers are abundant, small, white & fragrant, arising in the corner of leaf
stalks. Fruits are small, smooth ellipsoidal drupes, yellow or greenish yellow when ripe.
Flowering time: March – April.
Fruiting time: July – August
Propagation & Management: Generally propagated through seeds. Coppicing ability is good &
growth is much faster than that of seedlings.
Adaptability: It grows well on moist soils but cannot tolerate water logged soils, deep sands with deep
water table or saline soils. It can stand moderate drought condition.
Geographical distribution: Native to dry regions from the Indian subcontinent through Myanmar,
Thailand, Malaysia & Indonesia.
Production in Bangladesh: Mostly cultivated in public places & homesteads all over the Bangladesh,
drier region of the country in particular.
Uses: Windbreak, shade tree, soil improvement & wasteland reclamation. Wood is insect repellant &
used for construction, furniture, paper pulp, chipboard & fuel wood. Azadirachtin, an insecticidal
compound can be extracted from the seeds & leaves. It has excellent medicinal properties.
STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS (KATHAL)
Common name: Kathal
English name: Jack Fruit
Scientific name: Artocarpus heterophyllus
Family: Moraceae
Important feature: A medium size, ever green tree reaching 15-25m in height. The crown is dense
with dark green foliage. Bark rough to scaly, dark grey to grayish brown. Leaves of young plants with 1-2
pair of lobes, whereas older leaves with entire margin (hence “heterophyllus”), simple (structure),
alternate (arrangement), elliptic (shape), entire(leaf margin), upper surface dark green & glossy while
lower surface pale & rough. Plants are monoecious. Female spikes are borne on footstalks while the
male spikes appear both on the footstalks & on the terminal branchlets. Fruits are fleshy, syncarp,
covered with pointed tubercules, hanging on short stalks.
Flowering time: November to March
Fruiting time: April to September
Propagation & Management: Propagated through seeds easily & also commercially by vegetative
means (grafting, air-layering and cutting). Tolerate moderate pruning of roots & shoots, sometimes
heavy pruning of shoots.
Adaptability: It grows in a wide range of soil but prefers well drained alluvial soils. It does not tolerate
waterlogged condition.
Geographical distribution: Probably originates in India, but has been introduced throughout the tropics,
particularly Southeast Asia.
Production in Bangladesh: Cultivated in homestead & on roadsides all over the country, & also grown
in crop fields & orchards in Mymensingh, Dhaka, Tangail, Chittagong & some other districts.
Uses: Young fruit used as vegetable, ripe fruit eaten fresh or made in to various sweet dishes. Seeds are
eaten after boiling, roasting or drying. Young leaves used as livestock fodder. Tannin from bark. Dyes
from wood particles. Latex used as glue & cement. Timber medium hardwood, termite resistant, used
for furniture making. Renowned for a number of medical properties. It is considered as the best
multipurpose tree species (MPTs) in the country.
 Soft fleshed type – fruits when ripe become too much soft, pulp is very juicy, generally sweet in
taste.
 Firm fleshed type – fruits when ripe become firm & crispy, generally very sweet to less sweet in
taste.
STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA (BORO MEHOGONI)
Common name: Boro Mehogoni
English name: Broad-, Big-, Large-leaved Mehogoni
Scientific name: Swietenia macrophylla
Family: Meliaceae
Important feature: A tall evergreen tree with rough bark, inner bark red or pinkish brown. Leaves
paripinate or even pinnate, up to 60cm long. Leaflets up to 20cm long. Flowers greenish white, about 1
cm across in short axillary particles. Fruits capsule & brown in color, about 15 cm by 7 cm.
Flowering time: March – April.
Fruiting time: December – February.
Propagation & Management: Propagated through seeds. Tolerate pruning of roots & shoots.
Adaptability: It can grow in a wide range of soils & adaptable in different climatic conditions.
Geographical distribution: Native to Jamaica & Central America, introduced in India, Bangladesh,
Myanmar & many other tropical countries.
Production in Bangladesh: Grown in homesteads, forests, roadsides, fallow lands & public places.
Uses: One of the finest timbers for high quality furniture & cabinet work, interior paneling, doors &
decorative borders, boat building, musical instruments, carving & other uses. The bark is used for dying
& tanning leather & oil can be extracted from the seed kernels. In India gum is tapped from cuts in the
bark.
STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS (AKASHMONI)
Common name: Akashmoni
English name: Akashmoni
Scientific name: Acacia auriculiformis
Family: Mimosaceae
Important feature: A very handsome evergreen, fast growing middle sized tree reached up to 30m
high & 60 cm in diameter; bark grayish brown, rough with longitudinal fissures. The leaf stalk (rachis)
modified into a flattened blade (is called phyllode). Phyllodes straight or falcate, 10-16 * 1.5-2.5 cm
entire, straightly curved, tapered at each end with parallel veins. Flowers yellow in spikes up to 8 cm
long. Fruit a pod, 8-12 cm long, coiled at maturity.
Flowering time: July – September.
Fruiting time: December – February.
Propagation & Management: Propagated through seeds. Tolerate pruning of roots & shoots.
Adaptability: It is a wide range of adaptability, tolerate infertile clayey, sandy, acid, alkaline, saline or
seasonally waterlogged soils & dry seasons.
Geographical distribution: Native to Australia & Papua New Guinea, introduced in India, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia & Indonesia
Production in Bangladesh: It may be produced in the homesteads, farm lands, fallow lands & forest
lands all over the country. Through shoot & root pruning it can be raised in crop field quite satisfactory.
Uses: It is an ideal fuel wood tree. The timber is used for furniture as well. Also used as pulpwood, soil
conservation, erosion control, nitrogen fixation, wind break as well as ornamental tree.
STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA (JHAU)
Common name: Jhau, Harigoal
English name: Beef wood tree, Austrilian oak
Scientific name: Casuarina equisetifolia
Family: Casuarinaceae
Important feature: A large tree up to 35-45m tall or more, branches drooping, branchlets 15-20cm
long, green, very slender performing the function of leaves are known as cladodes. Leaves small scalelike, 6-8 at the nodal region. Flowers naked in spikes, plants being monoecious. Male flowers in spikesat
the ends of branchlets at the base of which the female heads are borne, female head about 1.5 cm long
& wide. Fruits one seeded semi-aroid nuts crowed into a cone; cone 2cm in diameter. Tree can fix
nitrogen.
Flowering time: November – March.
Fruiting time: December – March.
Propagation & Management: Propagated through seeds & can stand severe pruning & pollarding.
Adaptability: Grows in calcareous or slightly saline soils & sand sand dunes. It can stand drought for 68 months & also can tolerate water logging.
Geographical distribution: Native to Indonesia, introduced in India, Australia, Bangladesh, Pakistan &
Malaysia island.
Production in Bangladesh: Grows in sea-shore, sandy ‘char’ lands, homesteads & roadsides.
Uses: It is a very good fuel wood. It is also used in paper industry, bark is used as medicine, tannin &
dyeing. It can fix atmosphere nitrogen by symbiotic association with Frankia. It is valuable in stabilizing
sand dunes, wind breaks, controlling soil erosion & land reclamation. Also used as ornamental plants.
STUDY NO:
:- STUDY ON SILVAN FEATURES OF DALBERGIA SISSOO (SISSOO)
Common name: Sissoo, Shisham
English name: Sissoo
Scientific name: Dalbergia sissoo
Family: Fabaceae
Important feature: It is fairly medium to large & fast growing deciduous tree. It attains a height up to
30m. Bark grey. Leaves fall in winter & regenerate in early spring. Leaves imparipinate, 10-25 cm long,
leaflets 3-5, distinctly alternate, 2-6 cm in diameter, ovate. Flowers yellowish white. Fruits pod, 5-7 *
0.8-1.2 cm, strap shaped, pale brown containing 1-5 seeds. Seeds are kidney shaped, flat.
Flowering time: February – March.
Fruiting time: December – March.
Propagation & Management: Generally propagated through seeds & root sucker. It coppices
vigorously by root suckers, making it useful for checking erosion.
Adaptability: It grows on variety of edaphic & climatic conditions. It can tolerate drought & water
logging conditions.
Geographical distribution: Native to India & distributed to Bangladesh, Nepal & Afghanistan.
Production in Bangladesh: Grown in homesteads, fallow land, firm land & along the roadsides all over
the country, northern part of the country particular.
Uses: It is used for making furniture, carts & carriages, musical drums agricultural implements, wheels &
for a large number of other purposes like fuel wood, pulpwood, windbreak etc. The twigs & leaves are
lopped for fodder. The bark & leaves have also medicinal properties.