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Chapter 14 The Civil War 1860-1865 Section 1 Texas Secedes A Nation Divided By 1860…Texas and several other Southern states were threatening to secede for the Union…both sides were willing to fight for what they believed in… 1854 – Republican Party formed one main goal…stop the western spread of slavery (some members hoped to end slavery altogether) supported economic changes and a higher tariff (tax placed on imported and exported goods) which benefited American industry (by raising prices of foreign goods) located in the North… Most Texans were Democrats feared the Republicans would destroy the Southern economy (depended on foreign trade and slave labor) 1 Debate between the Republicans and Democrats… South North For states’ rights…the federal government should not have the power to decide whether to allow slavery in the states State should be able to withdraw from the Union if the citizens voted to do so Federal laws apply to all states States could not legally separate from the Union Presidential Election of 1860 Democratic party split over the issue of slavery…Northern Democrats would not support slavery… Democrats Republican Northern Southern Stephen A Douglas John C. Breckinridge Abraham Lincoln Constitutional Union John Bell The split in the Democratic Party gave the Republican Party a better chance to win…Southerners threatened to secede if the Republicans won… The Constitutional Union Party was formed in an effort to insure no candidate would win (the House of Representatives would then decide the election)… Sam Houston tried win the nomination of the Constitutional Union Party (he had worked hard to make Texas part of the Union) Texan’s voted for Breckinridge… 2 Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States… Reaction to Lincoln’s Election December 20, 1860…South Carolina seceded from the Union …within six weeks…Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana seceded… Confederate States of America Most Texans wanted to secede…asked for a convention so delegates could vote…Governor Houston ignored request…called a special meeting of the legislature hoping to stop the convention… Legislature approved the convention…delegates were elected… The Secession Convention in Texas January 28, 1861 delegates met Oran M. Roberts – leader …adopted an ordinance of secession February 23, 1861 citizens approved the ordinance …10 counties in Central Texas (German influence strong) …counties along the Red River 3 State Constitution was rewritten… “United States of America” changed to “Confederate States of America” Constitution of 1861 o Defended states’ rights and slavery o Made the freeing of slaves illegal Texas seceded March 2, 1861…7th state to secede from the Union Governor Houston’s Response Sam Houston had not been able to prevent secession…hoped Texas would remain independent…state immediately accepted into the Confederacy March 16th…Secession Convention required all officials to take an oath of office to the Confederacy…Houston remained silent as his name was called 3 times (the office of the governor was declared vacant)…Lt. Governor Edward Clark became the first ad interim governor of the Confederate Texas… Lincoln had offered the use of 2,700 federal troops stationed in Texas to keep the state in the Union…Houston refused… “He had fought for Texas, he said, and would not fight against it now” …Houston left Austin …Settled in his steamboat house …died July 26, 1863 4