Download Name: Date: Period: Chapter 10 Study Guide 1. At the time it was

Name:
Date:
Period:
Chapter 10 Study Guide
1. At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was:
A)
B)
C)
D)
already obsolete
beginning to fill with silt from the Great Lakes
the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken
cited as an example of how not to construct a canal
2. The nativist movement wanted to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
return all lands to the Native Americans
enact more restrictive naturalization laws
increased aid to education so voters would be literate
make immigrants feel this was their home
3. During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads:
A)
B)
C)
D)
played only a secondary role in the nation’s transportation system
replaced canals as the most important means of transportation
generated little interest among American businessmen
consisted of a few long lines, which were not connected to water routes
4. The great technical advances in American industry owed much to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
American inventors
National research universities
Innovative businessmen
Labor unions
5. Between 1830 and 1860, the two largest groups of immigrants were
A) Africans and English
B) Irish and Germans
C) French and Germans
D) Irish and French
E) French and Dutch
6. New England emerged as the center of industry in the early 19th century for all of the
following reasons except
A) rocky soil discouraged large scale farming
B) abundant slave labor worked in the mills
C) established seaports allowed for easy exports
D) rapid rivers provided power for machines
E) New England’s inventors provided needed innovations
7. The Lowell or Walthman system of recruiting labor was to:
A)
B)
C)
D)
enlisted young women from farm families
recruit whole families from rural areas
recruit newly arrived immigrants
enlisted young men from farm families
8. Crucial to the operation of railroads was:
A) a system of federal railroad regulations
B) the invention of the telegraph
C) slave labor to build the lines
D) a canal and river system that supported the lines
9. Why did the unequal distribution of wealth not create more resentment
A) The actual living standard of the workers was improving
B) There was no social mobility
C) Geographic mobility was limited
D) The political system offered few ways to express resentment
10. The rise of New York in the first half of the nineteenth century was the result of all of
the following except:
A) a superior natural harbor
B) liberal state laws that made the city attractive for both foreign and domestic
commerce
C) an absence of “nativist” sentiment
D) unrivaled access to the interior
11. The American population between 1820 and 1840:
A) grew fastest in the South
B) became increasingly rural
C) was migrating westward
D) was not growing as fast as the population of Europe
12. Which of he following helped enlarge the urban population in this era?
A) Immigrants from Europe
B) Northeast farmers
C) The growth of the population as a whole
D) All of the above
E) Both A and C
13. One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the “canal
age” was:
A) an increased white settlement in the Northwest
B) an increased white settlement in the Southwest
C) the renewed cooperation between states and the national environment on internal
improvement projects
D) the conviction that the national government should be responsible for all internal
improvements
14. Efforts to change the flow of water:
A) helped to reduce cholera epidemics in the United States
B) increased the number of fish species in the Great Lakes
C) allowed riverfront cities to have manufactured power on a year-round basis
D) had little effect on the growth on industry in the United States before the Civil War
15. The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the:
A) development of a national banking system
B) creation of corporations
C) decline of eh small-town merchant and general store
D) rise of the factory
16. The telegraph:
A) was expensive to use and thus offered limited advantages for American industry
B) slowly developed as a tool for commerce in the United States
C) was first used to announce the victory of James K. Polk in the presidential election of
1844
D) was invented in just a week by Samuel F.B. Morse
17. The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to:
A) overcrowding in American cities
B) a dramatic increase in food production
C) the use of slaves in manufacturing industries
D) an increase in European immigration
18. The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because:
A) workers resented being watched over so carefully
B) in the highly competitive textile market, manufactures were eager to cut labor costs
C) unions undermined the owners’ authority
D) men found jobs in the factories, and they disliked the paternalistic system
19. Most of the industrial growth experienced in the United States between 1840 and 1860 took
place in the:
A) South and Southwest
B) Old Northwest
C) New England region and the mid-Atlantic states
D) Ohio Valley
20. Artisan workers:
A) successfully made the transition to factory work
B) created the nation’s earliest trade unions
C) had abandoned the republican vision of American work
D) allied themselves with the new capitalist class
21. Which of the following was not a technological advance the sped the growth of industry
during this period?
A) Better machine tools
B) Interchangeable tools
C) Improved water-power generators
D) New steam engines
22. The railroad network that developed during this period linked:
A) the Northeast to the Northwest
B) the northeast to the Gulf Coast
C) the East Coast to the West Coast
D) New York to New Orleans
23. Which of the following did not inhibit the growth of effective labor resistance?
A) Ethnic divisions between natives and immigrants
B) The availability of cheap labor
C) Slavery
D) The strength of the industrial capitalists
24. In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from:
A) helpmates to workmates
B) “republican mother” to “democratic female”
C) passive domestic to radical feminist
D) income producer to inclome consumer
25. Shakespeare’s plays:
A) were generally viewed as entertainment for the nation’s elite classes
B) led to a riot at the Astor Place Opera House
C) were not particularly enjoyed by antebellium Americans
D) were played before quite, respectful audiences in American cities
26. The growth of the agricultural economy of the Northwest affected the sectional alignment of
the United States because:
A) Northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast
B) Northeastern industry sold its products to the Northeast
C) Northwestern grain was sold to the South, which allowed it to grow more cotton
D) the Northwest was able to feed itself so it did not align with any other section
E) both A and B
27. The primary economic activity on the Rocky Moutain West before the Civil War was
A) agriculture
B) fur-trapping
C) mining
D) small business trading
28. One consequence of the influx of new immigrants was
A) a decline in the birthrate of native-born Americans
B) an upsurge of anti-Catholicism
C) a virtual end to westward migration
D) a national decline in wage rates
29. Industrialization was at first slow to arrive in America because
A) there was a shortage of labor, capital, and consumers
B) low tariff rates invited foreign imports
C) the country lacked the educational system necessary to develop technology
D) the country lacked a patent system to guarantee investors the profits from new
machines
30. The first industry to be shaped by the new factory sysytem of manufacturing was
A) textiles
B) the telegraph
C) agriculture
D) iron-making
31. Wages for most American workers rose in the early nineteenth century, except for the most
exploited workers like
A) immigrants and westerners
B) textile and transportation workers
C) single men and women
D) women and children
32. One major effect of industrialization was
A) an increasing economic equality amoung all citizens
B) a strengthening of the family as an economic unit
C) an increasingly stable labor force
D) a rise in the gap between rich and poor
IDENTIFICATION
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
1. Nation where a potato famine in the late 1840s led to a great
migration of its people to America
2. Americns who protested and sometimes rioted against Roman
Catholic immigrants
3. Whitney’s invention that enhanced cotton production and gave new
life to black slavery
4. Morse’s invention that provided instant communication across
distance
5. Common source of early factory labor, often underpaid, whipped, and
brutally beaten
6. Working people’s organizations, often considered illegal under early
American law
7. McCormick’s invention that vastly increased the productivity of the
American grain farmer
8. Fulton’s invention that made river transportation a two-way affair
9. “Clinton’s Big Ditch” that transformed transportation and economic
life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago
10. Beautiful but short-lived American ships, replaced by “tramp
steamers”
MATCHING PEOPLE, PLACES, and EVENTS
_____ Samuel Slater
_____ Eli Whitney
_____ Elias Howe
_____ Samuel F.B. Morse
_____ Know-Nothings
_____ Commonwealth v. Hunt
_____ Cyrus McCormick
_____ Robert Fulton
_____ Cyrus Field
_____ Molly Maguires
_____ DeWitt Clinton
A. Inventor of eh mechanical reaper that transformed grain
growing into a business
B. New York governor who built the Erie Canal
C.Inventor of a machine that revolutionized the ready-made
clothing industry
D. Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics
E. Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first
temporary transatlantic cable in 1858
F. Immigrant mechanic who initiated American
industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in
1791
G. painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable
system for instant communication across distance
H. Developer of a “folly” that made rivers two-way streams
of transportation
I. Radical, secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s.
J. Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton
production and created the system of interchangeable parts
K. Pioneering Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that
declared labor unions legal
PUTTING THINGS IN ORDER
____ First telegraph message – “What hath God wrought?” – is sent from Baltimore to
Washington
____ Industrial revolution begins in Britain
____ Telegraph lines are stretched across Atlantic Ocean and North American continent.
____ Major water transportation route connect New York City to Lake Erie and points west.
____ Invention of cotton gin and system of interchangeable parts revolutionized southern
agricultural and northern industry