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Semester 2 Exam – Do not write on here 1. _________________ is defined as a force acting over a distance. a. power b. energy c. work d. potential energy 2. Calculate the kinetic energy of a 5 kg ball rolling at a constant speed of 9 m/s. a. 202.5 J b. 45 J c. 22.5 J d. 1.8 J 3. _________________ is determined using both mass and velocity. a. work b. power c. potential energy d. kinetic energy 4. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that a. the energy of a system is always decreasing b. no machine is 100% efficient c. energy is neither lost nor created d. Earth has unlimited resources For each example, select A. potential energy or B. kinetic energy 5. a stone in a stretched slingshot 6. a speeding race car 7. a water molecule in a boiling pot of water 8. the water held above a dam 9. a wound clock spring 10. The unit that measures energy is called a a. ohm b. joule c. Newton d. kilogram 11. The unit that measures power is the a. watt b. joule c. Newton d. kilogram 12. A child pulls a sled up a snow covered hill. The child uses 61 N of force to pull the sled.. If she walks a distance of 10 m, how much work has she done? a. 610 J b. 6.1 J c. 61 J d. 71 J 13. Inertia has to do with Newton’s ____________ Law. a. first b. second c. third 14. F = ma is Newton’s _______________ law. a. first b. second c. third Use the following terms to complete the sentence. a. conduction b. convection c. radiation 15. The energy from a hot object can be transferred by direct contact. This is an example of ____________. 16. Currents in the atmosphere carry warm, less dense air up and cool, more dense air down. This is an example of _____________. 17. You and your friends are sitting near a fireplace. Heat reaches you through _____________. Use the following to identify the temperature scale being used. a. Fahrenheit b. Celsius c. Kelvin 18. 19. 20. 21. Water boils at 100 degrees. Water freezes at 32 degrees. It is based on absolute zero. Water boils at 212 degrees. Use the diagram at the right to identify the parts of a wave. 22. crest 23. trough 24. amplitude 25. wavelength 26. one wave 27. Waves that need a medium to travel through are called a. longitudinal b. transverse c. mechanical 28. A sound wave is an example of a a. electromagnetic wave b. transverse wave c. longitudinal wave d. surface wave 29. The number of waves passing a given point each second is a. frequency b. wavelength c. amplitude d. speed 30. The Doppler effect of a passing siren results from an apparent change in a. loudness b. wave speed c. frequency d. interference 31. The combining of waves as they meet is known as a. a crest b. noise c. interference d. reflection 32. Waves bend as they pass through an opening. This is called a. interference b. diffraction c. refraction d. reflection 33. A sonar device can use echoes of ultrasound underwater to find the a. speed of sound b. depth of the water c. temperature of the water d. height of the waves of the surface 34. Which of the following is the most dangerous? a. microwaves b. alpha particles c. beta particles d. gamma rays 35. Which of the following is electronically neutral? a. a proton b. an electron c. a hydrogen atom d. a hydrogen ion 36. Christmas lights are an example of a a. attracted circuit b. series circuit c. parallel circuit d. repelled circuit 37-38. Is this a positive or negative charge? a. positive b. negative a. positive b. negative 39. Of the above two pictures, which charge is greater? a. the positive b. the negative 40. Conductors have ____________________ resistance to the flow of electrons. a. high b. low 41. This circuit is wired in a. parallel b. series 42. Which of the following can help prevent a circuit from overloading? a. a bulb b. extinguisher c. a switch d. circuit breaker 43. If you bring a north pole of a magnet close to a south pole of another magnet, they will a. attract b. repel 44. The basic types of galaxies are a. spiral, elliptical, and irregular b. barred, elliptical, and open c. spiral, quasar, and pulsar d. open, binary, and globular 45. Which of the following is the possible age of the universe? a. 4.6 million years b. 15 million years c. 4.6 billion years d. 15 billion years 46. A pattern of stars as seen from Earth is called a a. galaxy b. nebula c. cluster d. constellation 47. The shape of the orbit of the Earth is a. a circle b. an ellipse c. an arc d. a pulsar 48. The largest planet in our solar system is a. Mars b. Uranus c. Saturn d. Jupiter 49. During a solar eclipse, a. the moon blocks out the sun b. the sun stops emitting light c. the Earth blocks the sun d. none of these 50. Two tectonic plates moving apart are called a. convergent b. divergent c. transform d. subduction 51. Explosions of magma out of a vent in the Earth’s crust is called a(n) a. epicenter b. earthquake c. volcano d. fault line 52. Rocks formed under heat and pressure are called a. metamorphic b. sedimentary c. igneous d. minerals 53. The sequence of events where one rock form changes into another and back again is described by a. the rock family b. the rock cycle c. metamorphism d. deposition 54. ________________ rock is formed from cooled and hardened magma or lava. a. schist b. igneous c. metamorphic d, sedimentary 55. The point where water condenses out of the air is called the a. dew point b. freezing point c. 80 degrees F d, absolute zero 56. CFC’s, chemicals used in refrigerants and propellants in spray cans, are partly to blame for the reduction of _______________ in the atmosphere. a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. ozone d. methane 57. Cumulonimbus and nimbostratus clouds both a. appear white and fluffy b. produce precipitation c. occur at high altitudes d. look thin and wispy 58. Which is not a part of the water cycle? a. evaporation b. transpiration c. precipitation d. photosynthesis 59. Auroras are colorful displays of light in this layer of the atmosphere. a. ionosphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. troposphere 60. Weather occurs in this layer of the atmosphere. a. ionosphere b. stratosphere d. troposphere c. mesosphere Match the following weather instrument with what it measures. 61. thermometer 62. barometer 63. psychrometer a. relative humidity b. air pressure c. temperature 64. Using Newton’s second law, how much force is required to roll a ball down a hill with an acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 if the mass of the ball is 0.15 kg? a. 65 N b. 1.47 N c. 9.65 N d. 14.4 N 65. It takes 30 J of work to move a large box in 5 min. How much power is needed to move the box? a. 6 W b. 150 W c. 25 W d. 0.17 W 66. Sound waves travel through the ear as ____________________. a. pulses b. light c. vibrations d. water 67. What is the function of the pupil in your eye? a. To give your eye color b. To make tears c. To refract light d. To regulate the amount of light going into the eye 68. If a light ray comes in at 45° to the normal, what is the angle of reflection? a. 90° b. 30° c. 45° `d. 60° 69. The color that we see is the wavelength that is a. reflected b. absorbed 70. The lens that brings light waves together is called a. converging b. diverging 71. When a hair dryer is plugged into a 120 V outlet, it has a 6.0 A current in it. What is the hair dryer’s power rating? a. 20 W b. 30 W c. 720 W d. 7200 W 72. The headlights of a car are powered by a 12 V battery. What is the resistance of the headlights if they draw 4.0 A of current when turned on? a. 4 Ω b. 3 Ω c. 48 Ω d. 3.3 Ω 73. Current is the rate in which charges move through a(an) a. conductor b. insulator c. voltage d. joule 74. The speed of sound depends on a. the temperature of the medium b. the density of the medium c. how well the particles of the medium transfer energy d. all of the above 75. As the frequency of waves increases, the wavelength _________________. a. decreases b. increases YOU’RE FINISHED! HAVE A GREAT SUMMER.