Download Energy Transfer Notes - Mr. Shaw Life Science

ENERGY
TRANSFER NOTES
ENERGY
• All living things are made up of
matter, and all living things need
energy.
• Energy is converted (changed)
from one from to anther.
• The conversion of energy is
important to all life on Earth.
PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, &
DECOMPOSERS
• Energy is never lost, it is simply transferred and reused in various forms.
• The source of all energy for living thins is the sun.
PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, &
DECOMPOSERS
• Producers are organisms tat can use the sun to make energy rich food molecules.
• Producers include: flowers, trees, algae
• Producers use two primary methods for converting energy to food
1. Photosynthesis- light energy (from the sun) is changed to chemical energy (sugar molecules)
2. Chemosynthesis- energy from chemicals is changed to food molecules (this takes place on the
ocean floor where not light is available)
PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, &
DECOMPOSERS
• Consumers are organisms that can not make their own food.
• Consumers get their energy indirectly from the sun:
– Herbivores eat plans
– Carnivores eat other animals
– Omnivores eat both!
PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, &
DECOMPOSERS
• Decomposers are organisms that feed on dead matter.
• This allows nutrients/matter to be made available to the ecosystem.
• Examples are: bacteria, worms, slugs, and fungi
• Scavengers consumes the remains of dead animals.
ENERGY TRANSFER
FOOD CHAINS
• A food web is a simple way of showing how matter and energy pass from one organism to
another.
• Producers are always the first step in a food chain.
• Animals that consume producers, primary consumers, are the second step in the food chain.
• Carnivore are the third and higher steps of the food chains. They are called secondary
consumers.
• The position an organism hold within the food chain is called its’ trophic level.
Quaternary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer
Quaternary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer
FOOD CHAIN
• A food web shows all the possible food chains among the organisms in the community.
• As food web is a more complete model of feeding relationships than a food chain.
Producers:
Oak Acorns
Pine
Primary Consumers:
Mouse
Pine Borer
Secondary Consumers:
Salamander
Snake
Golden-Crowned Kinglet
Red-Tailed Hawk
Tertiary Consumers:
Red-Tailed Hawk
Decomposers :
Bacteria
Fungi
ENERGY PYRAMID
• An energy pyramid shows the energy flow in a community.
• The producers are always at the bottom. They have the most energy.
• A you move up the pyramid, each level becomes smaller.
• Only about 10% of the energy available at each feeding level is transferred to the next level.
• As you move up the food pyramid, organisms require more food to meet their energy needs
because less is available to them.
FOOD PYRAMID