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QUIZ: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBE v2
1) Epidemiologists are interested in learning about ______________________.
a) the causes of diseases and how to cure or control them
b) the frequency & geographic distribution of diseases
c) the causal relationships between diseases
d) all of the above
2) Diseases that are always present in a community, usually at a low, more or less constant, frequency are classified
as having an ____________ pattern.
a) epidemic
b) endemic
c) pandemic
3) An epidemic that becomes unusually widespread and even global in its reach is referred to as a _____ .
a) epidemic
b) endemic
c) pandemic
4) When did the Spanish Flu of 1918 switch from an epidemic to a pandemic?
a. “[when it] hop-scotched from one military post to another in the eastern and southern United States,
spilled into the civilian population, and reached the West Coast in late April”
b. “Between Aug. 22 and 27, [when the new more deadly] strain appeared on three continents -- Europe,
Africa and North America” and infected around 30% of these populations
c. “[when there was an] outbreak in Madrid, Spain and Seville, Spain that caused a total death rate about
twice normal for that time of year.”
5) The H5N1 avian influenza virus (bird flu):
a. is only transmitted from animal to human
b. only infected people in Asia that had close contact with infected birds
c. all of the above
6) Pandemics can occur when:
a. when a virus spreads into a human population that has never before “seen” it and, therefore, lack immunity
to it
b. when a disease spreads quickly from person to person and across entire countries and continents
c. all of the above
7) Differences between epidemics and pandemics include:
a. because pandemics require a lethal and virulent strain, they occur less frequently than epidemics
b. vaccination can help prevent epidemics, but it would take several months to develop an effective vaccine if
a pandemic emerged
c. all of the above
8) When you have the influenza virus infection you should:
a. go to school as usual; once you have symptoms you can't infect others
b. take antibiotics to block virus replication and reduce symptoms
c. none of the above
9) “A single case of tuberculosis was diagnosed in a community.” Does this scenario best represent:
a. a pandemic
b. an epidemic
c. neither
10) “Malaria continues to pose a problem in much of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Each year,
between 350 and 500 million cases of malaria occur in the region. ” Does this scenario best represent:
a. a pandemic
b. an epidemic
c. neither
11) “About 60 cases of gonorrhea are usually reported in this region per week, slightly less than the national
average.” Does this scenario best represent:
a. a pandemic
b. an epidemic
c. neither
12) “The people of India had lived with the dangers of cholera since ancient times, but it wasn't until the 19th
century that it spread outside this country. During this period, traders inadvertently exported the deadly virus back to
cities in China, Japan, North Africa, the Middle East and Europe and killed millions.” Does this scenario best
represent:
a. a pandemic
b. an epidemic
c. neither
13) “In 2009, Swine flu (H1N1) started in Mexico city, then spread to many parts of North America. Now the flu
has been found in New Zealand, Israel, Scotland and many other countries. Over more than 300,000 people died of
Swine Flu.” Does this scenario best represent:
a. a pandemic
b. an epidemic
c. neither
14) “21 cases of norovirus infection spread among children and workers at a day care center over a period of 6
weeks. The norovirus infection quickly then spread throughout the community.” Does this scenario best represent:
a. a pandemic
b. an epidemic
c. neither
15) In order for an epidemic to be considered an pandemic, it has to be widespread and cause lots of deaths.
a. true
b. false
16) Just like the 1918 Spanish Influenza, a pandemic can occur in waves, and all parts of the world may not be
affected at the same exact time.
a. true
b. false
17) Why are viruses not considered living things?
a. viruses cannot reproduce on their own and need a host cell
c. viruses can be seen only with an electron microscope.
b. viruses do not contain genetic material.
18) Which statement about bacteria is not true?
a. bacteria reproduce using binary fission.
c. bacteria do not contain genetic material.
b. bacteria are found in many environments.
19) A virus needs a host cell to reproduce because it
a. has no genetic information
c. cannot survive outside of a host cell.
b. has no mechanism for copying itself.
20) What do viruses have in common with bacteria?
a. protein coat
c. an ability to divide and produce new cells
b. DNA (genetic material)
21) What happens during the reproduction cycle of a virus?
a. the virus is inactive
b. the virus is absorbing nutrients for its energy needs.
c. the virus is using its DNA to produce more viruses inside the infected host cell.
22) Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is typically
treated with antibiotics. Recently, the drugs that are used to treat TB have become ineffective and scientists have
been forced to find new treatments for TB. How is this occurrence evidence of evolution?
a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is evolving to form new strains that are antibiotic resistant.
b. Human immune systems are evolving to be more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
c. Human immune systems are evolving to become less tolerant of the antibiotics.
23) What can be a consequence of the overuse of antibiotics and antimicrobial solutions?
a. Increased number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
b. Increased number of disease-causing microbes
c. Decreased number of viruses to use on the development of vaccines
24) Which statement describes a difference between an antibiotic and a vaccine?
a. vaccines kill bacteria only, while antibiotics kill viruses.
b. antibiotics kill bacteria, while vaccines prompt the production of antibodies to block viruses from
attaching to a host cell.
c. vaccines are taken after you are infected with a disease, while antibiotics are taken before you
become infected with a disease.
25) Pneumonia occurs when a person’s lungs become inflamed usually due to a bacterial or viral infection. A patient
may experience some chest pains due to constant coughing, a fever over 100 degrees, chills, fatigue & headaches. In
what way is pneumonia most likely to spread?
a. when a person coughs or sneezes, a mist of fluid is released into the air containing the bacteria.
b. by eating food contaminated with the bacteria
c. by drinking water contaminated with a parasite.
26) How are parasites and viruses similar?
a. Both infect host organisms.
b. Both reproduce using host cells.
c. Both break down food using oxygen.
27) Which phrase best describes a parasite?
a. an organism that depends on another organism (host) for food and shelter
b. a spore-producing organism that feeds on organic matter
c. a unicellular microorganism that has a cell wall but lack organelles and an organized nucleus
28) In the last centuries, there have been six major outbreaks of cholera (water-borne disease). During the London
outbreak of the 1850’s, physician John Snow mapped the location of each fatality and collected data to find what
factors people with the disease had in common. From this data, Snow was able to trace the cholera outbreak to a
drinking well that was contaminated with human feces. What type of scientist is John Snow?
a. epidemiologist
b. microbiologist
c. meteorologist
29) Bacteria adapt more quickly than elephants to environmental changes. Which best explains the difference?
a. Bacteria reproduce more quickly, speeding up the process of natural selection.
b. Bacteria move more quickly, allowing them to migrate easier.
c. Elephants have more genes, so they mutate slower.
30) Which word best describes fungi?
a. eukaryotic
b. nonphotosynthetic
c. spore-producing
d. all of the above
31) “Tapeworms have no digestive system of their own, but absorb nutrients through their skin from partially
digested food as it passes through the host.” Which microbe is a tapeworm classified as?
a. bacterial
b. viral
c. parasitic
32) Fungal disease is a major concern for humans because fungi attack not only us but also our food sources (ex.
mold), making fungi competitors with humans for nutrients.
a. true
b. false
33) Fungi only reproduce asexually. This allows them to reproduce quickly and ensures an increased spread of the
species.
a. true
b. false
34) A parasite usually gains all the benefits of this relationship. In contrast, the host may suffer from various
diseases, infections, and discomforts as a result of the parasitic attack.
a. true
b. false
35) Even though ticks feed on the blood of their hosts, they are not considered parasites because they are not
microscopic.
a. true
b. false
36) How are viruses, bacteria and parasites alike?
a. They are multicellular and can cause disease.
c. They can infect a host and cause disease
b. They are non-living and can cause disease.
37) Why do doctors suggest that people get a flu vaccine each year?
a.Viruses replicate more rapidly over time.
b. Viruses can mutate from year to year.
c. Vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year.
38) How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?
a. by taking medication daily
b. by preventing transmission between people
c. by wearing clean clothing daily
Use the key below to match each phrase to the disease it best describes.
a. = common cold
b. = bacterial pneumonia
c. = malaria
d. = blastomycosis
39) caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans.
40) a virus that spreads through tiny, air droplets that are released when the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows
their nose.
41) caused by a fungus that lives in moist soil and people that engage in activities that expose them to wooded areas
are at highest risk
42) an infection of the lungs that is treated with antibiotics and ventilation (oxygen supplement)
Use the graph to the left to answer questions 43 and 44.
43) At which temperature did growth of bacteria occur at the
greatest rate?
a) 10ºC
b) 20ºC
c) 30ºC
44) Which conclusion can be drawn from the data in the graph?
a) the rate of bacterial growth is the greatest at the highest
temperature
b) the rate of bacterial growth is the least at the highest temperature
c) the rate of bacterial growth does not change depending on
temperature