Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Great Lakes tectonic zone wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Late Heavy Bombardment wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
Geology of Great Britain wikipedia , lookup
Tectonic–climatic interaction wikipedia , lookup
Sedimentary rock wikipedia , lookup
Algoman orogeny wikipedia , lookup
Name: _______________________________________ Date: ______________ Chapter 8 How Earth Changes Over Time Lesson 6 “The Rock Cycle” What Are the Properties of Rocks? (p. D70-D71) Rocks Are Made of Minerals Rocks make up the Earth’s____crust_____. Many rocks are made of ____minerals______. A mineral is a naturally occurring solid with a definite ___structure_____, and each mineral is made up of particular _____elements_______. A rock can be one mineral or a ____mixture_____ of minerals. You can tell minerals apart by their structure and ____properties______. o Hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral can be ____scratched__. o Luster describes how a mineral reflects ___light____. A mineral may shine like metal or be dull, silky, or glassy. o Streak describes a mineral’s __color____ when it is ground into a powder. o Cleavage is the way that a mineral _____breaks____ which can be smooth or jagged. o Color describes a mineral’s _______surface______ color. o Density measures the amount of mass within a given space, and is compared to ___water_____in the case of minerals. Most rocks are a mixture of ____minerals_____ and can be identified by the minerals they contain. Another way to tell rocks apart is by their ____texture______(coarse or glassy), and/or their _____structure________ (the way the pieces fit together). A rock gets its properties from the way it forms, which is classified into ____three_____ main groups. What Are Igneous Rocks? (p. D72-D73) Igneous rocks form when ___hot____ ____liquid_____ rock material cools and hardens into solid. Some igneous rocks form from ___magma____, below the Earth’s surface. Magma becomes trapped as it ___pushes_____ its way to the surface and ___cools____ slowly over many centuries. As it cools, igneous rocks form large _____crystals____ which give the rocks a coarse texture. Igneous rocks that form underground are called ___intrusive____ rocks. When magma reaches the surface of the Earth before it cools, it may flow from a _____volcano_____ as lava. At the surface, ___lava_____ is exposed to cooler temperatures and __hardens_____ quickly, with no time for large ____crystals____ to form. These rocks have a fine ____texture_____ and some may even look like solid ___glass___ . Igneous rocks that form above ground are called ____extrusive____rocks Name: ________________________________________ Date: _____________ Chapter 8 How Earth Changes Over Time Lesson 6 “The Rock Cycle” What is Sedimentary Rock? (p. D74-D75) Sedimentary rock is made from bits and pieces of ____weathered____ rocks that have been ___eroded_____, and deposited in a new location. Layers of sediment build up and ___press____ on the layers below causing the fine particles to ___squeeze____ together and harden into solid rock. Larger pieces of sediment become stuck, or ___cemented_____ together, as ___dissolved______ minerals form a kind of glue that holds the sediment together. Sedimentary rocks can also form when mineral crystals are left behind, as the water that they were dissolved in,__dries___ __up___. Some sedimentary rocks are made from sediment that was once part of ____living_____ ___things_____, such as the shells of ocean animals. The fragments of ____shells___ pile up into layers that become solid rock. What Are Metamorphic Rocks? (p. D76-D77) The word metamorphic means “___change_____.” A metamorphic rock was once another kind of rock, such as an ___igneous_____, ___sedimentary_____ or even another metamorphic rock, that “changed.” They become rocks with different properties through great ____heat___, great __pressure____, and sometimes through chemical reactions. Metamorphic rocks often form deep underground, where the ____temperature_____ are high and the __pressure____ is great from the rocks above. o Parts of the Earth’s crust are exposed to great heat and pressure, such as where the ____boundaries____of the plates collide, forcing rock deep ______underground_______ . o Metamorphic rock is also formed when rocks come into contact with magma as it ___pushes___ through or against rock, changing the ____properties________ of the surrounding rock. o When metamorphic rock forms, it does not ___melt_____ , but instead changes occur in the ____structure______ and ____texture____ of the rock. Granite - great heat and pressure changes it to - Gneiss