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Lesson Plan
09/08-09/12
The Civil War
Sectional Conflict Intensifies
Goals- Students will analyze how sectional differences fueled the Civil War, and they
will explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil war. Finally students will
evaluate how America tried to mend their problems through reconstruction.
Resources- PowerPoint, video=the America Civil War,
Bell Ringer#23- Name two reasons why you think a nation might divide. Now select one
of them and tell me why you think this reason would cause a nation to divide.
Objectives-. Students will be able to recognize the sectional differences that developed
during the antebellum period. (Standard 1, Objective 3).
Instructional Input Talk about Bell Ringer
 Lecture- Division of the Union
 North v. South pictures and students guess
 Movie clip-The American Civil War (the Road to Fort Sumter)
 Questions (as homework if we are out of time)
 Timeline of steps to Civil War
Checking for UnderstandingModelingGuided PracticeClosureExit SlipQuestions to answer at the end as a group
1- How did western expansion cause the North and the South to confront the issue of
slavery? (New states had to decided whether or not to be a free or slave state)
2- How did controversy over slavery break up and create new political parties? (the
original political parties contained members from both the North and the South
and they will break away and start their own)
3- What is the final outcome of the national split over the slavery issue? (the Civil
War)
Division of the Union
Causes of Sectional Tensions
1- Disagreements over the legality, morality, and politics of slavery
2- Congressman David Wilmot proposes the Wilmot Proviso to ban slavery in
territory acquired from Mexico. This is going to make southerners mad!!!
3- The concept of popular sovereignty- That local settlers can decide whether their
state will be a free state or a slave state.
4- Free-Soil Party- Made up of antislavery democrats and members of the
abolitionist Liberty party. This new political party opposed slavery in the “free
soil” of western territories. Their slogan “Free soil, free speech, free labor, and
free men.”
5- The California Gold Rush (which happens in 1849= 49ers, more than 80,000
49ers) - this leads to Californians applying for statehood as a free state, creating
the possibility of more free states than slave states in the Senate. The nation had to
face this slave issue once again, and the south even starts to talk about secession.
6- The Compromise of 1850 leads to the Fugitive Slave Law
7- Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. This famous book
sold more than 300,000 copies in the first year! Eventually sold millions of copies
(Tom is a slave who submits to his slave master Simon Legree and in the end
dies) Think… Americans are starting to all read the same materials their thoughts
are going to be changed. They start to have piety for the slaves. Many believe her
book helped start the Civil War, and when President Lincoln met her he said,
“SO you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this Great War!”
8- The Kansa-Nebraska Act repeals the Missouri Compromise
9- Dred Scott case results in the Supreme Court declaring the Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional. Background (he had lived with his slaveholder in a free state, the
owner died and Dred Scott didn’t want to move to the South with the Mistress.
Took the case to the S Court. They ruled he was property and couldn’t be suing.
This decision made the South happy)
10- John Brown launches a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, on October 16, 1859
hoping to incite a slave rebellion. The fight ended in just 36 hours, and Brown
was captured. He was sentenced to die at a Virginia court. Northerners viewed
him as a martyr and Southerners believed now more than ever before that the
Northerners were plotting to attack them.
11- Lincoln wins the presidency in 1860. (control of gov’t and states rights)
Slavery and Western Expansion
The spread of slavery into new territory became the overriding political issue of the
1850s. Admitting new slave states or new free states would upset the balance of power
between Northern States and Southern States in the national government. Because of this
ordeal America will be in search of a compromise.
Americans are realizing that war is going to be inevitable if they cannot find some kind of
a compromise. Senator Daniel Webster from Massachusetts said this, “I wish to speaktoday, not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American…I speak
today for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause…there can be no such
thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility… I see as
plainly as I see the sun in heaven what that disruption itself must produce; I see that it
must produce war, and such a war as I will not describe.”
The Compromise of 1850
President Taylor died in office and VP Fillmore became pres. Congress under him
supported Senator Henry Clay’s (from Kentucky) proposal for peace. All parts will get
passed and it will be named the Compromise of 1850.
What it did;
California admitted to the Union as a free state
Popular sovereignty to determine slavery issue in Utah and New Mexico territories
Texas border dispute with New Mexico resolved
Texas receives $10 million
Slave trade, but not slavery itself, is abolished in the District of Columbia
New Fugitive Slave law adopted
Fugitive Slave Act
This was a law passed in 1850 to appease the Southerners and make them happy.
What it did;
A person claiming that an African American had escaped from slavery only had to point
out that person as a runaway to take him or her into custody. The slave what be brought
before a judge (with no right to testify for themselves, and prove their case). Get this if
the judge said they were guilty they received 10 dollars in comparison to 5 dollars if they
day no.
This act also forced federal marshals (like sheriffs or police officers) to help slave
catchers and it also gave them the power to deputize citizens on the spot, and force them
to help capture fugitive slaves. (so I could go up to you _______and say you are a cop
now and you will help me find slaves in the area, even if you are anti)
If they didn’t help they could be thrown in jail.
Even though this act was made with the intent to help the south, it really hurt them.
Northerners, who had been indifferent to slavery, now were active supporters against it.
They will start to support/participate in the underground railroad, speeches, books like
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
America once again is faced with the issue of slavery as they try to expand west. A new
territory called Nebraska was trying to be created, but southerners weren’t going to let it
happen because it would become a free state based on the Missouri Compromise. They
demanded that the Missouri Compromise be repealed.
The Result
It gets repelled and they create Nebraska =free but not really and Kansas= slave but not
really because they were going to let the states exercise popular sovereignty which= the
states get to choose.
Two Outcomes
“Bleeding Kansas”- The state is divided and when the election rolls around, people from
the northern part go to the south and affect the voting stysem…. Things start to get
hostile between the two groups and by May 21, 1856 they are fighting with each other. A
territorial civil war that ended with over 200 dead and $2 million dollars worth of
property destroyed.
The Caning of Charles Sumner
In May after Bleeding Kansas Senator Charles Sumner from Mass. delivered a speech
accusing pro-slavery senators of forcing Kansas into the ranks of slave states. He singled
out Senator Andrew Butler from South Carolina. Anyways a few days later Butler’s
cousin attacked Sumner at this his on the Senate floor with this cane. Almost killed him,
Northerners use this against the South saying they are barbaric.
The Final Straw
The final straw for the south was when Abraham Lincoln was election to be President in
the 1860 election. He was a Republican from the north and won mainly because the
South divided their votes among two Democratic candidates. So Lincoln was able to win
the majority without needing the votes from the South. Southerners felt like it was a
victory for the abolitionists and they believed their only choice was to secede.
Secession Begins
South Carolina was the first to secede from the Union after Lincoln was elected they
voted for the Ordinance of Secession. By February 1, 1861, six more states had voted to
secede. Another important thing happens in February was well= the South declares
themselves a new nation known as the Confederate States of America aka the
Confederacy.
Map of secession
The Confederacy
They drafted their own Constitution much like the original but declared each state
independent and it protected the slavery institution
They selected Jefferson Davis, a former senator from Mississippi to be their president.
Fort Sumter Falls
It was one of the last federal strong holds the Union still controlled. Davis (southern
pres) attacked it before the north could re-supply it and after 33 hours of cannon firing the
south took it over, and the first shots of the Civil War had been fired.
Picture Activity= have students identify whether or not the pics favor the north or south
Movie Clip- the American Civil war- fill out worksheet
Stop after the attack at fort Sumter
Timeline of events that led up to the Civil War
The American Civil War: A Union Divided
The Road to Fort Sumter
1. The south was cursed with _______________________ according the Fredrick
Douglas.
2. What did John Brown think would have to happen to get rid of slavery
3. Why did the south not want free labor?
4. __________________ was the largest city in the north and _________________
was the largest city in the south.
5. Were there more northerners or southerners?
6. ________________ was the main cause of the civil war.
7. List some other causes (you will find these all throughout the movie clip)
8. The demand for _______________ in the south separated them from the north.
9. If the Northerner likes to make __________________ the southerner likes to
______________ money.
10. Did all slave holders treat their slaves the same way?
11. What did abolitionists think?
12. What happened in Kansas?
13. What did John Brown hope would happen at his raid?
14. Which political party was divided in the election of 1860?
15. Who seceded first?
16. What fort did the Union still occupy in the South?
17. Who attacked first?
18. Who shot the first shot of the Civil War?
19. How long would the Civil War last?
The American Civil War: A Union Divided
The Road to Fort Sumter
1. The south was cursed with _______________________ (slavery) according the
Fredrick Douglas.
2. What did John Brown think would have to happen to get rid of slavery? (spilling
of blood, war)
3. Why did the south not want free labor? (their economy didn’t depend on
machines like the north, they needed human labor)
4. __________________ was the largest city in the north and _________________
was the largest city in the south. (New York and New Orleans)
5. Where there more northerners or southerners? (Northerners)
6. ________________ was the main cause of the civil war. (slavery
7. List some other causes (you will find these all throughout the movie clip)
(different cultures, different economies, south didn’t care about education as much, states
rights, south more violent- every state had their own militias there, Garrisons newspaper
the Liberator, abolitionists, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, John Brown’s Raid,
8. The demand for _______________ in the south separated them from the north.
(cotton)
9. If the Northerner likes to make __________________ the southerner likes to
______________ money. (money, spend)
10. Did all slave holders treat their slaves the same way? (no)
11. What did abolitionists think? ( slavery should be ended immediately and violently
if needed)
12. What happened in Kansas? (Bleeding Kansas, they were allowed to choose
slavery or not)
13. What did John Brown hope would happen at his raid? (A slave insurrection)
14. Which political party was divided in the election of 1860? (the democrats)
15. Who seceded first? (South Carolina)
16. What fort did the Union still occupy in the South? (Fort Sumter)
17. Who attacked first? (the south at Fort Sumter)
18. Who shot the first shot of the Civil War? (white haired, old, Virginian Edmund
Ruffin)
19. How long would the Civil War last? (4 years)
Lesson Plan
11-6-07/ 11-7-07
Civil War-day 2
The Civil War
Opposing Sides/Early Stages
Goals- Students will analyze how sectional differences fueled the Civil War, and they
will explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil war. Finally students will
evaluate how America tried to mend their problems through reconstruction.
Resources- PowerPoint, video=the America Civil War, paper for timelines, Battles chart
Bell Ringer#24- Do you agree with the draft? Do you know of anyone who is in the
army or navy?
Objectives-. Students will be able to recognize the sectional differences that developed
during the antebellum period. Students will evaluate the causes, course, and
consequences of the Civil War (Standard 1, Objective 3).
Instructional Input20. Talk about Bell Ringer
21. Finish video clip (30min)
22. Timeline of events that led up to the war
23. Lecture- Opposing sides/ Early stages (star advantages)
24. Early battles worksheet (HW)
Checking for UnderstandingModelingGuided PracticeClosureExit SlipListen today for advantages and disadvantages
Opposing Sides
At the start of the Civil War, the North and the South each had distinct advantages and
disadvantages. Both sides expected the conflict to end quickly, but this was not the case.
The Civil War will be a long, bloody, and bitter struggle that will last for more than 4
years.
Choosing sides
Story of Robert E. Lee (one of the most respected senior officers in the United States
army)
On the same day he learned his home in the state of Virginia had voted to secede from the
Union, Robert E. Lee received an offer from General Winfield Scott to command the
Union’s troops. Although Lee had spoken against secession and considered slavery “a
moral and political evil” he wrote, “I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my
home, my children.” Instead he resigned from the army and offered his services to the
Confederacy.
Union v. Confederates
Grant v. Lee
Blue v. Gray
For the South
Hundreds of military officers had to choose whether to support the Union or the
Confederacy. Eventually 313 officers, (1/3rd) resigned to join the Confederacy. The
south had a strong military tradition= in 1860 US had 8 military colleges and 7 of them
were in the South. These colleges provided the South with a large number of trained
officers to lead its armies.
For the North
The North had a strong naval tradition ( ¾) Three-quarters of the US navy’s officers
came from the North and most of the navy’s warships were under Union control.
Opposing Economies
Even though the South had many experienced officers to lead its troops in battle, the
North had several economic advantages. In the 1860s the population of the North was
about 22 million, while the South had 9 million people (about 3 million enslaved).
Having a larger population gave the North an advantage in raising an army and
supporting the war effort.
The North’s industries gave the region an important economic advantage over the south
too. In 1860 almost 90% of the nation’s factories were in the North, they produced more
than 90% of the country’s clothing, boots, and shoes, and 94% of its iron. Iron was
important for making weapons and equipment.
Show Picture from book of resources page 315
Both sides were able to make enough food, but the South had a harder time than the
North being able to distribute it once the war started. The North had double of size of
Railroad lines than the South.
Paying for the war
North= had several advantages
They controlled the national treasury, and could expect continued revenue from tariffs.
The Northern banks also had large reserves of cash which they would lend to the
government by allowing them to purchase bonds. Congress even passed the Legal
Tender Act in 1862. This act allowed the gov’t to create a national currency and allowed
them to issue paper money. These paper bills came to be known as greenbacks because
of their color, probably why money is green now!
South= disadvantaged
They are poor and their financial situation will get worse with time. Most Southern
planters were in debt and couldn’t afford to buy bonds, and the banks in the South were
small and didn’t have large reserves like the ones in the north.
The South tried to tax trade, but this wasn’t that successful because it was often
blockaded by the North. The Confederacy resorted to making paper money to pay its
bills, but this caused inflation because they didn’t have the resources to back it up like
they did in the North. By the end of the war paper money will be almost worthless.
Governments
In the North
The Republican party and the Democratic parties in the North are going to have many
divisions and President Lincoln will have to try to work with all of them because his goal
was to preserve the Union no matter what!
Republicans=he was a member of this party, but had to face many abolitionists who were
a part of this party and wanted to end slavery immediately.
Democrats= War Democrats supported the war but didn’t want to end slavery. Peace
Democrats opposed the war and wanted to reunite the states through negotiation. Many
Republicans called the Peace Democrats traitors and referred the them as Copperhead (a
poisonous snake)
Major difference between the Reps and Demos was their views on conscription (like the
draft, forces people into military service). Reps support it and Demos don’t.
In the South
The South didn’t have different political parties so they didn’t face problems between
political groups. One big problem they faced was the fact that they strongly believed in
State’s rights. This limited the power of the Federal Gov’t and President Davis often
times had a hard time conducting war.
Worldwide Interest
European countries were put in a difficult position. The North didn’t want them to get
involved and the South did.
The South knew European countries (mainly France and Britain) depended on their
cotton so they stopped selling it to them until they promised they would recognize the
Confederate States of America as an independent country. France said they would if the
British would, but the British wouldn’t support until the South had important victories
over the North. So it didn’t happen. But these two countries will in a way help the south
until it was obvious the South was going to lose. (ex. Allowed them to build Ships in
Britain)
Trent Affair=Two negotiators from the Confederacy were sent to France and Britain to
negotiate on the ship the Trent, the Union intercepted the Trent and it made the British
furious they had stopped one of their ships, and started to send troops to Canada. Lincoln
only wanted to fight one war at a time so they released the two men. The South still
didn’t get France or Britain’s full support.
The First Modern War
The Civil War was the first modern war because it wasn’t fought by small disciplined
armies with limited goals. It involved huge armies made up of mostly civilian volunteers.
They also had new technologies and strategies to help them win.
New weapons= more guns, like new bullets that were more accurate
Telegraph= made communication faster
Balloons= like hot air balloons to observe their enemies
Ironclads=an iron steamship
Trenches= didn’t just stand straight up
Show pics of new weapons and technologies
The Early Stages
Let students work on filling out the Early Battles of The Civil War worksheet.
They will explore different strategies used by the North and South, and will examine the
shift in attitude, (about how long the war will last). Both sides thought the war would be a
quick win, but after they started fighting they realized it was going to take sometime.
Early Civil War Battles
Battles
First Battle of Bull Run
What Happened
Result
Lincoln approved of the assault in Bull Run
(northern Virginia). People thought it would be a
short battle and they lined up to watch. Union
winning at first, but Stonewall Jackson for the
south stayed firm and reinforcements arrive for the
South and the Union falls back to retreat
Confederate Victory
Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of all southern
ports. Was successful at every port except
Charleston, South C. Confederate ships Alabama
and Florida were successful at sinking merchant
ships. Union leader Farragut attacked southern
forts while going upstream and eventually took
over New Orleans and the Mississippi River.
Union was successfully able to
blockade Southern ports and gained
control of the Mississippi River.
Union troops were marching to Corinth in
Mississippi to take over their last railroad line, and
Confederate wanted to stop them so they launched
a surprise attack early in the morning on April 6,
1862. Took place 20 miles away from a church
called Shiloh. Grant quickly organized his troops
and they were able to win the offensive and make
the Confederates retreat.
After the Battle of Shiloh Confeds retreated and
wanted Union troops to follow into Kentucky.
Union troops stopped them at Perryville. Confeds
retreat and Union officers cut railroad lines there.
Fight again at Murfreesboro for 4 days.
Union Victory, but both sides suffered
high casualties
Part of the Peninsula Campaign. Late June 1862
Lee started a series of attacks on McClellan’s
army. McClellan had to retreat to James River and
Lincoln demanded he bring the troops home to
Washington
No decisive victory, heavy casualties
on both sides, and the Union retreated
Second Battle of Bull
Run
As McClellan’s troops withdrew, Lee decided to
attack the Union forces that were defending
Washington. The meet again at Bull Run. The
South forced the North to retreat, leaving the
Confeds close the Washington.
Confederate victory, Invasion of
Maryland
Battle of Antietam
Lee decided to invade Maryland so the fighting
would be in the North and they would take them
seriously. When McClellan learns Lee had been
sent after him, he prepares his troops for a battle.
McClellan’s men positioned themselves along
Antietam Creek and attacked on September 17,
1862. This battle will be the bloodiest one-day
battle in the war and in American History.
The bloodiest 1 day battle, high
casualties, Confederates retreated. It
was an important win for the Union
because it prevented the British from
joining. Led to the Emancipation
Proclamation.
Over 6,000 killed and 16,000
wounded
The Naval War
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Murfreesboro
Seven Day’s Battle
Showed the north that they would
need more troops to win
The South’s largest city was in Union
hands
People in the North and South were
stunned over 20,000 troops had been
killed or wounded and this was more
than any other battle up to this point
No decisive victory, Union retreated
More than 30,000 casualties on both
sides.
Early Civil War Battles
Battles
First Battle of Bull
Run
The Naval War
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of
Murfreesboro
Seven Day’s Battle
Second Battle of
Bull Run
Battle of Antietam
What Happened
Result