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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------------------Force and Motion 7th Grade
Science-Study Guide
Focus Question
1. How would you
draw and describe
motion using a
reference point?
Detailed Explanation
Real World Example: Draw a Picture(caption) or
Write in Words
Detailed Explanation
Real World Example: Draw a Picture(caption) or
Write in Words
1. The red flag would be a
Reference point.
Focus Question
2. What is the
difference
between speed and
velocity?
_ SPEED IS THE DISTANCE TRAVELED BY AN OBJECT
DIVIDED BY THE TIME TAKEN TO TRAVEL THAT DISTANCE.
VELOCITY MUST INCLUDE A REFERENCE DIRECTION.
3. How could you
use the formula for
speed to describe
the motion of an
object? How could
you include velocity
in your problem?
Formula: Speed = Distance / Time
Speed: A CAR IS TRAVELLING 60
MPH
Velocity: A CAR IS TRAVELLING
60 MPH SOUTH.
Sample problem:
A family makes a 400 mile road trip in 8 hours. What was their average speed during their trip?
400 miles / 8 hours = 50 miles/hour (mph)
Velocity: A family travels 3 hours north on I-75 for 210 miles. What was their velocity during their trip?
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210 miles / 3 hours = 70 mph North
4. How would you
show an object
moving at a
constant speed, an
object at rest and
an object
accelerating on a
line graph?
Constant Speed
D
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t
a
n
At Rest
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
c
e
Acceleration
Deceleration
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
e
Time
Time
Time
FORCE IS A PUSH OR PULL
5. What is a force?
1. Pulling a wagon
2. Pushing a sofa to a new spot in
the room
6. List 3
examples of a
contact force and
describe why it is
a contact force.
1.
Friction: Friction: The rougher the surface, the more
contact force. Air friction.
Real World Example:
Draw a Picture(caption) or Write in Words
2. Air Resistance: Air making contact with surfaces and
opposing motion
Tread on tires
3. Buoyancy: The upward force of water to lift an object
Boat
Parachute
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7. List 3
examples of a
noncontact force
and describe why
it is a noncontact
force.
8. How could you
illustrate balanced
(zero net) forces?
You must show an
object at rest and
one in constant
motion.
1. Gravity: The downward force over a distance
2. Magnetic Forces: Force over a distance
3. Static Electricity: Force over a distance
Real World Example:
Draw a Picture(caption) or Write in Words
Jumping out of an airplane
North and South Pole
Pulling socks off of a towel
At Rest
In Constant Motion
ALL OF THE FORCES ON THE CARDS
ARE BALANCED. THAT IS WHY THE
CARDS DON’T MOVE.
A RACE CAR TRAVELING 145 MPH IN A STRAIGHT
LINE.
9. What is a situation
where two forces act
on an object in the
opposite and equal
direction? Include
what happens to the
object’s speed and
direction.
YOU ARE AT A PEP ASSEMBLY AND THE 7TH AND 8TH GRADERS ARE PLAYING TUG-A-WAR.
EACH TEAM IS PULLING WITH THE SAME FORCE AND THE FLAG IN THE MIDDLE IS NOT
MOVING.
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10. What is a
situation where two
forces act on an
object in the
opposite and unequal
direction? Include
what happens to the
object’s speed and
direction
11. How does the
mass of an object
affect the force
needed to change
the object’s
motion?
12. What are
Newton’s Laws of
motion?
_MASS IS A MEASURE OF INERTIA. AN OBJECT THAT
HAS A SMALL MASS HAS LESS INERTIA THAN AN OBJECT
THAT HAS A LARGE MASS. SO, CHANGING THE MOTION
OF AN OBJECT THAT HAS A SMALL MASS IS EASIER
THAN CHANGING THE MOTION OF AN OBJECT THAT HAS
A LARGE MASS
1ST LAW: AN OBJECT AT REST REMAINS AT REST, AND
AN OBJECT IN MOTION REMAINS IN MOTION AT
CONSTANT SPEED AND IN A STRAIGHT LINE UNLESS
ACTED ON BY AN UNBALANCED FORCE. ALSO KNOWN AS
LAW OF INERTIA.
2ND LAW: THE ACCELERATION OF AN OBJECT DEPENDS
A SOFTBALL HAS LESS MASS AND
THEREFORE LESS INERTIA THAN
A BOWLING BALL. IT’S MUCH
EASIER TO THROW A SOFTBALL
THAN TO THROW A BOWLING
BALL.
PENNY ON A FLICKED CARD OR
A SEAT BELT
1st Law:
IT TAKES MORE FORCE TO
MOVE A SUMO WRESTLER THAN A
TODDLER
2nd Law
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ON THE MASS OF THE OBJECT AND THE AMOUNT OF
FORCE APPLIED.
ROCKET BLASTING OFF
GROUND
3rd Law:
3RD LAW: WHENEVER ONE OBJECT EXERTS A FORCE ON A
SECOND OBJECT, THE SECOND OBJECT EXERTS AN EQUAL
AND OPPOSITE FORCE ON THE FIRST. ALL FORCES ACT IN
PAIRS—ACTION AND
REACTION.________________________________________
13.What is the
difference
between static
friction and kinetic
friction.
14. How is friction
helpful?
15. How is friction
harmful?
Static friction is staying in place (not moving).
Kinetic friction (moving friction) like rolling or sliding.
Draw a picture to show the difference
between the two types of friction.
Helps us walk and stop our car
Picture:
Friction creates heat causing wear on many materials.
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16. What factors
affect gravity
Mass (increase mass= increase g. force; decrease
mass=decrease g. force
force (increase force = increase g. force)
distance (closer=increase g. force; farther away= decrease g.
force)
17. If you’re on a
spinning ride at a
carnival and the
ride rotates to the
left, which side of
the car do you want
to sit on so you
won’t get squished?
Explain your answer
(you may use a
diagram)
YOU WANT TO BE SITTING ON THE LEFT SIDE BECAUSE THE RIDE WANTS TO TRAVEL IN A
STRAIGHT LINE. BUT BECAUSE OF THE RESTRAINTS KEEPING IT IN A CENTRIPETAL
ROTATION, IT PULLS YOU BACK THEREFORE APPLYING PRESSURE TO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE
CAR.
Bodies!!!
Ride spinning
to the left!
Inertia wants to send
you straight, but the
ride curves you to the
left. The person on the
right gets smashed!
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18. What is
energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
19. What is
Potential Energy?
POTENTIAL ENERGY IS THE ENERGY AN OBJECT HAS
BECAUSE OF ITS POSITION.
A STRETCHED BOW HAS POTENTIAL
ENERGY. THE BOW HAS ENERGY BECAUSE
WORK HAS BEEN DONE TO CHANGE ITS
SHAPE.
20. What is Kinetic
Energy?
KINETIC ENERGY IS THE ENERGY OF MOTION. ALL
MOVING OBJECTS HAVE KINETIC ENERGY.
AN ARROW FLYING THROUGH THE
AIR.
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21. What is an
example of each
type of energy?
Light
Sound
Nuclear
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
LIGHT ENERGY
IS PRODUCED
BY THE
VIBRATIONS OF
SOUND ENERGY
IS CAUSED BY AN
OBJECT’S
VIBRATIONS. WHEN
YOU STRETCH A
GUITAR STRING,
THE STRING
STORES
POTENTIAL
THE ENERGY
GIVEN OFF
BY THE SUN
COMES FROM
NUCLEAR
ENERGY
RADIATOR
GENERATORS
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
FOUND IN FOOD
ELECTRICALLY
CHARGED
PARTICLES.
MICROWAVES ARE
A GOOD
EXAMPLE
22. What are two
examples of energy
conversion?
ENERGY.
AN ENERGY CONVERSION IS A CHANGE FROM ONE FORM OF ENERGY TO ANOTHER. EX 1.
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY: A RUBBER BAND STRETCHED HAS POTENTIAL ENERGY AND WHEN
LET GO, CHANGES TO KINETIC ENERGY EX 2. CHEMICAL ENERGY OF FOOD IS CONVERTED
INTO KINETIC ENERGY
WHEN YOU ARE ACTIVE. IT IS CONVERTED INTO THERMAL ENERGY TO MAINTAIN BODY
TEMPERATURE.
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