Download Physics Midterm

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GCE PHYSICS
TAG FFISEG
Advanced Level / Safon Uwch
Constants, Formulae, and Mathematical Information
A clean copy of this booklet should be issued to candidates for their use during each GCE
Physics examination in the new specification. It is not to be used in legacy specification
examinations.
Centres are asked to issue this booklet to candidates at the start of the GCE Physics
course to enable them to become familiar with its contents and layout.
Fundamental Constants
Avogadro constant
Fundamental electronic charge
Mass of an electron
Molar gas constant
Acceleration due to gravity at sea level
Universal constant of gravitation
Planck constant
Speed of light in vacuo
Permittivity of free space
Permeability of free space
Stefan constant
Wien constant
Units
T / K =  / C + 27315
1 u = 166  10-27 kg
NA
e
me
R
g
G
h
c
o
o

W
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6.02  1023 mol 1
160  1019 C
911  1031 kg
831 J mol1 K1
981 m s2
667  10-11 N m2 kg-2
663  1034 J s
300  108 m s1
885  1012 F m1
4  107 H m1
567  10-8 W m2 K-4
290  10-3 m K
AS

m
I
V
v  u  at
x
1
2
c f
Q
t
T
I  nAve
u  v  t
R
l
v 2  u 2  2ax
F = ma
W  Fx cos
E  mg h
E  12 kx 2
ay
D
d sin   n
n1v1  n2 v2
n1 sin 1  n2 sin  2
Ek max  hf  
V  E  Ir
V 
VOUT 
R
Vtotal 
VIN 
Rtotal
 or
E  12 mv 2
f

A
V
R
I
P  IV
x  ut  12 at 2
1

max  W T 1
P  A T 4
Fx  12 mv 2  12 mu 2
Efficiency 
Useful energy transfer
total energy input
 100%
Particle Physics
particle
(symbol)
charge (e)
Lepton
number
Leptons
electron
electron neutrino

(e )
(e)
0
1
1
1
Quarks
up (u)
down (d)
 23
 13
0
0
A2

v  r
Mr
1000
pV  nRT
a   2r
p  13  c 2
a   2 x
x  A sin(  t   )
v  A cos ( t   )
U  32 nRT

F  BIl sin  and F  Bqv sin 
M / kg 
t
k
m
T  2
k
p  mv
Q  mc
h
p

 v


c
o I
2 a
B  o nI
  AB cos 
V
Vr.m.s.  0
2
B
R
NA
W  pV
A  N
U  Q  W
Q
C
V
o A
N  N o e t or N 
C
A  Ao e  t

d
U  12 QV
No
2x
A
or A  xo
2
log e 2
T 12
E  mc 2
Q  Q0 e  RC
t
Fields
1 Q1Q2
4 0 r 2
MM
F  G 12 2
r
F
E
1
Q
40 r 2
g
GM
r2
1 Q
40 r
 GM
Vg 
r
VE 
W  qVE ,
W  mVg
Orbiting Bodies
Centre of mass: r1 
M2
d;
M1  M 2
Period of Mutual Orbit: T  2
Options
A:
V1
N1
B: c 
C:  

V2
N2
1
 0 0
l
l
;
I
;
t
; E  L
;
t 
D: I  I 0 exp    x  ;
X L  L ;
XC 
1
C

1
Y
d3
G  M1  M 2 

;

v2
c2
 
F
A
Z  c
;
U  12 V
;
Z
X 2  R2 ;
Q
0 L
R
E:
Q
t
  AK

x
Q2 T2

Q1 T1
K
x
U
;
Carnot efficiency 
 Q1  Q2 
Mathematical Information
SI Multipliers
Multiple Prefix
Symbol
Multiple
Prefix
Symbol
10-18
atto
a
103
kilo
k
10-15
femto
f
106
mega
M
10-12
pico
p
109
giga
G
10-9
nano
n
1012
tera
T
10-6
micro

1015
peta
P
10-3
milli
m
1018
exa
E
10-2
centi
c
1021
zetta
Z
Areas and volumes
Area of a circle   r 2 
d2
4
Area of a triangle = ½ base  height
;
Solid
rectangular block
Surface area
2  lh  hb  lb 
cylinder
2 r  r  h 
sphere
4 r 2
Volume
lbh
 r 2h
4
 r3
3
Trigonometry
P

R
sin  
PQ
;
PR
Q
cos 
QR
;
PR
tan  
PQ
;
QR
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
sin 
 tan 
cos
Q1
1) Draw an atom of oxygen, 168 O
(3)
2) For the atom Saundium, BA Sa , what do the letters A and B represent?
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(2)
3) Uranium has 92 electrons and 146 neutrons, write this in the notation above
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(2)
4) Tick the correct boxes in the table below
Lepton
Hadron
Baryon
Meson
Proton
Pion+
Electron
Antielectron
neutrino
Up quark
(5)
5) Complete the following table:
Quark
Up
Charge
2/3
Baryon number
Down
Lepton number
1/3
Anti-up
Anti-down
0
1/3
(4)
6) A proton has a charge of +1 and a Baryon number of +1, describe an antiproton
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(2)
7) Beta decay of Carbon-14 is shown below
C
147 N  10 
14
6
What is missing from this equation and why is it needed?
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(2)
8) Complete the following table
Force
Gravitational
Experienced by
Range
Very short range
All charged particles
Strong
(4)
9) What is the difference between a baryon and a meson?
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(2)
10) What do mesons always contain
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(1)
11) A neutron is a neutral baryon, using the table in question 5 give its structure
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(2)
12) A pi plus is a positive meson, using the table in question 5 give its structure
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(2)
13) What is a line absorption spectrum and how do they occur in stars
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(2)
14) What are black bodies?
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(2)
15) Sketch a graph of a yellow stars intensity against wavelength given that yellow
has a wavelength of 550nm
(3)
16) Add to the sketch a line for a colder star
(2)
17) State Wien’s displacement law in words
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(2)
18) What is the peak wavelength of a star with a temperature of 9000°C?
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(3)
19) Stephan-Boltzan’s law is: I  T 4 , where T is the Kelvin temperature
What is the term I and what are its units?
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(2)
20) Luminosity is the term given to the power of a star. How is luminosity linked to
area, σ and temperature?
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(1)
21) What is the formula for the surface area of a sphere?
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(1)
22) Calculate the luminosity of the sun. Its diameter is 1.4x106km and its temperature
is 5800K. (you will need the equations from Q19, Q20 & Q21)
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(3)
23) Calculate the radius of a star whose luminosity is 4.5x1028W at a temperature of
14,000K. (you will need the equations from Q19, Q20 & Q21)
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(3)
24) Give the rough percentage (by mass) of hydrogen and helium in the observed
universe.
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(2)
25) The following is the proton-proton chain.
p  p  d  X  ve
p  d  23He  Y
3
2
He  23He  24 He  Z
What do the letters X, Y and Z represent?
X = .............................................................................................................................
Y = .............................................................................................................................
Z = .............................................................................................................................
(3)
25) What makes d similar to p and what makes d different to p? (p.s. it’s not just that they
are different letters)
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(2)
26) What does the symbol ve represent and why are they so hard to detect on Earth?
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(2)