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Stomach Stomach Structure • __________-shaped, __________________-like organ that hangs inferior to ___________________________ in upper left portion of abdominal cavity • • • • capacity = _________L or more empty = thick folds of ________________________ and submucousal layers mark the stomach’s inner lining full = ___________ folds _______________________ sphincter controls gastric emptying into ________________ intestines Gastric Glands 3 types of cells • mucous – thin, __________________ secretion • _________________________ (basic) secretion keeps stomach from digesting ____________________ • chief – digestive __________________________ • parietal – ______________ (hydrochloric acid) and ______________________ factor • helps sm. intestine absorb vitamin ____________ (helps keep nerves and RBC healthy) *_____________________ – most important digestive enzyme; breaks ________________________ into polypeptides; secreted as _____________________________ (converted by HCl) Review Questions What are the secretions of the chief cells and parietal cells? What is the most important digestive enzyme? What does it do? Why doesn’t the stomach digestive enzymes? Regulation of Gastric Secretions • ______________________ juice (HCl and pepsinogen) secreted ________________________________ – rate controlled neurally and hormonally • neural regulation – _________________ stimulates release of gastric juice • hormonal regulation – _____________________ increases release of gastric juice Just for Kicks • • _____________________ are open sores in skin and mucous membranes resulting from localized tissue damage originally thought that ___________________ triggered ulcers to occur, but 2 _________________________ scientists proved it was actually a ____________________________ infection (Heliobacter pylori) of the stomach lining by ingesting the bacteria Gastric Absorption • some __________________, certain salts, _______________________, and some _______________-soluble drugs Review Questions What is gastric juice? What controls gastric juice secretion? What substances can the stomach absorb? Mixing and Emptying Actions • ______________________ movements of stomach wall produce a _______________-fluid paste of food and gastric juice called _____________________ • _______________________________ waves push chyme toward ____________________ sphincter muscle relaxes stomach contractions push ____________________ amounts of chyme into sm. intestine • ________________ of emptying depends on _________________________ of chyme and the type of ____________ present • ________________________ < carbohydrates < ______________________ < fats • as chyme enters __________________________ (1st part of sm intestine) ___________________________ organs (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) add their secretions Just for Kicks • __________________________ is a complex reflex in which the stomach empties through the ____________________, pharynx, and mouth rather than through the sm intestine • _________________________ or distention send impulses to the vomiting center of the ______________________ which then triggers the vomiting _______________________ Review Questions How is chyme produced? What factors influence how quickly chyme leaves the stomach?
