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Motion
1.
Suppose you take a trip that covers 460 km and takes 2 hours. What
is your average speed?
2.
What is the average acceleration of a car which takes reaches 30 m/s
in 10 seconds, starting from rest?
3.
If a jet travels 1200 km with a speed of 1000 km/s, how long has it
traveled?
4.
What is the acceleration of an object at terminal velocity?
5.
On a graph of distance vs. time, what does a straight horizontal mean
line mean? What does it look like when someone is moving forward?
Backward?
6.
A parachuter leaps from an airplane and reaches terminal velocity a
thousand feet from the ground. What is his acceleration at terminal
velocity?
c. 0 m/s2
d. 9.8 m/s2
a. 9.8 m/s
b. 0 m/s
7. A model rocket flies a distance of 230 m with a speed of 28 m/s. How
long (time) does the rocket spend in the air?
a. 7.4 seconds
b. 8.2 seconds
8.
c. 6.7 seconds
d. 5.9 seconds
Jack and Jill fell down a hill with an average speed of 3 m/s for a time
of 48 seconds. What is their acceleration?
a. 0.0473 m/s2
b. 0.0625 m/s
9.
c. 0.0625 m/s2
d. 0.0473 m/s
Your school bus covers 1868 meters (equal to four bus stops) in 238
seconds. What is the school bus’s average speed?
a. 7.85 m/s
b. 6.42 m/s
c. 6.42 m/s2
d. 7.85 m/s2
Newton’s Laws
1.
Which exerts more pressure on the floor, a person standing, or the same
person sprawled out on the floor studying?
2.
When a space shuttle is in orbit around the earth in frictionless space, how
much force is needed to keep it moving at the same speed?
3.
Name 3 types of friction and tell the differences among them.
4.
Write Newton’s three laws, in order!
5.
In class, we pulled a tablecloth out from under a place setting, leaving the
place setting where it was. What property of the dishes allowed them to
remain in place?
6.
There was a little movement of the place setting. Why?
7.
Is kilogram a unit of mass or weight? On earth, how much does a 2 kg
package weigh?
8.
On Jupiter, where the force of gravity is 274 m/s2, what is the mass of the
package? Weight?
9.
What is the unit for pressure?
10. If a 20 N force and a 10 N force act in opposite directions on an object,
what is the net force on the object?
11. A boy pulls a 5 kg toy with a constant force of 15 N. What is the toy’s
acceleration?
12. What is the upward force called that is equal, but opposite in direction to,
the force of gravity?
13. A pulley supports a 50 N weight on 2 strands of rope. How much tension is
on each strand of rope?
14. Define inertia.
15. A 50 N box sits on a table. What is the force it exerts on the table? What
is the normal force?
16. A 100 kg stunt person is shot through a cannon, and accelerates at a rate of
100,000 m/s2. How much force is exerted on the stunt person?
17. What is the unit of force?
18. A man who has a weight of 500 N has feet which cover an area of .06 m2.
How much pressure does he apply to the floor when standing still?
19. Define mass.
20. If a 1 kg soccer ball is kicked with a force of 40 N, how fast will the ball
accelerate?
21.
A tablecloth is quickly pulled from underneath a set of dinner dishes. The
dishes remain in their same locations. This is due to:
a. Static Friction
b. Newton’s 1st Law
22.
c. Newton’s 3rd Law
d. Newton’s 2nd Law
Which of the following women would exert the most pressure on the ground?
a. Picabo Street on skis
b. Madonna in high heels
c. Marion Jones in sneakers
d. Mia Hamm on snow shoes
23.
What does Newton’s 2nd Law state?
a. Inertia
b. Reactions are equal and opposite.
24.
The resistance force associated with an object already in motion is:
a. Static Friction
b. Rolling Friction
25.
c. Kinetic (Sliding) Friction
d. Fluid Friction
Which of the following numbers represents a weight?
a. 48 Newtons
b. 51 grams
26.
c. 28 kg
d. 68 lbs.
Pedro Martinez pitches a .15 kg baseball to the batter with an acceleration
equal to 48 m/s2. What is the force Pedro exerts on the baseball?
a. 6.7 kilograms
b. 7.2 kilograms
27.
c. F = mass X acceleration
d. Forces occur in pairs.
c. 7.2 Newtons
d. 6.7 Newtons
According to Newton’s 3rd Law, if you push gently on something, it will push:
a. On you only if you are moving.
b. Gently back on you.
Energy
1. What is the unit of work?
2. Define power.
c. Gently on another object.
d. On you forcefully.
3. How much work is done to lift a 200 kg barbell a distance of 1 m?
4.
Define efficiency.
5.
Define mechanical advantage.
6. If you do 300 J of work using a pulley, and the pulley manages 150 J of work
on the package it is pulling, what is the efficiency of the pulley?
7. Which object has kinetic energy – a falling box or a poster hanging on the
wall?
8.
What is the mechanical advantage of a pulley that can lift a 150 N package
when you pull on the pulley with a force of 50 N?
9.
In theory a pendulum would continue to move forever. Why does it
eventually stop?
10.
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions:
PE = 800 J
Half-way down
On impact
11.
What is the potential energy of the ball at point A, B, and C?
12. What is the kinetic energy of the ball at point A, B, and C?
13. Differentiate between input force and output force.
14. Give 3 examples of potential energy.
15. Define fulcrum.
16. A person who has a mass of 60 kg runs at a speed of 8 m/s. What is his
kinetic energy?
17. What is the law of conservation of energy.
18. Give an example of a compound machine Name the simple machines found in
it.
19. What are the 6 simple machines? Give an example of each.
20. A 4328 N piano is pushed across a music stage for a distance of 13.6 meters.
How much work is done on the piano?
a. 58, 861 J
b. 43,000 J
c. 318 J
d. .003 J
21. Power is defined as the:
a.Ability to do work.
b.Rate at which work is done.
c. Force times the distance.
d. Amount of stored energy.
22. Lance Armstrong powers his 8.32 kg bicycle at a velocity of 12 m/s. What is
the bicycle’s kinetic energy?
a. 599.04 J
b. 0 J
c. 11.981 J
d. 978.43 J
23. Which of the following items represents a compound machine?
a. Jar Lid
b. Ramp
c. Seesaw
d. Scissors
24. A flagpole contains which simple machine below, to hoist the flag?
a. Inclined Plane
b. Pulley
c. Wedge
d. Lever
25. Which of the following numbers could possibly represent efficiency (output
work divided by input work)?
a. 28
b. 28 %
c. 28 Newtons
d. 28 Joules
Waves, Sound, and Light
1. What factors affect the speed of sound? Does it travel fastest in solid,
liquid, or gas (or the same in each)?
2. What happens when 2 wave crests overlap? When a wave crest overlaps
with a wave trough?
3. Give an example of the Doppler effect.
4. Is a sound wave longitudinal or transverse? Is a light wave longitudinal or
transverse?
5. The speed of sound is 340 m/s. What is the wavelength of a whistle that
has a frequency of 20,000 Hz?
6. On a picture of a wave, show the amplitude, wavelength, trough, and crest.
7. What is the period of a wave? Frequency?
8. What is the difference between reflection and refraction?
9. Are ultrasonic waves high or low frequency?
10. Name the seven types of electromagnetic waves and a use for each one.
Name them in order from highest frequency to lowest frequency.
11. Which color absorbs the most heat? Why?
12. A sound wave has a frequency of 10 Hz and a wavelength of 20 m. What is
the wave’s speed?
13. The period of a wave is 5 s. What is its frequency?
14. What color will a material appear which reflects all colors?
15. What property of electromagnetic waves remains constant?
16. When two waves meet where one wave’s crest interacts with another
wave’s trough:
a. Constructive interference occurs.
c. Nothings happens.
b. The wave crests will become larger.
d. The waves cancel out.
17. The number of wave cycles (vibrations) per unit time is called:
a. Wavelength
b. Period
c. Frequency
d. Amplitude
18. Sound energy travels using:
a. Transverse Waves
b. Electromagnetic Waves
c. Surface Waves
d. Longitudinal Waves
19. An ocean wave with a wavelength of 13.5 meters is traveling at 2 meters per
second. Please calculate this wave’s frequency.
a. 6.75 Hertz
b. .15 seconds
c. .15 Hertz
d. 6.75 seconds
20. All electromagnetic waves have the same _____________________ while
traveling through a vacuum.
a. Wavelength
b. Frequency
c. Speed
d. Energy
21. All primary colors of light are reflected off of your friend’s hooded
sweatshirt. What color does the sweatshirt appear?
a. Black
b. Cyan
c. Magenta
d. White
22. The bending of light/sound waves is called:
a. Polarization
b. Diffuse Reflection
c. Refraction
d. Regular Reflection
23. A racecar zooms past you while you are standing next to the racetrack. Due
to the Doppler Effect, what could you expect about the sound as the
racecar approaches you, and then passes by.
a. The pitch is higher, then lower.
b. Frequency is lower, then higher.
c. Pitch is lower, then higher.
d. Frequency stays the same.
24. The speed of sound through a medium depends on all of the following
characteristics EXCEPT:
a. Temperature
b. Intensity
c. Density
d. Elasticity
25. In which medium do sound waves reach the fastest speeds?
a. Plasma
b. Gas
c. Solid
d. Liquid
26. Infrasonic waves have frequencies:
a. Below 20 Hz.
b. Between 20-20,000 Hz
c. Higher than Ultrasonic.
d. Above 20,000 Hz.
Electricity and Magnetism
1. State Ohm’s Law
2. Where on a magnet is the magnetic field the strongest?
3. Define and give examples of insulators. Conductors.
4. If the current flowing through a circuit is 1 A and the resistance of a light
bulb in the circuit is 5 ohms, what is the voltage across the light bulb?
5. What is the current through a circuit if the voltage is 120 V and the
resistance is 20 ohms?
6. Define voltage. Give an example of a voltage source.
7. What is the unit for current? Voltage? Resistance?
8. Name 3 ways that charges cannot be transferred from one object to
another. Explain what each one means.
9. If resistance decreases, what happens to current?
10. Give three examples of static discharge.
11. What charge does a proton have? Electron? Neutron?
12. Name 2 types of electromagnets.
13. If a neutral object loses electrons, what is its charge?
14. What does AC mean? DC? Which type of current is used in your house?
15. What happens if one bulb goes out in a parallel circuit? Series circuit?
16. Suppose an additional light is added to a series circuit. What will happen to
the brightness of the lights? A parallel circuit?
17. Define resistance.
18. Define static electricity.
19. If a 6 V battery runs with a current of .20 A, what is the resistance?
20. What device is used to measure volts? Current?
21. Which of the following is an example of a voltage source:
a. Light Bulb
b. Battery
c. Voltmeter
d. Resistor
22. Where on a magnet is the magnetic field the strongest?
a. The force is equally strong everywhere.
b. Halfway between the magnetic poles.
c. At both magnetic poles.
d. At the North pole only.
23. TRUE or FALSE (please circle one). As the resistance in a circuit increases,
the current also increases.
24. The difference in electrical potential (potential difference) between two
places along a circuit is also referred to as:
a. Resistance
b. Induction
c. Current
d. Voltage
25. A device used to measure current is called a(n):
a. Ammeter
b. Resistor
c. Voltmeter
d. Voltage Source
Rocks and Minerals
1. What is a clastic (a type of sedimentary rock) rock composed of.
2. What types of coal is Pennsylvania famous for? Where in PA can you find
them?
3. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
4. What do we call the tendency of a mineral to split easily in certain
directions? What do we call the color of the powder made by a rock?
5. Name two characteristics of intrusive rocks. Extrusive rocks.
6. Which igneous rock looks glassy?
7. Categorize these rocks as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic: basalt,
coquina, shale, limestone, marble, conglomerate.
8. Give examples of three metamorphic rocks, and tell what rocks they came
from.
Plate Tectonics
1. What kind of plate tectonic boundary exists at Mt. St. Helens? Andes
Mtns? Himalayas? Iceland, San Andreas Fault, Japan, Red Sea?
2. What is the direction of plate movement at a convergent boundary?
Divergent? Transform?
3. Define lithosphere. Asthenosphere. Which lies on top?
4. Name the four layers of the earth. Which ones are solid? Liquid? What
elements are predominant in each layer? Which layers are thick? Thin?
5. Is Earth’s crust created, destroyed, or conserved at a converging boundary?
Diverging? Transform?
6. On the map below, locate the following geographical features we discussed in
the plate tectonics unit: Himalayas, Mt. St. Helens, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, San
Andreas Fault, Andes Mountains, Appalachian Mountains.
7. What is Pangaea?
8. At what type of boundary would you expect to find igneous rocks?
Sedimentary? Metamorphic?
9. What kinds of boundaries create volcanoes (remember, there is more than
one!).
10. When an ocean and continental crust converge, which will sink below the
other? Which of these two is younger?
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
1. What is the difference between lava and magma?
2. Name 3 types of volcanoes. Which tend to be violent? Calm? Give an
example of each.
3. A shallow earthquake is more likely to occur at what type of boundary? A
deep earthquake?
4. How do you find the epicenter of an earthquake?
5. Define viscosity. What does it have to do with volcanoes?
6. Basalt comes from what type of volcano? Andesite from what type?
7. There are three earthquake scales. What does each measure?
8. Which is faster – P, S, or surface waves? Which one does the most damage?
9. Define pyroclastic flow, lahar, lateral blast.
10. At what type of boundary does a normal fault occur? Reverse fault?
Strike-slip fault?
11. What instrument is used to measure earthquakes?
12. What is the elastic rebound theory.
13. Define epicenter. Focus.
Geologic Time
1. If a rock has a halflife of 20,000 years, and ¼ of the original remains, how
old is the rock.
2. Name the 4 eras (in order), and know what animals and plants (in general)
predominated in each one.
3. What causes an unconformity?
4. Eras can be divided into _______________. ______________ can be
further divided into_________________.
5. Differentiate between relative and absolute dating. Which is used for most
geologic work?
6. How old is Earth?
7. What is a trace fossil? Index fossil? Give an example of a trace fossil.
8. What is the law of superposition? Be able to use it to decide which rock
layers are older.
9. What is the law of crosscutting? Be able to use it also.
Natural Resources
1. What is the difference between nuclear fission and fusion? Which one is
used today?
2. Name 3 natural sources of air pollution.
3. How does acid rain form?
4. What is the greenhouse effect? Why is an increase in carbon dioxide (from
burning fossil fuels) a concern?
5. Name 3 alternative energy sources. When we say alternative, they are an
alternative to what?
6. What is the main component of air?
7. What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources.
Name 2 of each.
8. How does smog form?
9. Name three indoor pollutants.
10. Know benefits and drawbacks to each energy source used today. Know where
they are used.
11. At one time, nuclear energy was thought to be the fuel of the future. It is
clean, and the uranium is relatively inexpensive. Name 3 drawbacks to
nuclear energy that are a concern in the US.
12. Anthracite, bituminous, peat, and lignite are all part of the coal cycle. In
what order do they form?
13. What is ozone? Why is it useful in the upper atmosphere, but considered a
problem in the lower atmosphere?
14. How does the US dispose of most solid waste?
15. What does conservation mean?
16. What is a fossil fuel? How are they formed? Why should we become less
dependent on fossil fuels?
Water
1. Name three water pollutants.
2. What single industry uses the most water? How might these people reduce
the amount of water they use?
3. Name rocks that would make a good aquifer. A bad aquifer.
4. What percentage of Earth’s surface is water? Fresh water?
5. What is biomagnification?
6. Name 3 pollutants of our water supplies. Which is the greatest problem by
volume?
7. What is the difference between porosity and permeability?
8. What is BOD? What is the greatest source of BOD?
9. Explain how excess nutrients are a source of water pollution.
10. Define water table, zone of saturation, and vadose zone.
11. What must engineers consider when determining the placement of a
wastewater treatment facility?
12. Name 2 ways to reduce sediment pollution of water.
13. Conestoga Valley High School recently spent lots of money to fill a sinkhole
appearing on the athletic field. Knowing that a sinkhole is there, what is the
bedrock most likely to be?
14. What operations cause the greatest amount of oil pollution in our
waterways?
Agriculture
1. What is the Right to Farm Act?
2. What is the difference between till and to-till farming?
3. What is Integrated Pest Management?
4. What would be an example of biological IPM?
5. Name 3 major cash crops in Pennsylvania.
6. Is food generally more affordable in the US, India, or Germany?
7. Have attempts at farm preservation been successful in Lancaster County?
8. What are some problems associated with intensive livestock operations?