Download 1 - White Plains Public Schools

Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
1. Culture
Good Morning.
Ni zao (Mandarin)
Buenos Dias (Spanish)
Maakye (Asante)
A way of life of a group of
people. It includes customs, art,
religious beliefs and a sense of
identity.
Language is a component of
culture.
2. Cultural Diffusion
The spread of ideas from one
culture to another culture through
trade, migration, or conquest.
To believe in the superiority of
one’s own ethnic group or culture.
USA TACO
3. Ethnocentrism
My Culture
Your Culture
4. Interdependence
5. Africa’s Geography
RAIN
DESERT
6. India’s Geography
MONSOON
7. Latin America’s Geography
Terrace
Farming
8. China’s Geography
Mts.
Sea
rivers
Interdependence is the reliance of
people on goods, resources, and
knowledge from other parts of the
world. This interaction is mutually
beneficial and most often takes
the form of trade and cultural
diffusion.
Africa’s geography consists of
deserts, savannas, tropical rain
forests and Mediterranean
climate. Africa’s topography is
mostly plateau. Africa’s rivers
are fast flowing. Africa’s
coastline is smooth. There are
few natural ports and harbors.
These diverse features lead to a
diversity of cultures in the
continent.
India’s geography consists of
mountains, ghats, river plains,
plateau, and monsoons.
Monsoons bring rain for farming.
Latin America’s geography
consists of tropical rain forests,
mountains, plains and rivers.
Mountains and rain forests
prevented cultural diffusion in the
past.
China’s geography consists of
river valleys, mountains, desert
and an irregular coastline. Most
Chinese live along the eastern
coast because farming is possible.
Though the Chinese greatly
influenced other cultures, they
were often isolated from outside
influences.
9. Japan’s Geography
Japan’s geography consists of
mountains, islands and rivers.
Japan is an archipelago. It is a
series of islands. Scarcity of
arable land leads to overcrowding.
Overcrowding
10. Central Asia’s Geography
Grasslands
11. Southwest Asia’s Geography
WATER
12. Europe’s Geography
FERTILE SOIL,
FORESTS,
AND WATER
13. Nomads
Central Asia’s geography consists
of steppes or vast grasslands.
Grasslands enabled the Mongols
to become skilled horsemen and
fierce warriors.
Southwest Asia’s geography
consists of deserts, good ports, a
limited water supply and oil. It is
known as crossroads for people of
Africa, Asia and Europe.
Europe’s geography consists of
forests and fertile soil. It is
located near seas and rivers. Its
plentiful resources allowed for
early industrialization.
Nomads are people who move
from place to place in search of
basic necessities.
Moving
with the
Moon and
the Stars
14. Archaeologist
DIGGING
UP THE
PAST
Archaeologists are scientists who
study past cultures by analyzing
human remains and artifacts.
Created by Elizabeth
Napp and Jawanda
Spears
15. Primary/ Secondary Sources
A primary source is a first-hand
account of an event. A secondary
source is an account written by a
person who has not personally
experienced the event.
I Saw.
You Heard.
16. Irrigation
Irrigation is artificially supplying
water to farmlands.
Bringing
the water
to the land.
17. Atlas and Almanac
An atlas is a bound collection of
maps. An almanac is a yearly
calendar showing the times of
certain events, as the rising and
setting of the sun and the moon as
well as the dates of holidays.
The Neolithic Revolution
occurred when some people
experienced a shift from a hunter
and gathering lifestyle to a
sedentary, agricultural lifestyle.
Atlas-maps
Almanacs-Facts
18. Neolithic Revolution
Grow, Don’t Go
19. Civilization
A civilization is a community
characterized by elements such as
a system of writing, development
of social classes, and cities.
Cities
20. Mesopotamia
The land
between the
rivers.
This was the land between the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The
world’s earliest civilization,
Sumer, developed in this region. It
was noted for its city-states,
irrigation, ziggurats, cuneiform,
and polytheistic perspective.
Created by Elizabeth
Napp and Jawanda
Spears
21. Egyptian Civilization
Pyramids on
the Nile
22. Harappan Civilization
Cities
on a
Grid
23. Civilization in China
Farming
in the
East
24. Olmecs
Beware of
The
GODS
25.Babylonians
The Code of
Hammurabi
26. Minoan Civilization
Linear A
Linear B
27. Ancient Greece
CityState
CityState
28. Phoenicians
ABC
Egyptian civilization developed
along the banks of the Nile River.
It was noted for its pharaohs,
hieroglyphics, polytheism,
pyramids, mummification and
agriculture.
Harappan civilization developed
along the banks of the Indus
River. It was noted for its cities,
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro as
well as its technological advances
such as plumbing and grid
patterns.
The earliest Chinese civilization
developed along the banks of the
Huang He river in Eastern China.
Though the river provided water
for irrigation, it sometimes
flooded with tragic results.
The Olmec empire was the first
major civilization in the
Americas. It emerged in the
tropical rain forest along the gulf
coast of Mexico. Their legacy
was their devotion to religion and
their honored class of priests.
The Babylonians lived in
Mesopotamia after the fall of
Sumerian civilization. They are
noted for their Code of
Hammurabi, one of the world’s
earliest legal codes.
This civilization developed on the
island of Crete. This was the first
Greek civilization. They engaged
in trade and developed new forms
of writing (linear A and linear B).
Ancient Greek civilization
developed on a mountainous
peninsula on the Aegean sea.
Two of the more famous citystates of this civilization were
Athens and Sparta. Athens was
noted for having the world’s first
democracy while Sparta was
militaristic.
The Phoenicians developed the
first phonetic alphabet and the
world’s first library.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
29. Hebrews
The Ten
Commandments
30. monotheism
ONE
GOD
31. polytheism
GOD GOD GOD
GOD GOD GOD
GOD GOD GOD
GOD GOD GOD
GOD GOD GOD
32. Judaism
THE
TORAH
33. Aryans
The Hebrews developed the
world’s first lasting monotheistic
religion. Judaism was an ethical,
monotheistic religion.
Monotheism is the belief in one
God.
Polytheism is the belief in many
Gods.
Judaism was the world’s first
lasting monotheistic religion.
Followers believe that the one true
God made a covenant with his
people. Jews also believe that
God gave the people the Ten
Commandments through the great
prophet, Moses. The Torah is its
sacred text.
The Aryans were warriors who
invaded India from Europe and
Asia in the 1500 B.C.
INVADERS
34. Hinduism
Brahmins
Warriors
Merchants
Farmers
Untouchables
35. Ancestor Worship
Grandpa,
Send us Rain!
36. Animism
Every
Flower
Has
A
Spirit
Hinduism is the dominant religion
of India. It is considered a
polytheistic religion that teaches
belief in reincarnation, karma,
dharma, and caste. Its sacred
language is Sanskrit. It has no
known founder.
Ancestor worship was one of the
world’s earliest religious
experiences. People pray to their
dearly departed ancestors for
prosperity and protection.
Animism is the belief that every
living and nonliving thing in
nature has a spirit.
According to Animists
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37. Mandate of Heaven
This Chinese belief taught that the
emperor ruled because the Gods
had chosen him to rule. The Gods
could revoke the Mandate, thus
allowing the people to overthrow
an incompetent or corrupt
emperor.
The Gods
Choose the
Emperor
38. Zoroastrianism
GOOD
EVIL
39. Ancient Greek Philosophers
I have a
question!
40. Athens
VOTE
41. Sparta
All Men
to War!
42. Alexander the Great
Spreading Greek
Culture
43. Hellenism
Mixing
Greek,
Persian,
Egyptian
and Indian
This religion developed in Persia
by the Prophet Zoroaster. It
taught that the world was a
battlefield between the one God of
Good and the Evil one. People
were free to choose whom they
followed but evil doers who suffer
the pains of Hell.
Socrates taught his followers to
question assumptions and
theories. Plato believed in
absolute truth and goodness. He
taught that behind every visible
thing was a universal form or
idea.
Athens was a Greek city-state
noted for being the world’s first
democracy.
Sparta was a Greek city-state
noted for being a militaristic state
where all citizens prepared for
war and Helots or slaves who did
the farming.
He was a Macedonian emperor
who conquered parts of Europe,
Africa and Southwest Asia. He
spread Greek culture.
Hellenism is a type of culture that
resulted from Alexander the
Great’s conquests. It blended
Greek, Persian, Egyptian and
Indian influences.
Created by Elizabeth
Napp and Jawanda
Spears
44. Roman Republic
Citizens:
Remember
to Vote
45. Roman Empire
All Roads Lead to
Rome
46. Pax Romana
47. Christianity
48. The Fall of Rome
Here lies
Rome…
476AD
49. Jainism
This republic was founded in 509
BC. It established a new form of
government. In a republic, the
people choose government
officials. This developed on the
Italian peninsula.
The Roman empire replaced the
Roman republic as the Romans
began to conquer. Its emperors
were called Caesar after Julius
Caesar, the first emperor. The
Romans conquered much of
Europe, North Africa and Asia.
The Roman legacy includes a
system of laws, architecture,
engineering and Christianity.
It was a 200-year peace in the
Roman Empire that began with
the emperor Augustus. During
this period, trade and prosperity
increased.
Jesus Christ, a Hebrew living
under Roman occupation, founded
Christianity. This religion taught
love of God and neighbor,
forgiveness and salvation.
Christians believe that Jesus rose
from the dead and that those who
believe in Him shall have
everlasting life.
The Roman Empire fell due to
barbarian invasions, corrupt
rulers, high taxes and general
unrest among its populace.
VIOLENCE
Mahavira founded this Indian
religion in about 500 BC. He
taught the doctrine of ahimsa or
complete nonviolence. Jains are
vegetarians who believe in
reincarnation.
Suffering
Siddhartha Gautama founded this
Indian religion in about 563 BC.
He taught that life is suffering but
suffering can end. His Four
Noble Truths spread into China,
Japan and parts of Southeast
50. Buddhism
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
51. Maurya Empire
VIOLENCE
52. Gupta Empire
Hey, did
you know
the Guptas
invented the
decimal
system?
53. Confucianism
Confucius
says,
Honor the
Superior!
54. Taoism
Be True To Your Nature!
55. Legalism
Bury him alive
for he has done
wrong!
Asia.
This empire was founded by
Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BC
in India. Its most famous ruler
was Asoka, a Hindu who after a
particularly brutal battle
denounced violence and became
a tolerant ruler as well as a
Buddhist.
Gupta civilization was a golden
age in India. Its
accomplishments included
advances in art, literature and
science. During this period, the
decimal system, the concept of
zero, and numerals were
invented. Doctors set broken
bones, practiced sterilization and
used vaccinations.
Confucius developed this
Chinese philosophy during the
500s BC. It taught that there
were five primary relationships
(ruler and subject, husband and
wife, father and son, elder brother
and younger brother, and friend
and friend). In most of these
relationships, there is a superior
and an inferior. The superior
must provide for and protect the
inferior and the inferior must
obey. Confucius valued order,
family and harmony. It became
the official philosophy of China
during the Han dynasty.
This Chinese philosophy
developed during the 500s BC.
Its supposed founder was LaoTzu. It taught to live in peace
and harmony with nature and to
honor a person’s true nature. Its
symbol was the Yin-Yang, a
symbol of nonduality.
This Chinese philosophy was the
dominant philosophy of the Qin
dynasty. It taught that people
were inherently selfish and would
only obey if harshly punished for
wrongdoing. During this time
period, the emperor ruled by
force.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
56. Zhou Dynasty
Will these
warlords ever
stop fighting?
57. Qin Dynasty
A
Unified
China
58. Han Dynasty
The Chinese invented
paper, the
wheelbarrow and
anesthesia during
this golden age.
59. Islam
The 5
Pillars
of the
Faith
During this Chinese dynasty, the
Zhou rulers steadily lost power
and China descended into control
by feudal lords. Given the crisis
of the times, new philosophical
schools, such as Confucianism
and Taoism, developed.
The Qin dynasty defeated the
warlords and unified the country
in 221 BC. Shi Huangdi, “first
emperor”, standardized weights,
measures, and coinage. A unified
system of writing was introduced
and legalist teachings were used
to control the people. This
dynasty lasted only fifteen years.
During this dynasty, construction
on the Great Wall of China
began.
This Chinese dynasty was
founded by a peasant general and
lasted 400 years. A civil
examination was introduced to
select the most qualified people
to serve in government and
Confucianism became the official
philosophy of China. Chinese
accomplishments during this
dynastic period included the
invention of paper, the
wheelbarrow, the fishing reel, the
rudder, acupuncture, anesthesia
and jade and ivory carvings. It
was a golden age.
This religion was founded by the
Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in
622 AD. It teaches the belief in
one God (Allah) and the Five
Pillars of the Faith. The Five
Pillars include the statement of
faith, praying five times a day,
fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan, charity to the poor, and
pilgrimage to Mecca. Followers
of this faith are called Muslims.
Created by Elizabeth Napp
and Jawanda Spears
60. Golden Age of Islam
Muslims
developed algebra
and medical
books.
61. Silk Road
TRADE
62. Bantu Migrations
Migrating
South
63. Griots
At its height under the Abbasid
dynasty, Muslims experienced a
golden age. Muslims preserved
Greek and Roman ideas, used
beautiful writing to decorate
buildings and art, set up hospitals
with emergency rooms, studied
diseases and wrote medical
books, and developed algebra.
This series of trading routes
connected China to Southwest
Asia and Europe. It allowed for
cultural diffusion.
Bantu languages are spoken over
most of the southern third of the
African continent. People who
spoke these languages migrated
south in order to find more
favorable living conditions.
Griots are West African oral
historians.
This is our
history.
64. West African Kingdoms
TRADE
65. Mansa Musa
The king
converted to
Islam.
66. Trans-Saharan Trade
TRADE
The successive kingdoms of
Ghana, Mali and Songhai
developed in West Africa. Their
wealth depended on their control
of the Trans-Saharan trade routes.
Mansa Musa was a famous ruler
of Mali. He converted to Islam
and made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
After this capable ruler died,
Mali fell into disarray.
These trade routes across the
Sahara connected North Africa
and West Africa. North African
nomads brought salt and
exchanged it for West African
gold.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
67. East African Coast
Swahili is a
language
that mixes
Arabic and
African
words.
68. Mayas
A 365 Day
Calendar
69. Aztecs
Giving
Human
Blood to the
Sun God.
70. Incas
Terrace Farming
Along the East African coast,
various civilizations emerged. Its
location allowed for cultural
diffusion between Africa and
Asia. This development of the
Swahili, a language that mixes
Arabic and African words.
The Mayas developed a
civilization in the Yucatan
peninsula between 300BC and
900 AD. The Mayas successfully
farmed on raised platforms in the
rain forest, built pyramids and
developed hieroglyphics. They
were advanced in astronomy and
engineering. The Mayas
developed the concept of zero, an
accurate calendar and a number
system. They experienced a
golden age.
The Aztecs developed a
civilization in central Mexico
during the 1200s AD. They built
pyramids, engaged in human
sacrifice, built floating islands to
farm in the swamps, and were
skilled warriors. The Spaniard,
Hernan Cortes, conquered them
in the 1500s.
The Incas built an empire in the
Andes Mountains of South
America. They successfully
farmed in the mountains by
engaging in terrace farming.
They provided for the sick and
the elderly and built many roads
and bridges along the
mountainsides. Francisco Pizarro
conquered them in the 1500s.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
71. Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was
formerly the Eastern Roman
Empire. After the collapse of the
Western Empire, this empire
survived for another thousand
years. Its accomplishments
included the Justinian Code (a
legal system), engineering,
architecture, and art. Orthodox
Christianity became the official
religion of the empire. It was an
autocracy.
In 1054 AD, a schism occurred in
the Christian Church. Western
European Christians accepted the
supremacy of the Pope in Rome
and were called Catholics.
Eastern European Christians
accepted the supremacy of the
Patriarch of Constantinople and
became Orthodox Christians.
The
Justinian
Code
72. Orthodox Christianity
ROMAN CATHOLIC
ORTHODOX CHURCH
73. The Rise of Russia
Orthodox
Church
74. Ottoman Turks
Muslim
conquerors
of the
Byzantines
75. Feudalism
LORDS
KNIGHTS
An ethnic group called the Rus
first appeared in the historical
record in 860 AD. They grew in
size and power and were
influenced by the Byzantines.
They became Orthodox
Christians and used the Cyrillic
alphabet.
The Ottoman Turks attacked and
conquered the Byzantine empire
in 1453 AD. They restricted
trade between European and
Asians. This encouraged
Europeans to search for an allwater route to Asia. They were
Muslim conquerors.
This political system occurred in
Europe after the collapse of the
Roman Empire. It is a system of
government in which local lords
control their own lands but owe
military service and other support
to a greater lord.
SERFS
76. Manorialism
A selfsufficient
village
This economic system
accompanied feudalism in
Europe. It is structured around a
lord’s manor or estate. The
lord’s manor was self-sufficient,
thus eliminating the need for
trade.
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77. Medieval Europe
LORDS
KNIGHTS
SERFS
78. Magna Carta
The King’s
power is
limited.
79. Constitutional Monarchy
The
Constitution
is the Law of
the Land.
80. Crusades
HOLY WARS
81. Tang and Song Dynasties
Trade, the Arts
and Agriculture
Flourished.
82. Shinto
Everything in
Nature has
A Spirit!
83. Samurai
THE CODE
OF
BUSHIDO
This time period occurred in
Europe after the collapse of the
Roman empire in 476 AD. It was
marked by a reliance on
feudalism and manorialism.
Peasants became serfs or people
who were bound to their lords’
manors. They labored for their
lords and gave up freedom of
movement in exchange for their
lords’ protection.
This was a charter signed by the
English King John in 1215AD. It
placed limits on the King’s power
and signaled the beginning of a
constitutional monarchy.
A constitutional monarchy is a
type of government characterized
by a monarch whose power is
limited by the nation’s
constitution.
The Crusades were a series of
holy wars between European
Christians and Muslims for
control of Jerusalem and the holy
lands.
Under the Tang and Song
dynasties, government was
efficient and society was well
structured and stable. Farming
and trade flourished and the
Chinese created beautiful works
of literature, art and architecture.
During this period, Chinese
culture spread to Japan.
This was a traditional Japanese
religion. It was a form of
animism, teaching the belief in
kami or good spirits in nature.
The samurai were Japanese
warriors similar to European
knights. They served their lords
faithfully and adhered to the
Code of Bushido, a warrior code
of conduct.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears
84. Feudal Japan
SHOGUN
DAIMYO
SAMURAI
Working Folk
Fights between rival warlords
lead to the development of
feudalism in the 1100s AD. The
emperor lost his power and a
shogun or military dictator
eventually emerged as the
absolute ruler of Japan.
THE EMPEROR HAS NO
POWER.
85. Delhi Sultanate
Muslims in
India
86. Mongols
From Central
Asia, they
conquered a
vast empire.
87. Genghis Khan
This Muslim dynasty in India
was founded in 1206 AD.
Sultans or Muslim rulers ruled it.
India’s people were mostly
Hindus and resented Muslim rule.
These Central Asian warriors
were skilled horsemen united
under Genghis Khan. They
conquered much of Asia and
Eastern Europe.
The ruthless ruler
who killed his
half-brother…
Genghis Khan was a Mongol
ruler who united the Mongols and
began the expansion of the
Mongol empire.
Laying the
foundation for a
modern culture in
Iran
The Safavids rose to power in
Persia in the 1200s. They were
Shi’ite Muslims who laid the
foundation for a national culture
in modern Iran.
A building for
my beloved
wife
The Mongol, Babur, founded this
Muslim empire in India. Its most
famous ruler was Akbar who was
tolerant of Hindus. Another
ruler, Shah Jahan, built the Taj
Mahal for his beloved wife.
88. Safavid Persia
89. Mughal India
90. Ming Dynasty
Stop the
expeditions, turn
inward!
This Chinese dynasty freed the
Chinese from Mongol rule
engaged in naval expeditions
abroad. Eventually, the
expeditions were stopped and the
Chinese turned inwards.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda
Spears
91. Black Death
The bubonic plague first broke
out in China and was spread into
Europe by traders and
missionaries. Between 1347 and
1351, a third of Europe’s
population died.
New economic developments led
to improvements in business
methods and practices in Europe
after the medieval period. This
led to the beginning of capitalism
in Europe.
Here lies one-third
of Europe’s
population.
92. Commercial Revolution
Invest your
dollars in
Mr.
Brown’s
new
venture
93. Renaissance
You are an individual!
94. Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was
a period when some Europeans
broke away from the Roman
Catholic Church and formed new
Christian churches called
Protestant churches. It began
when Martin Luther, a German
monk, posted his ninety-five
theses on a church in 1517.
Absolutism is a system of
government characterized by
rulers who have complete
authority over the government
and the lives of their subjects.
95
THESES…
Posted by
Martin
Luther
95. Absolutism
I AM
THE
STATE
96. Westernization in Russia
LOOKING
WEST
97. Scientific Revolution
North
West
Compass
This period of great creativity in
Europe began in the 1300s and
continued into the 1600s. It was
marked by a belief in humanism
or the inherent worth and
creativity of individual human
beings. It looked to the ancients
Greeks and Romans for
inspiration.
East
The Russian czar, Peter the
Great, began to westernize or
adopt Western European ways in
Russia. He gained access to the
Baltic Sea and built St.
Petersburg as his window to the
west.
The Scientific Revolution was a
period in the 1500s and 1600s in
which scientific thinkers
challenged traditional ideas and
relied on observation and
experimentation.
South
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98. Age of Exploration
SAILING
99. Conquest of the Americas
CONQUEST
100. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
EUROPE
AMERICAS
SS
AFRICA
As Europeans sought an all-water
route to Asia in order to avoid
Ottoman interference in trade and
as new navigational advances
occur, Europeans began to
explore the seas and develop new
trades routes in the 1400s.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus
landed in the islands of the
Caribbean. He claimed the land
for Spain and paved the way for
other European explorers and
conquerors to claim parts of the
Americas for the European rulers.
The indigenous people were
easily conquered due to European
military power, firearms,
domesticated horses and diseases.
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
occurred during the 1500s to
1800s. Due to the deaths of large
numbers of Native American
Indians, Africans were captured
and shipped to the Americas by
Europeans and Americans.
These captured Africans were
enslaved and forced to work on
plantations. Millions of Africans
were enslaved. This trade
destroyed Trans-Saharan trade,
increased tribal warfare, and
greatly weakened West African
political, economic, and social
stability.
Created by Elizabeth Napp and
Jawanda Spears