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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 3-1 REVIEW
CARBON COMPOUNDS
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms and provide one example
for each.
1. organic compound _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. functional group _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. alcohol ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. monomer _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. polymer ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Organic compounds contain
a. carbon and usually other elements. c. only carbon.
b. many kinds of elements
d. only carbon and except
carbon.
hydrogen.
_____ 2. The number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other
atoms is
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 4.
d. 8.
_____ 3. A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is
called a
a. single bond.
b. double bond.
c. triple bond. d. quadruple
bond.
_____ 4. The breakdown of a polymer involves
a. hydrolysis.
c. the breaking of
hydrogen bonds.
b. a condensation reaction.
d. the breaking of ionic
bonds.
_____ 5. ATP releases energy when
a. it undergoes a condensation
reaction.
b. a hydroxyl group is
added to it.
c. a phosphate group is
added to it.
d. a phosphate group is
removed from it.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
15
Carbon Compounds
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Give an example of how a functional group can affect the properties of an
organic compound.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Arrange the following in order of size, from smallest to largest: polymer,
monomer, carbon atom, macromolecule. ______________________________
3. Explain how a water molecule is produced when glucose and fructose undergo
a condensation reaction. ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP? What else is released during
this reaction? ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. Critical Thinking How would the variety of organic compounds be different
if carbon had seven electrons in its outermost energy level instead of four? ___
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure to answer the following
questions.
The formation of sucrose from glucose and fructose is represented by the
chemical reaction shown below. Notice that this reaction can proceed in
either direction.
1. What are the reactants and products of the forward (left-to-right) reaction? ___
_______________________________________________________________
2. Is the forward reaction a condensation reaction or hydrolysis? _____________
_______________________________________________________________
3. What are the reactants and products of the reverse (right-to-left) reaction? ____
_______________________________________________________________
4. Is the reverse reaction a condensation reaction or hydrolysis? ______________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
16
Carbon Compounds
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 3-2 REVIEW
MOLECULES OF LIFE
VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the
following pairs of terms.
1. monosaccharide, polysaccharide ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. amino acid, protein _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. nucleotide, nucleic acid ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are
a. monosaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. polysaccharides. d. simple
sugars.
_____ 2. The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined
by
a. the R groups of the amino acids
c. the carboxyl groups of the
they contain.
amino acids they contain.
b. the amino groups of the amino
d. whether or not they contain
acids they contain.
any amino acids.
_____ 3. Most enzymes
a. are changed by the reactions
they catalyze.
b. increase the activation energy
of the reactions they catalyze.
c. strengthen the chemical
bonds in their substrate.
d. are sensitive to changes in
temperature or pH.
_____ 4. The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids
a. make lipids polar.
c. allow lipids to dissolve
in water.
a.store more energy than the carbon- d. are found in the carboxyl
oxygen bonds in other organic
group at the end of the
compounds
lipid.
_____ 5. The most important function of nucleic acids is
a. catalyzing chemical reactions.
c. storing energy.
b. forming a barrier between the
d. storing information related
inside and outside of a cell.
to heredity and protein
synthesis.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
17
Molecules of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. What are the storage and quick-energy forms of carbohydrates found in
animals, and how are these forms structurally related to each other? _________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch? _______________
How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins? _____________
3. What compound composes most of the cell membrane? __________________
How is this compound suited to the function of the membrane? ____________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Steroids are made up of what type of molecule? ________________________
Give two examples of steroids. ______________________________________
5. Critical Thinking Insects that live on land have a coating of wax on the outer
surface of their body. What function might the wax serve for these animals? __
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each part of the figure in the spaces
provided.
The diagram below shows the interaction of an enzyme and its substrate during a
chemical reaction.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
18
Molecules of Life