Download Topic 12 Student Handout copy

Earth’s
Dynamic
Crust
&
Interior
Name:________________
Highlands Middle School
Earth Science: Mr. Babicz
Earth’s Dynamic Crust and Interior Vocabulary
Using the word bank below, Topic 12 in your Earth Science workbook, and your glossary found in the back of
your workbook, match the words with their correct definitions.
Asthenosphere
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Earthquake
Epicenter
Fault
Hot Spot
Inner Core
Mantle
Moho
Outer Core
Plate
Seismic Wave
Transform Boundary
Tsunami
Volcano
The place on Earth’s surface lying directly above the focus.
The interface between Earth’s crust and mantle.
The boundary between two colliding plates.
The energy waves given off by an earthquake.
Major regions of volcanic activity that are usually in the
interior of plates away from plate boundaries.
A boundary where plates slide past each other.
A mound or mountain composed of extrusive igneous rock.
The innermost zone of Earth’s core. Solid and composed of
iron and nickel.
The plastic, partly solid, partly liquid layer of Earth’s mantle
just below the lithosphere.
The mostly solid part of Earth between the crust and the
outer core.
A section of the lithosphere that moves around Earth’s
surface.
A crack in a mass of rock or soil.
The boundary between two plates spreading apart.
A very fast, large ocean wave produced by an earthquake.
The zone of Earth between the mantle and inner core.
Thought to be liquid because earthquake S-waves do not
travel through it.
A natural rapid shaking of the lithosphere caused by the
release of energy stored in rocks.
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Earthquakes
Key Concept #1
 The driving force behind all crustal movement on Earth is
___________ _________ within the _______.
 The energy for this force is provided by radioactive decay.
Key Concept #2
 An ___________ is a natural rapid shaking of the __________
(land) caused by the release of stored energy in _______.
Key Concept #3
 Earthquakes are measured using two types of scales.
__________________ Scale
Measures:
__________________ Scale
Measures:
Key Concept #4
 A __________ is a large wave produced by a ____________
of the _________ floor.
 Ex: faulting, landslide
Earthquake Terminology
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Key Concept #5
 Energy is released as seismic waves (earthquake waves).
____ - wave
____ - wave
Also called:
Also called:
Travels Through
Travels Through
Speed:
Speed:
Page 11 ESRT: “Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time”
 Exercise #1: How far will each wave travel?
Time (min:sec)
P-wave Travel Distance
(km)
S-wave Travel Distance
(km)
1:00
2:20
3:40
5:00
6:20
3
7:40
9:00
10:20
11:40
12:40
 Exercise #2: How fast will each wave travel?
Distance (km)
P-wave Travel Time
(min:sec)
S-wave Travel Time
(min:sec)
400
1,000
1,600
2,200
2,800
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,200
5,900
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Difference in Time
Practice #1
Practice #2
P-wave Arrival Time = 1:15:00
P-wave Arrival Time = 3:38:45
S-wave Arrival Time = 1:18:30
S-wave Arrival Time = 3:41:30
Calculate the difference in time: SHOW YOUR
WORK!
Calculate the difference in time: SHOW YOUR
WORK!
 Exercise #3: How far is the epicenter?
P-wave Arrival
Time
S-wave Arrival
Time
2:35:00
2:38:00
12:21:00
12:25:40
6:34:20
6:40:40
9:42:40
9:52:40
6:12:20
6:21:40
1:00:00
1:03:40
5:35:40
5:40:00
10:03:40
10:11:20
2:45:00
2:56:20
3:40:40
3:43:20
Difference in
Time
Epicenter
Distance (km)
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 Exercise #4: What is the difference in arrival time?
Distance (km)
Difference in Arrival Time (min:sec)
1,000
2,000
3,000
3,600
4,000
Origin Time
Practice #1: Kyle arrived at school at 8:03:00 am. It took him 00:08:20
(8 minutes 20 seconds) to walk to school. What time did Kyle leave his
house?
Practice #2: An earthquake p-wave arrived at 11:23:00 pm. The p-wave
travel time was 00:03:20. What time did the earthquake originate?
**In order to calculate origin time you must subtract the p-wave
travel time from the p-wave arrival time.**
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Did you know?
 The largest recorded earthquake in the United States was a magnitude 9.2 that struck Prince
William Sound, Alaska on Good Friday, March 28, 1964 UTC.
 The largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 in Chile on May 22, 1960.
 The earliest reported earthquake in California was felt in 1769 by the exploring expedition of
Gaspar de Portola while the group was camping about 48 kilometers (30 miles) southeast of Los
Angeles.
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 Exercise #5: What is the origin time?
P-wave
Arrival
Time
S-wave
Arrival
Time
12:22:20
12:25:40
1:44:40
1:50:00
3:12:20
3:14:40
7:56:00
7:58:40
8:04:40
8:10:20
5:45:20
5:47:40
11:23:00
11:26:40
4:51:00
4:55:20
6:00:00
6:03:40
3:23:20
3:25:00
Difference
in Time
(min:sec)
Distance
(km)
P-wave
Travel
Time
Origin
Time
Key Concept #6
 In order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake a seismologist
must have data from at least three locations.
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 Exercise #6 – Finding the Epicenter Conclusion Questions
1. What can you do to protect yourself when an earthquake happens?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain why three seismic stations are needed in order to locate the epicenter of an
earthquake. ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
 Exercise #7 – Workbook Reading
Directions: Answer the questions below on pages 70-72 in your review book, which is based on the reading on
pages 65-70.
1. ______________
9.
______________
2. ______________
10.
______________
3. ______________
11.
______________
4. ______________
12.
______________
5. ______________
13.
______________
6. ______________
14.
______________
7. ______________
15.
______________
8. ______________
16.
______________
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Earth’s IntErIor
scIEntIsts InfEr most of thE propErtIEs of Earth’s IntErIor through thE study of
_______________ (earthquake) waves.
Remember: P-waves can travel through __________, while S-waves can NOT travel
through ____________.
 Exercise #9 – Layers of Earth
Directions: Complete the chart based on Page 10 “Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior” in your ESRT.
State (Solid,
Temperature
Layer
Density (Range)
Pressure Range
Liquid, Gas)
Range
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
1. Why is this information considered to be “inferred”?
2. How do pressure, temperature, and density change as depth increases?
Depth Range
Composition
 Exercise #10 – Workbook Review Questions
Directions:
1. Answer questions #17-27 on pages 74 and 75 in your workbook in the space provided below.
2. Remember to look back at the reading in your review book, your ESRT, and your notes.
17. __________
21. __________
25. __________
18. __________
22. __________
26. __________
19. __________
23. __________
27. __________
20. __________
24. __________
Plate Tectonics
 What is the Theory of Continental Drift? What evidence supports this theory?
The Theory
The Evidence
 What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? What evidence supports this theory?
The Theory
The Evidence
 How do oceanic and continental crust compare with regard to thickness and density?
Continental
Oceanic
Density
Thickness
 What are the primary rocks which make up the continental and oceanic crusts?
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
 What are these types of plate boundaries? What are the key characteristics for each?
 Give an example where each can be found in the world.
Type:
Type:
Key Characteristics:
Key Characteristics:
Example:
Example:
Type:
Type:
Key Characteristics:
Key Characteristics:
Example:
Example:
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 What happens to the age of oceanic crust as distance increases from a ridge?
 Explain how magnetic data can be used to show that oceanic crust is diverging at ridges.
Use the diagram below to help explain your answer.
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 Exercise #10 – Plate Tectonics
Directions: Answer the following questions based on page 5 “Tectonic Plates” in your ESRT.
1. Name five tectonic plates.
2. What plate is located at:
a. 30 degrees North, 100 degrees West
b. 50 degrees North, 80 degrees East
c. 20 degrees South, 140 degrees East
d. 40 degrees South, 60 degrees West
3. Name three boundaries where plates diverge.
4. Name three boundaries where plates converge.
5. Name two transform boundaries.
6. What two plates interact at the Peru-Chile Trench? Name the type of boundary. Sketch
the boundary below including the names of the plates interacting and arrows depicting the
relative motion.
7. What two plates interact at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge? Name the type of boundary. Sketch
the boundary below including the names of the plates interacting and arrows depicting the
relative motion.
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8. What two plates interact at the San Andreas Fault? Name the type of boundary. Sketch
the boundary below including the names of the plates interacting and arrows depicting the
relative motion.
 Exercise #11 – Sea Floor Spreading
Part A: Construct an ocean bottom profile on the graph provided using the ocean depth data provided. Follow
the steps below:
a. Using an appropriate scale, label the vertical axis depth in kilometers.
b. Label the following ocean floor features: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Rift Valley, Continental Shelf,
Seamount, Island.
c. Referring to the “Tectonic Plates” map in your ESRT, draw arrows representing the directions in
which the sea floor is moving.
Part B: Complete the following procedures on the “Age of the Atlantic Sea Floor” map provided. The profile
from Part A is along line AB.
a. Label the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
b. Color the region of youngest rocks on the map. Use red pencil.
c. Referring to the “Tectonic Plates” map in your ESRT and your ocean bottom profile, draw arrows on
both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge indicating the direction in which the sea floor is moving.
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 Exercise #12 – Workbook Review Questions
Directions:
1. Answer questions #1-42 and 42-60 on pages #87-94 in your workbook in the space provided below.
2. Remember to look back at the reading from Chapter 3 in your review book, your ESRT, and your notes.
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1. ______
11.______
21.______
2. ______
12.______
22.______
3. ______
13.______
23.______
4. ______
14.______
24.______
5. ______
15.______
25.______
6. ______
16.______
26.______
7. ______
17.______
27.______
8. ______
18.______
28.______
9. ______
19.______
29.______
10.______
20.______
30.______
31.______
35.______
39.______
32.______
36.______
40.______
33.______
37.______
41.______
34.______
38.______
42.______
43.________________________________________________________________________
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