Download (pt=3) What is the apical meristem? What is it`s function?

Name ______________________________________
FES 100 - Introduction to Forest Biology
Exam 3: 100 points December 5, 2007
For short answer questions, be brief; full sentences are not necessary. Point value for each question is in
parentheses. If a question is not clear to you, please ask for clarification.
Write your name on this page now!!!!!!
1.
(pt=3)
What is the apical meristem? What is it’s function?
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2.
(pt=7)
Diagram the alternation of generations that characterizes all plants. Be sure to include
sporophyte, spores, zygote, diploid, meiosis, mitosis, gametophyte, gametes, fertilization, archegonium,
antheridium, egg, sperm:
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3.
(pt=3)
Do green algae seaweeds have vascular tissue? YES NO
Why is this needed or not needed? (1 major reason)
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4.
(pt=2)
Describe two differences or similarities between the moss gametophyte and fern
gametophyte:
a)______________________________________________________________________________
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b)______________________________________________________________________________
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5.
(pt=2)
Describe two differences or similarities between the moss sporophyte and fern sporophyte:
a)______________________________________________________________________________
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b)______________________________________________________________________________
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6.
(pt=1)
What structure do fern plants use to disseminate across the landscape?
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7.
(pt=1)
What structure do conifers use to disseminate across the landscape?
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8.
(pt=3)
What was needed to evolve in conifers (compared to ferns) so that seeds could be
produced? (3 items)
a)______________________________________________________________________________
b)______________________________________________________________________________
c)______________________________________________________________________________
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9.
(pt=2)
Where are spores found in the flowering plants? (2 structures, specific terms or sketches)
a)______________________________________________________________________________
b)______________________________________________________________________________
10. (pt=7)
Draw the cross section of a 2 year old tree seedlings. Correctly draw and label at least 5
tissues.
11. (pt=2)
What are two tissues that are primarily made up of parenchyma cells?
a)______________________________________________________________________________
b)______________________________________________________________________________
12. (pt=2)
Label at least two parts in the following diagram:
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13. (pt=4)
Illustrate how turgor pressure increases in a typical plant cell. Include cell wall, vacuole,
membrane, sugars, water.
14. (pt=4)
Describe or sketch the functions of the endodermis. Include at least two functions:
15. (pt=3)
Diagram a tracheid and a vessel element. Be sure to show the primary difference between
them.
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16. (pt=3)
Indicate the forces that are affecting water movement at each of the following locations:
17. (pt=2)
What two forces help with water transport inside the xylem?
a)______________________________________________________________________________
b)______________________________________________________________________________
18. (pt=3)
What changes happen to the guard cells at a stomate when the forces acting on the water
column get to the point where the water column could break. Include ABA, K+, water
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19. (pt=2)
What are examples of the following at the start of the growing season?
a) Source:______________________________________________________________________
b) Sink: _______________________________________________________________________
20. (pt=4)
What two processes can help explain how material flows through the phloem?
a)______________________________________________________________________________
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b)______________________________________________________________________________
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21. (pt=3)
Soils and climate determine which plants grow where. Water is one primary resource
found in soils that determine which plants will grow on a site. What soil properties determines how much
or how little water is found in the soil?
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22. (pt=4)
Nitrogen is another primary resource found in soils that determine which plants will grow
on a site. What soil properties determines how much or how little nitrogen is found in the soil?
Remember, soils include all abiotic and biotic components.
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23. (pt=4)
Besides water and nitrogen, what are two other nutrients found in soil? How are they used
in the plant? (one example each)
Nutrient:_____________________________________________________________________________
How used?__________________________________________________________________________
Nutrient:_____________________________________________________________________________
How used?__________________________________________________________________________
24. (pt=2)
Mycorrhizae are one of the best examples of a symbiotic relationship. What are the
benefits that each organism receives?
Plant: ______________________________________________________________________________
Fungus:______________________________________________________________________________
25. (pt=4)
Sketch a pistil and label the following parts: Ovary, ovule stigma, style,. Indicate where
meiosis occurs:
26. (pt=2)
Make a sketch of the male gametophyte from a flowering plant:
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27. (pt=4)
Relate double fertilization to the structure of the female gametophyte:
28. (pt=3)
What is one stimulus that involves IAA?
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What is the plant’s response to IAA after this stimulus?
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29. (pt=1)
What is one stimulus that involves a cytokinin?
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30. (pt=3)
In a long night plant, the level of which phytochrome determines whether it flowers or not:
Pr or Pfr (circle answer). Explain how the long night determines the needed level:
______________________________________________________________________________
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31. (pt=3)
List the characteristics needed to place an organism into the fungal kingdom:
______________________________________________________________________________
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32. (pt=2)
How does a typical fungus go from the haploid stage to the diploid stage?
______________________________________________________________________________
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33. (pt=4)
Make sketches on the best way to distinguish a Basidiomycota from an Ascomycota (draw
a structure for each):
(pt=1) What is one advantage of asexual reproduction in fungi?
______________________________________________________________________________
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Extra Credit: Answer ONE (1) of the following on the back side of this page. Earn up to 5 points.
1. “Civilizations rise and fall on their soils.” Use the topics in plant nutrition and plant ecology
to justify this statement.
2. Use as many aspects of its life cycle as you can to explain why flowering plants are the most
successful plant group in adapting to land. The life cycle includes fertilization and seed
development.
3. Indicate which plant growth regulating substances (hormones and phytochrome) are present in
each of the following plant parts. Indicate the function of each substance in regulating how a
plant responds to its environment: Plant parts: Roots, stems, leaves, seeds, fruit
4. What are the similarities and differences between Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Imperfect
Fungi?
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