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Lesson Plan 09/08-09/12 The Civil War Sectional Conflict Intensifies Goals- Students will analyze how sectional differences fueled the Civil War, and they will explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil war. Finally students will evaluate how America tried to mend their problems through reconstruction. Resources- PowerPoint, video=the America Civil War, Bell Ringer#23- Name two reasons why you think a nation might divide. Now select one of them and tell me why you think this reason would cause a nation to divide. Objectives-. Students will be able to recognize the sectional differences that developed during the antebellum period. (Standard 1, Objective 3). Instructional Input Talk about Bell Ringer Lecture- Division of the Union North v. South pictures and students guess Movie clip-The American Civil War (the Road to Fort Sumter) Questions (as homework if we are out of time) Timeline of steps to Civil War Checking for UnderstandingModelingGuided PracticeClosureExit SlipQuestions to answer at the end as a group 1- How did western expansion cause the North and the South to confront the issue of slavery? (New states had to decided whether or not to be a free or slave state) 2- How did controversy over slavery break up and create new political parties? (the original political parties contained members from both the North and the South and they will break away and start their own) 3- What is the final outcome of the national split over the slavery issue? (the Civil War) Division of the Union Causes of Sectional Tensions 1- Disagreements over the legality, morality, and politics of slavery 2- Congressman David Wilmot proposes the Wilmot Proviso to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico. This is going to make southerners mad!!! 3- The concept of popular sovereignty- That local settlers can decide whether their state will be a free state or a slave state. 4- Free-Soil Party- Made up of antislavery democrats and members of the abolitionist Liberty party. This new political party opposed slavery in the “free soil” of western territories. Their slogan “Free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men.” 5- The California Gold Rush (which happens in 1849= 49ers, more than 80,000 49ers) - this leads to Californians applying for statehood as a free state, creating the possibility of more free states than slave states in the Senate. The nation had to face this slave issue once again, and the south even starts to talk about secession. 6- The Compromise of 1850 leads to the Fugitive Slave Law 7- Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. This famous book sold more than 300,000 copies in the first year! Eventually sold millions of copies (Tom is a slave who submits to his slave master Simon Legree and in the end dies) Think… Americans are starting to all read the same materials their thoughts are going to be changed. They start to have piety for the slaves. Many believe her book helped start the Civil War, and when President Lincoln met her he said, “SO you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this Great War!” 8- The Kansa-Nebraska Act repeals the Missouri Compromise 9- Dred Scott case results in the Supreme Court declaring the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. Background (he had lived with his slaveholder in a free state, the owner died and Dred Scott didn’t want to move to the South with the Mistress. Took the case to the S Court. They ruled he was property and couldn’t be suing. This decision made the South happy) 10- John Brown launches a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, on October 16, 1859 hoping to incite a slave rebellion. The fight ended in just 36 hours, and Brown was captured. He was sentenced to die at a Virginia court. Northerners viewed him as a martyr and Southerners believed now more than ever before that the Northerners were plotting to attack them. 11- Lincoln wins the presidency in 1860. (control of gov’t and states rights) Slavery and Western Expansion The spread of slavery into new territory became the overriding political issue of the 1850s. Admitting new slave states or new free states would upset the balance of power between Northern States and Southern States in the national government. Because of this ordeal America will be in search of a compromise. Americans are realizing that war is going to be inevitable if they cannot find some kind of a compromise. Senator Daniel Webster from Massachusetts said this, “I wish to speaktoday, not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American…I speak today for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause…there can be no such thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility… I see as plainly as I see the sun in heaven what that disruption itself must produce; I see that it must produce war, and such a war as I will not describe.” The Compromise of 1850 President Taylor died in office and VP Fillmore became pres. Congress under him supported Senator Henry Clay’s (from Kentucky) proposal for peace. All parts will get passed and it will be named the Compromise of 1850. What it did; California admitted to the Union as a free state Popular sovereignty to determine slavery issue in Utah and New Mexico territories Texas border dispute with New Mexico resolved Texas receives $10 million Slave trade, but not slavery itself, is abolished in the District of Columbia New Fugitive Slave law adopted Fugitive Slave Act This was a law passed in 1850 to appease the Southerners and make them happy. What it did; A person claiming that an African American had escaped from slavery only had to point out that person as a runaway to take him or her into custody. The slave what be brought before a judge (with no right to testify for themselves, and prove their case). Get this if the judge said they were guilty they received 10 dollars in comparison to 5 dollars if they day no. This act also forced federal marshals (like sheriffs or police officers) to help slave catchers and it also gave them the power to deputize citizens on the spot, and force them to help capture fugitive slaves. (so I could go up to you _______and say you are a cop now and you will help me find slaves in the area, even if you are anti) If they didn’t help they could be thrown in jail. Even though this act was made with the intent to help the south, it really hurt them. Northerners, who had been indifferent to slavery, now were active supporters against it. They will start to support/participate in the underground railroad, speeches, books like Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The Kansas-Nebraska Act America once again is faced with the issue of slavery as they try to expand west. A new territory called Nebraska was trying to be created, but southerners weren’t going to let it happen because it would become a free state based on the Missouri Compromise. They demanded that the Missouri Compromise be repealed. The Result It gets repelled and they create Nebraska =free but not really and Kansas= slave but not really because they were going to let the states exercise popular sovereignty which= the states get to choose. Two Outcomes “Bleeding Kansas”- The state is divided and when the election rolls around, people from the northern part go to the south and affect the voting stysem…. Things start to get hostile between the two groups and by May 21, 1856 they are fighting with each other. A territorial civil war that ended with over 200 dead and $2 million dollars worth of property destroyed. The Caning of Charles Sumner In May after Bleeding Kansas Senator Charles Sumner from Mass. delivered a speech accusing pro-slavery senators of forcing Kansas into the ranks of slave states. He singled out Senator Andrew Butler from South Carolina. Anyways a few days later Butler’s cousin attacked Sumner at this his on the Senate floor with this cane. Almost killed him, Northerners use this against the South saying they are barbaric. The Final Straw The final straw for the south was when Abraham Lincoln was election to be President in the 1860 election. He was a Republican from the north and won mainly because the South divided their votes among two Democratic candidates. So Lincoln was able to win the majority without needing the votes from the South. Southerners felt like it was a victory for the abolitionists and they believed their only choice was to secede. Secession Begins South Carolina was the first to secede from the Union after Lincoln was elected they voted for the Ordinance of Secession. By February 1, 1861, six more states had voted to secede. Another important thing happens in February was well= the South declares themselves a new nation known as the Confederate States of America aka the Confederacy. Map of secession The Confederacy They drafted their own Constitution much like the original but declared each state independent and it protected the slavery institution They selected Jefferson Davis, a former senator from Mississippi to be their president. Fort Sumter Falls It was one of the last federal strong holds the Union still controlled. Davis (southern pres) attacked it before the north could re-supply it and after 33 hours of cannon firing the south took it over, and the first shots of the Civil War had been fired. Picture Activity= have students identify whether or not the pics favor the north or south Movie Clip- the American Civil war- fill out worksheet Stop after the attack at fort Sumter Timeline of events that led up to the Civil War The American Civil War: A Union Divided The Road to Fort Sumter 1. The south was cursed with _______________________ according the Fredrick Douglas. 2. What did John Brown think would have to happen to get rid of slavery 3. Why did the south not want free labor? 4. __________________ was the largest city in the north and _________________ was the largest city in the south. 5. Were there more northerners or southerners? 6. ________________ was the main cause of the civil war. 7. List some other causes (you will find these all throughout the movie clip) 8. The demand for _______________ in the south separated them from the north. 9. If the Northerner likes to make __________________ the southerner likes to ______________ money. 10. Did all slave holders treat their slaves the same way? 11. What did abolitionists think? 12. What happened in Kansas? 13. What did John Brown hope would happen at his raid? 14. Which political party was divided in the election of 1860? 15. Who seceded first? 16. What fort did the Union still occupy in the South? 17. Who attacked first? 18. Who shot the first shot of the Civil War? 19. How long would the Civil War last? The American Civil War: A Union Divided The Road to Fort Sumter 1. The south was cursed with _______________________ (slavery) according the Fredrick Douglas. 2. What did John Brown think would have to happen to get rid of slavery? (spilling of blood, war) 3. Why did the south not want free labor? (their economy didn’t depend on machines like the north, they needed human labor) 4. __________________ was the largest city in the north and _________________ was the largest city in the south. (New York and New Orleans) 5. Where there more northerners or southerners? (Northerners) 6. ________________ was the main cause of the civil war. (slavery 7. List some other causes (you will find these all throughout the movie clip) (different cultures, different economies, south didn’t care about education as much, states rights, south more violent- every state had their own militias there, Garrisons newspaper the Liberator, abolitionists, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, John Brown’s Raid, 8. The demand for _______________ in the south separated them from the north. (cotton) 9. If the Northerner likes to make __________________ the southerner likes to ______________ money. (money, spend) 10. Did all slave holders treat their slaves the same way? (no) 11. What did abolitionists think? ( slavery should be ended immediately and violently if needed) 12. What happened in Kansas? (Bleeding Kansas, they were allowed to choose slavery or not) 13. What did John Brown hope would happen at his raid? (A slave insurrection) 14. Which political party was divided in the election of 1860? (the democrats) 15. Who seceded first? (South Carolina) 16. What fort did the Union still occupy in the South? (Fort Sumter) 17. Who attacked first? (the south at Fort Sumter) 18. Who shot the first shot of the Civil War? (white haired, old, Virginian Edmund Ruffin) 19. How long would the Civil War last? (4 years) Lesson Plan 11-6-07/ 11-7-07 Civil War-day 2 The Civil War Opposing Sides/Early Stages Goals- Students will analyze how sectional differences fueled the Civil War, and they will explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil war. Finally students will evaluate how America tried to mend their problems through reconstruction. Resources- PowerPoint, video=the America Civil War, paper for timelines, Battles chart Bell Ringer#24- Do you agree with the draft? Do you know of anyone who is in the army or navy? Objectives-. Students will be able to recognize the sectional differences that developed during the antebellum period. Students will evaluate the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War (Standard 1, Objective 3). Instructional Input20. Talk about Bell Ringer 21. Finish video clip (30min) 22. Timeline of events that led up to the war 23. Lecture- Opposing sides/ Early stages (star advantages) 24. Early battles worksheet (HW) Checking for UnderstandingModelingGuided PracticeClosureExit SlipListen today for advantages and disadvantages Opposing Sides At the start of the Civil War, the North and the South each had distinct advantages and disadvantages. Both sides expected the conflict to end quickly, but this was not the case. The Civil War will be a long, bloody, and bitter struggle that will last for more than 4 years. Choosing sides Story of Robert E. Lee (one of the most respected senior officers in the United States army) On the same day he learned his home in the state of Virginia had voted to secede from the Union, Robert E. Lee received an offer from General Winfield Scott to command the Union’s troops. Although Lee had spoken against secession and considered slavery “a moral and political evil” he wrote, “I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.” Instead he resigned from the army and offered his services to the Confederacy. Union v. Confederates Grant v. Lee Blue v. Gray For the South Hundreds of military officers had to choose whether to support the Union or the Confederacy. Eventually 313 officers, (1/3rd) resigned to join the Confederacy. The south had a strong military tradition= in 1860 US had 8 military colleges and 7 of them were in the South. These colleges provided the South with a large number of trained officers to lead its armies. For the North The North had a strong naval tradition ( ¾) Three-quarters of the US navy’s officers came from the North and most of the navy’s warships were under Union control. Opposing Economies Even though the South had many experienced officers to lead its troops in battle, the North had several economic advantages. In the 1860s the population of the North was about 22 million, while the South had 9 million people (about 3 million enslaved). Having a larger population gave the North an advantage in raising an army and supporting the war effort. The North’s industries gave the region an important economic advantage over the south too. In 1860 almost 90% of the nation’s factories were in the North, they produced more than 90% of the country’s clothing, boots, and shoes, and 94% of its iron. Iron was important for making weapons and equipment. Show Picture from book of resources page 315 Both sides were able to make enough food, but the South had a harder time than the North being able to distribute it once the war started. The North had double of size of Railroad lines than the South. Paying for the war North= had several advantages They controlled the national treasury, and could expect continued revenue from tariffs. The Northern banks also had large reserves of cash which they would lend to the government by allowing them to purchase bonds. Congress even passed the Legal Tender Act in 1862. This act allowed the gov’t to create a national currency and allowed them to issue paper money. These paper bills came to be known as greenbacks because of their color, probably why money is green now! South= disadvantaged They are poor and their financial situation will get worse with time. Most Southern planters were in debt and couldn’t afford to buy bonds, and the banks in the South were small and didn’t have large reserves like the ones in the north. The South tried to tax trade, but this wasn’t that successful because it was often blockaded by the North. The Confederacy resorted to making paper money to pay its bills, but this caused inflation because they didn’t have the resources to back it up like they did in the North. By the end of the war paper money will be almost worthless. Governments In the North The Republican party and the Democratic parties in the North are going to have many divisions and President Lincoln will have to try to work with all of them because his goal was to preserve the Union no matter what! Republicans=he was a member of this party, but had to face many abolitionists who were a part of this party and wanted to end slavery immediately. Democrats= War Democrats supported the war but didn’t want to end slavery. Peace Democrats opposed the war and wanted to reunite the states through negotiation. Many Republicans called the Peace Democrats traitors and referred the them as Copperhead (a poisonous snake) Major difference between the Reps and Demos was their views on conscription (like the draft, forces people into military service). Reps support it and Demos don’t. In the South The South didn’t have different political parties so they didn’t face problems between political groups. One big problem they faced was the fact that they strongly believed in State’s rights. This limited the power of the Federal Gov’t and President Davis often times had a hard time conducting war. Worldwide Interest European countries were put in a difficult position. The North didn’t want them to get involved and the South did. The South knew European countries (mainly France and Britain) depended on their cotton so they stopped selling it to them until they promised they would recognize the Confederate States of America as an independent country. France said they would if the British would, but the British wouldn’t support until the South had important victories over the North. So it didn’t happen. But these two countries will in a way help the south until it was obvious the South was going to lose. (ex. Allowed them to build Ships in Britain) Trent Affair=Two negotiators from the Confederacy were sent to France and Britain to negotiate on the ship the Trent, the Union intercepted the Trent and it made the British furious they had stopped one of their ships, and started to send troops to Canada. Lincoln only wanted to fight one war at a time so they released the two men. The South still didn’t get France or Britain’s full support. The First Modern War The Civil War was the first modern war because it wasn’t fought by small disciplined armies with limited goals. It involved huge armies made up of mostly civilian volunteers. They also had new technologies and strategies to help them win. New weapons= more guns, like new bullets that were more accurate Telegraph= made communication faster Balloons= like hot air balloons to observe their enemies Ironclads=an iron steamship Trenches= didn’t just stand straight up Show pics of new weapons and technologies The Early Stages Let students work on filling out the Early Battles of The Civil War worksheet. They will explore different strategies used by the North and South, and will examine the shift in attitude, (about how long the war will last). Both sides thought the war would be a quick win, but after they started fighting they realized it was going to take sometime. Early Civil War Battles Battles First Battle of Bull Run What Happened Result Lincoln approved of the assault in Bull Run (northern Virginia). People thought it would be a short battle and they lined up to watch. Union winning at first, but Stonewall Jackson for the south stayed firm and reinforcements arrive for the South and the Union falls back to retreat Confederate Victory Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of all southern ports. Was successful at every port except Charleston, South C. Confederate ships Alabama and Florida were successful at sinking merchant ships. Union leader Farragut attacked southern forts while going upstream and eventually took over New Orleans and the Mississippi River. Union was successfully able to blockade Southern ports and gained control of the Mississippi River. Union troops were marching to Corinth in Mississippi to take over their last railroad line, and Confederate wanted to stop them so they launched a surprise attack early in the morning on April 6, 1862. Took place 20 miles away from a church called Shiloh. Grant quickly organized his troops and they were able to win the offensive and make the Confederates retreat. After the Battle of Shiloh Confeds retreated and wanted Union troops to follow into Kentucky. Union troops stopped them at Perryville. Confeds retreat and Union officers cut railroad lines there. Fight again at Murfreesboro for 4 days. Union Victory, but both sides suffered high casualties Part of the Peninsula Campaign. Late June 1862 Lee started a series of attacks on McClellan’s army. McClellan had to retreat to James River and Lincoln demanded he bring the troops home to Washington No decisive victory, heavy casualties on both sides, and the Union retreated Second Battle of Bull Run As McClellan’s troops withdrew, Lee decided to attack the Union forces that were defending Washington. The meet again at Bull Run. The South forced the North to retreat, leaving the Confeds close the Washington. Confederate victory, Invasion of Maryland Battle of Antietam Lee decided to invade Maryland so the fighting would be in the North and they would take them seriously. When McClellan learns Lee had been sent after him, he prepares his troops for a battle. McClellan’s men positioned themselves along Antietam Creek and attacked on September 17, 1862. This battle will be the bloodiest one-day battle in the war and in American History. The bloodiest 1 day battle, high casualties, Confederates retreated. It was an important win for the Union because it prevented the British from joining. Led to the Emancipation Proclamation. Over 6,000 killed and 16,000 wounded The Naval War Battle of Shiloh Battle of Murfreesboro Seven Day’s Battle Showed the north that they would need more troops to win The South’s largest city was in Union hands People in the North and South were stunned over 20,000 troops had been killed or wounded and this was more than any other battle up to this point No decisive victory, Union retreated More than 30,000 casualties on both sides. Early Civil War Battles Battles First Battle of Bull Run The Naval War Battle of Shiloh Battle of Murfreesboro Seven Day’s Battle Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam What Happened Result