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Carbon plays an important role in living organisms. This is because carbon can combine in many ways with
itself and other elements to make a huge variety of compounds.
Carbon exists in four different forms as a pure element. Each of the different forms have different structures
(and different value!) Look up those four forms on page 294 and list them here. Include one possible use of
each type of pure carbon:
1. ___________________ Uses? ______________________________________
2. ___________________ Uses? ______________________________________
3. ___________________ Uses? ______________________________________
4. ___________________ Uses? ______________________________________
Are the four examples listed above compounds or molecules? Explain your answer:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Each carbon atom can form four bonds with itself or with other elements to form compounds.. A simple carbon
compound is CH4, methane. Methane is a hydrocarbon because it contains only hydrogen and carbon.
Draw methane here:
Pick one other hydrocarbon from section 2 in chapter 8 and draw it here:
Look at the lists of materials that contain carbon in figure 6 on page 297. Which materials on those lists have
you used today? Write down the materials you have used and how you have used them.
Material
Used for
Carbon compounds can form polymers. Organic polymers contain carbon (and often contain oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen).
Draw a model of a monomer and a polymer here (use figure 16 on page 307 as an example)
Read pages 306 to 313 and write down your 6 “favorite” polymers that you read about.
What are you made of???
Complete a pie chart on the back of the next page using the percents listed below. ALL ELEMENTS THAT ARE LESS
THAN 1% OF YOUR BODY WEIGHT CAN BE GROUPED TOGETHER AS “OTHER”.
Each element should be a different color. (All the “Other” elements should be one color)
Make a key to identify the colors of different elements.
Living organisms are made of molecules consisting largely of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Write a mnemonic to help you remember this (an example is shown below):
C ________________
Cheetahs
H________________
Have
N________________
Nice
O________________
Orange
P________________
Party
S _______________
Suits
Living things are often composed largely of water. How does the data shown here support that statement?
Why do you think that there is so much Carbon in living organisms?
Meet your molecules!!
Living organisms have many different kinds of molecules, including small ones, such as water and salt, and very large ones,
such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA.
Use page 321 in your Prentice Hall Textbook to match each statement with the correct type of molecule. Some
answers may be true for more than one type of molecule!!! Be careful!
Example:
Pepperoni
Ice Cream Toppings
M&Ms
Cheese
Pizza Toppings
Mushrooms
Chocolate Sauce
Polymers of simple carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
Made of amino acids
Made of four different nucleotides
Lipids
Also called oils or lipids
Important molecules in living organisms
Proteins
Can twist and bend to form final structure
Twisted ladder shape
DNA
Examples are starch and cellulose
Made of smaller molecules
Sketch a drawing of each type of molecule using your book as a guide:;
Carbohydrate
Lipids(Fats)
Proteins
How are water and salt different than the molecules you drew here?
Nucleic Acids
Key
Element
Carbon
Color
Percent
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Other
The pie chart below is divided into 10 segments (10% each) to help you fill in the correct percentage
for each element. The wedges drawn on the chart DO NOT represent the amounts of elements present.