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Page # 320 Section review 15.1
1. Planets shine by reflected sunlight.
2. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
3. AU is distance from earth to sun
4. Distance , mass
5. In order to feel the force of gravity between you and all of the objects around you,
it takes an extra large mass to notice
6. Satellite orbiting Earth is affected by Earth’s gravity and Interia
7. Pluto
8.
A. Largest: Jupiter; Smallest: Mercury
B. Strongest: Jupiter; Weakest: Pluto
C. Longest: Venus; Shortest: Jupiter
D. Longest: Pluto; Shortest: Mercury
E. Most: Earth; Least: Saturn
9. Comets revolves around the sun highly elliptical orbits that takes longer to orbit
sun. Earth does not always pass by the comet at the same time each year.
10. Meteor is chunk of burning rock broken off from comet or asteroid traveling
through Earth’s atmosphere. Meteorite passes through atmosphere and strikes
ground.
11. Asteroid belt is rocky bodies orbiting sun and are located between Mars and
Jupiter.
12. The orbit of the planets are not perfect circles because they are slight variations
in velocity vector created during the formation of the solar system
Page# 329 Section 15.2:
1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. A. Earth’s moon
4. Venus
5. The corrosive atmosphere destroyed it after 23 minutes
6.Earth’s 23 degree tilt of axis relative to its rotation
7. Arial photos show erosion and patterns of riverbeds show water flowed once on
Mars surface.
8. Liquid water
9. Saturn rings: Billions of particles of rocks and ice
10. No, Neptune, Jupiter, Uranus also have rings
11. Solar system formed from same cloud of interstellar material. Smaller planets
could not hold on their light gases (H, He) and their exposed core became rocky.
13. Pluto has strongly elliptical orbit so sometimes it passes inside Neptune’s orbit
14. Pluto, Uranus, Venus rotate backward (retrograde)
Page# 343 Section review 16.1; Questions 5 to 9,12,14
4.Color, temperature, size, brightness (Luminosity)
6. Sun is medium (average) size star
7. Distance light travels in one year
8. 77 years ago
9. Color gives energy and temperature of the star
Red: Cooler and low in energy
Blue: Hotter and high in energy
10. Brightness decreases by the inverse square of distance away from the source.
12. Main sequence: Stable part of star life cycle; Diagonally across
White dwarf: Cool/dim; lower left corner
Red giant: cool/bright; upper left corner
Super giant: can be blue or red; upper portion
15. D. White Dwarf
Page# 349 Section 16.2 Questions: 1 to 10
1. about 5 billion years
2. Nebula
3. Gravitational force
4. Pressure and temperature increases
5. About 10 billion years
6. Higher mass stars burn brighter and hotter
Use up hydrogen fuel faster
7. Gravity causes core to contract; Temperature rises; other nuclear fusion occur;
outer layer expands and red giant formed
8. Carbon and Oxygen were created by nuclear fusion.
9. Massive explosion of very large star
10. No, sun does not have enough mass to become supernova.