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Anatomy of the Parasympathetic (Craniosacral) Division The nerve fibers that constitute the parasympathetic division originate at the two anatomical ends of the central nervous system. The cranial nerves, CN III, CN VII, CN IX and CN X and the sacral spinal nerves S2, S3 and S4 carry the presynaptic (or, pre-ganglionic) parasympathetic outflow. The presynaptic neurons of the sacral part of the Craniosacral division lie in the lateral horns of the spinal cord at the appropriate level. These neurons extend into the body’s internal organs only and synapse at the terminal (that lie close to the organ) or intramural (within the target organ) ganglia. The exceptions are the four-paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. Of the four cranial nerves mentioned above, CNIII supplies the ciliaryganglion; CNVII supplies the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia; and CNIX supplies theotic ganglion. The Vagus nerve (CNX), as you have learned before, gets its name from its “wandering” nature. It does wander in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities in your body to synapse on postsynaptic (or postganglionic) neurons that innervate the heart, bronchi, stomach, liver and the intestines. There are no named ganglia for these organs.