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Don’t Forget the Animals
Rationale
Owners of large parcels of land often purchase them with the idea of eventually acquiring some form
of livestock. Often, the romance of livestock ownership blinds them to the actual realities. Practical
considerations such as costs, including their time and money, animal needs (space, food, facilities)
and potential impacts to their property and/or their neighbors are often ignored until there is a
problem. This module attempts to introduce potential costs, problems, and considerations that enter
into animal ownership.
Objectives
Participants will:
1. Be able to estimate the number of animals their properties can support.
2. Understand and avoid negative animal impacts on their own properties and adjacent properties.
3. Establish a manure management plan.
4. Understand how to minimize impacts on wildlife and encourage wildlife, if desired.
5. Understand the rules and procedures of predator control.
Introduction
This module focuses on issues related to animal ownership and land management. Lesson 1
discusses the benefits and costs of keeping livestock animals on your property. Lesson 2 focuses on
how to manage animals, including how to feed, shelter and care for them. Lesson 2 also explains how
to avoid animal impacts to your land and your neighbors. Lesson 3 focuses on managing wildlife, with
strategies to both discourage and encourage wildlife. In the three lessons, the most common domestic
livestock species, including horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and exotic animals, will be discussed.
Participants will revise some of their management goals and determine how animals fit into their
property goals.
So, You Want to Be an Animal Owner
Rationale
Animal ownership can be fulfilling. However, ownership is also a major responsibility. Often,
landowners will acquire animals without a full understanding of the responsibilities, costs, and time
required to maintain them. Owning animals without the proper resources can lead to negative impacts
to both the land and the animals.
Objectives
Participants will:
1. Be able to estimate the number of animals their properties can support.
2. Have reference materials and resources for finding out more information.
Materials/supplies to be requested from participants before class starts
1. Maps they have made of their properties
2. Notebooks with forms and exercises done to date
3. Calculator, paper, writing utensils, rulers
4. Any additional pertinent information that they have on their property – zoning, CC&Rs, etc.
Materials/supplies needed for class
1. Flip chart and markers (or dry-erase board, chalkboard or overhead projector)
2. Overhead or PowerPoint computer projection system and Pointer
3. Refreshments
Local resources needed for class
1. Climate and moisture maps from your area, if available
2. Estimated productivity maps for local soils (should be available from your local Natural Resources
Conservation Center (NRCS), garden center, or other agencies)
3. Crop reports: Your local agricultural commissioner’s crop report should have information on the
number of acres of pasture in your county
4. Zoning maps: Maps should be available from your county recorders office. Get locations for
participants’ properties from the pre-registration forms; try to ensure you have maps to cover each
participant property
5. Local ordinances: These should be available from your county government planning office. Ask for
Right-to-Farm laws, any grazing laws, open range laws, or other pertinent laws
Background information for instructors
If participants filled out the preregistration form, use the forms to tailor the presentation to animals of
interest to the group
Lobo, R.E., and Cirelli, A., 1996, Economics of Horse Ownership in Nevada, University of Nevada
Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet 96-41,
http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/ag/other/fs9641.pdf
See additional handouts list to familiarize yourself with specific species of livestock or exotic animals
Handouts needed for participants
1. Pros and Cons of Animal Ownership Activity Sheet
2. Animal Ownership Goals Activity Sheet
3. Animal Ownership Information Sheets: Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Exotic Animals, Rabbits, Beef,
Dairy Cows and Horses
Handouts needed for participants (in addition to lesson handouts)
1. Costs and Responsibility of Ownership: Horse Industry Handbook HIH 120, American Youth
Horse council, 4093 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY, 40511-8434, order on the Web at
http://www.4-hmall.org or by phone at 800-879-2942.
2. Should I Buy a Horse? - Horse Industry Handbook HIH 110-1, American Youth Horse council,
4093 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY, 40511-8434, order on the Web at http://www.4-hmall.org or
by phone at 800-879-2942.
Homework assignment
1. Complete the Animals Ownership Goals Activity Sheet, if unable to finish it in class.
Pros and Cons of Animal Ownership
Benefits of animal ownership
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
Potential problems associated with animal ownership
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
Animal Ownership Goals
Legal context of my property:
Property zoning: __________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Zoning rules: _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Other rules that may affect my property (CC&Rs, others) __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Goals/benefits:
Benefits I expect from animal ownership for myself: _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Benefits I expect from animal ownership for my family: ____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Number and kind of animals I want: ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Property assets:
Size of my property: _______________________________________________________________
Size or amount of land I can set aside for animals: _______________________________________
Type of soil: ______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Capability to grow pasture/forage: _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Animal Ownership Goals
Estimate of amount of forage possible by season: ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Facilities located on property: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Condition of facilities: ______________________________________________________________
Water sources located on property (creek, pond, well, irrigation, etc): _________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Condition of water source: ___________________________________________________________
Costs/resources needed:
Cost of purchasing animals: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Feed costs (per year): ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Facilities needed (water system, fencing, shelter): ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Upgrades to existing facilities: _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Facilities cost (one-time expense): ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Facilities cost (maintenance): ________________________________________________________
Health care costs (per year): _________________________________________________________
Time needed to manage animals (estimate): ____________________________________________
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Sheep and Goats
Rams
180-300 lbs
Building floor space
(ft2/head) inside
Dry ewes
150-200 lbs
Ewes with lambs
1.5-2 ft2of
creep space
/ lamb
1
15-20
Feeder lambs
30-110 lbs
8-10
20-30
12-16
Lot Space(ft2/head)
outside
25-40
25-40
Feeder Space
(inches)
12
16-20
16-20
2 / lamb
creep
9-12
Water (head/bowl or
nipple)3
10
40-50
40-50
water
available
50-75
Water gal/head/day4
2-3
2
3
0.1-0.3
1.5
30-50
20-30
Approx. feed needed5
(lbs/head/day)
Hay
4-7
2.5-4
4-7 +grain
1-2 + grain
Haylage
8-10
5-7
8-10 + grain
2-4 + grain
Corn silage
12-20 +
supplement
7-9 +
supplement
12-18 +
supplement
4-6 +
supplement
Grain
0.5-2.5
0.0-0.75
0.75-2.5
1.0-3.0
Supplement
0.0-0.25
0.12-0.25
0.25-0.5
0.25-0.5
1. For lambing rates above 170 percent (twins and triplets), increase floor space by 5 ft2/head.
2. Feeder space/animal depends on animal size, shorn vs. unshorn, breed, pregnancy stage,
number of times fed/day, and feed quality.
3. Use heated or circulating type in cold buildings.
4. Water requirements vary considerably with time of year and ration. Use clean water and keep
waterer clean. Maintain water above 35 degrees F in winter and below 75 degrees F in summer.
5. Approximate rations for three optional forages. Data are only intended to be used to compute feed
storage and handling needs.
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Swine
Sow and
litter
Nursery
pig
30-75 lbs
Growing
pig
75-220
lbs
Finishing
pig 75220 lbs
Gestating
sow
325 lbs
Boar
400 lbs
Sow in
Breeding
325 lbs
Building
floor space
(ft2/head)
inside
3-4
5-6
8
40
16
Lot space
(ft2/head)
outside
6-8
12-15
14
40
28
6
8
Water
(gal/head/day
8
1
3
4
Feeder Space
Pig 12-30 lbs
2 pigs/feeder space
Pig 30-50 lbs
3 pigs/feeder space
Pig 50-75 lbs
4 pigs/feeder space
Pig 75-220 lbs
4-5 pigs/feeder space
Sows
1 foot/self-feed sow
2 feet/group-fed sow
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Poultry
Fryer
Laying
hen
Duck
Goose
Turkey
Game
Birds
Building
floor space
(ft2/head)
inside
1-2
1.5-3
3
6
3-5
6-8
Lot space
(ft2/head)
outside
4-10
4-10
15
18
varies
4-25
Water
(gal/10
birds/day)
0.5-1
0.5-1
1-2
1-3
2-4
varies

Water is very important for all poultry. Clean, fresh water should be provided ad lib (all the time).
Chickens will drink two to three times as much water, by weight, as they eat in food per day.
Chicken bodies are 55 to 75 percent water and eggs are 65 percent water.

A laying bird will drink 25 percent of her daily water during the two hours prior to darkness. Water
at this time is crucial for egg production. Ducks and geese need more water per pound of body
weight than chickens or turkeys. Space at the waterers varies with species and breed, but is
generally 1 to 4 inches per bird.

Space requirements for roosting and nesting vary with species and breed. Consult information on
specific species and breeds to determine these requirements.

Space at feeders: 1 to 6 inches per bird.

Feed amount varies with breed, species and age. The protein content should be between 16 to 22
percent. Laying hens require 0.2 to 0.25 pounds of fed per bird per day. For meat birds, total feed
requirement from hatch to harvest is generally 3 to 4 times live body weight at harvest.
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Exotic Animals
Llama, alpaca

Three to five llamas or five to 10 alpacas can be grazed per acre, depending on the quality of the
pasture. Each adult llama will generally consume one bale of hay per week. Eighteen inches of
space per animal at feed and water troughs are recommended.

Water must be provided at all times. They consume 2 to 5 gallons per day.

Fencing should be a minimum of 5-feet tall for alpacas and 4-feet tall for llamas. Barbed wire is not
recommended.

A three-sided shelter or other well-lit shelter should be provided. Five adult llamas can generally
share a 12 by 16 foot shelter.

Pasture space requirements are 4 to 5 llamas per acre or 5 to 10 alpacas per acre. Space
requirements for intact male llamas are 1 to 2 acres per animal. As with horses, a sacrifice or
loafing area may needed to ensure pasture health.

Llamas and alpacas share communal dung piles. This makes cleanup easier. Avoid distributing
manure over fields that will be used for grazing. Both llamas and alpacas will refuse to graze fields
where their manure has been spread. The manure will not burn plants if used as a side dressing
and will compost readily.
Ostrich, emu, rhea

Feed requirements vary with species, breed and age of bird. In general, the birds require 1 to 2.5
percent of their body weight in food per day. Many formulated feeds exist. Birds should be fed a
complete diet with protein levels between 16 and 22 percent. Chick feed requires the higher
protein content.

Water requirements are 1 to 3 gallons per bird per day, with more needed during hot weather.

Space requirements are high, with each pair of breeding birds requiring a 1/8- to 1/4-acre run
(approximately 5,000 to 10,000 ft2). The runs should be long and narrow to provide plenty of room
to run. Fences should be 5- to 6-feet tall and strong enough to withstand pressure from birds
leaning against them.
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Rabbits

Rabbits are generally housed separately to reduce fighting and control breeding. Rabbits are ondemand ovulators and will readily breed year-round. The minimum space requirement for a rabbit
is four times the adult body size. The herd buck needs a larger pen, as breeding occurs in his pen.

Most commercial breeding operations or meat rabbit operations use a formulated complete pellet
Protein content should range from 12 to 18 percent. Feed should also contain a minimum of 8
percent crude fiber.

Clean fresh water should be provided at all times. Adult rabbits require 8 to 16 ounces per day.

Fryers are harvested at 4.5 to 5 pounds live weight, which generally corresponds to 8 to 12 weeks
of age.
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Beef
Feeder Cattle
Calves 400-800
lbs.
Finishing 8001,200 lbs.
Bred heifers 800
lbs.
Cows 1,000 lbs.
Unpaved lot
without mound
ft2/animal
300-600
400-800
500-800
Barn with lot
ft2/animal
15-20
20-25
20-25
Feeder Space
inches/animal
18-22
22-26
24-30
Self-fed grain
inches/animal
3-4
4-6
5-6
Hay
lb/animal/day
4.8
3.5
25-30
Grain
lb/animal/day
6.5-9.5
5.5-7.5
25
20
Water
lb/animal/day
Animals/waterer
– dry lot
Animals/waterer
- pasture
20
15
15
Gal/head/day –
hot weather
18
15-22
15
18
Gal/head/day –
cold weather
8-15
8-11
7
9
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Dairy Cows
Cow Stall Platform Sizes
Under 1200 lbs.
1200-1600 lbs.
Over 1600 lbs.
Width
4feet 0 inches
4 feet 6 inches
Length
5 feet 6 inches
5 feet 9 inches
Width
4 feet 0 inches
4 feet’ 6 inches
5 feet 0 inches
Length
5 feet 9 inches
6 feet’ 0 inches
6 feet 6 inches
Stanchion Stalls
Not Recommended
Tie Stalls
Replacement Animal Space Requirements
0-2 months (individual pens)
Pen Size (feet)
Calf hutch (plus 4’x6’ outdoor run)
4x8
Bedded pen
4x7
Tie stall
2x4
3-5 months (groups up to 6 head)
Super calf hutch
25-30 ft2/head
Bedded pen
25-30 ft2/head
Water Requirements
Gallons/animal/day
Calves (1-1.5 gal/100 lbs)
6-10
Heifers
10-15
Dry cows
20-30
Milking cows
35-45
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Dairy Cows
Heifer Housing
(Assumes access to a 10 foot wide scraped feed alley)
Age in months
5-8
9-12
13-15
16-24
Square feet per animal
Resting area
25
28
32
40
Paved outside
lot
35
40
45
50
Bedding resting
area
25
28
32
40
Slotted floor
12
13
17
25
Feeding Space Requirements
Age in months
3-4
5-8
9-12
13-15
16-24
Mature cow
Inches per animal
Self-feeder,
hay or
silage
4
4
5
6
6
6
Mixed
ration or
grain
12
12
15
18
18
18
Once-a-day
feeding
hay, silage,
or ration
12
18
22
26
26
26-30
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Horses
Hay Manger and Grain Box Dimensions
(Dimensions for inside the stall, in inches)
Dimensions (inches)
Hay manger1
Grain box
All mature animals
(Mares, geldings,
brood mares,
stallions)
Length
Throat height
Width
Depth
30-36
38-42
20-24
24-30
20-24
38-42
12-16
8-12
Foals and 2-year-olds
Length
Throat height
Width
Depth
24-30
32-36
16-20
20-24
16-20
32-36
10-16
6-8
Ponies
Length
Throat height
Width
Depth
24
32
18
20
18
32
10
6-8
1. Wall corner hay racks are often used instead of mangers. Five feet is the usual distance
between the floor and the bottom of the rack. Many horsemen feed hay on the stall floor in
both box and tie stalls and use a wall-mounted grain box in the corner of the stall.
Door and Ceiling Dimensions (in feet)
Door
Width (feet)
Height (feet)
Stalls
4
8
Small wheeled equipment
10
10
Horse and rider
12
12
Large equipment, horse and
rider
16
14
Ceiling
Minimum height
(feet)
Horse
8
Horse and rider
12
Animal Ownership Information Sheet
Horses
Space Requirements for Horses in Buildings
In open-front shelters, plan for 60 to 80 ft2/1,000 lb live weight
Dimensions of stalls including manger
Size
Mature animal (mare
or gelding)
Brood mare
Foal to 2-year old
Stallion1
Pony
Box stall size (feet)
10 x 10
10 x 12
12 x 12
12 x 12
10 x 10
12 x 12
14 x 14
9x9
Small
Medium
Large
Large (or larger)
Average
Large
Extra large
Average
Tie stall size (feet)
5x9
5 x 12
4.5 x 9
5x9
3x6
1. Work stallions daily, or provide a 2- to 4-acre paddock for exercise.
Stall Characteristics
Item
Water
Feed
Manure
Bedding
Exercise
Space
Floor
Partitions
Top guard
Tie stalls
Box stalls
Out-of-stall
In-stall
Less carrying
Less required
Out-of-stall
45 to 60 sq. ft.
Clay or plank
Strong & tight
Manger end
In-stall
In-stall
More carrying
More required
Limited in-stall
100 to 320 sq. ft.
Clay or plank
Strong & tight
On partitions
Water Requirements
Type and age of animal
Mature (mare or gelding)
Brood mares
Foals to 2-year-olds
Stallions
Ponies
Gallons/animal/day
8-12
8-12
6-8
8-12
6-8
Rationale
Caring for animals humanely requires a great deal of specialized knowledge about animals’ needs.
These needs include adequate food, water, and healthcare. Basic knowledge will help the animal
owner establish a more efficient management system that will cut down on time and costs spent
caring for them.
Objectives
Participants will:
1. Understand how ruminant and nonruminant digestive systems function.
2. Understand animal nutritional needs.
3. Learn how to judge hay quality based on a number of characteristics.
4. Know the basics of preventative health care for animals.
5. Learn additional tips for health and safety.
6. Understand the impacts animals can make on their property and how to avoid these impacts.
7. Develop a manure management strategy.
8. Evaluate how well their properties meet animal needs.
Feeding Requirements Information Sheet
How Much Feed?
FEED (hay)
tons/month
FORAGE
AUMs/month
1 cow
0.4
1.0
1 horse
0.5
1.25
1 sheep
0.1
0.2
1 llama
0.15
0.3
1 goat
0.1
0.2
(Also see Module 5, Lesson 2)
Annual Feed and Forage Production
FERTILE SOILS
POOR SOILS
FEED
(Hay in
tons/acre/year)
FORAGE
(AUMs/acre/year)
FEED
(Hay in
tons/acre/year)
FORAGE
(AUMs/
acre/year)
Irrigated
2-4
3-4
<2
1-2
Non-irrigated
1-2
1-2
0.5 or less
0.5
1
0.5
0.5 or less
0.25
Range/
Woodland
Feeding Requirements Sheet
1. Number and species of animals maintained year-round:
a.
____________________________________________________________________
b.
____________________________________________________________________
c.
____________________________________________________________________
d.
____________________________________________________________________
2. Yearly food requirements:
FEED: ___________ (# and type of animals) X ________ monthly feed requirement for that
species X 12 months = ________ tons feed (hay)/year
OR
FORAGE: ___________ (# and type animals) X ________ AUMs required X 12 months =
__________ AUMs/year
3. Yearly food production from your property (see Module 5, Lessons 1 and 2):
FEED:
# acres of pasture _____________ X production/acre _______________ = tons feed (hay)/year
OR
FORAGE:
# acres of pasture _____________ X AUMs/acre ____________ = ____________ AUMs/year
4. How much feed will you need to buy? What will it cost?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Livestock Manure Production Tables Information Sheet
Manure Production
Dry Manure Production Values – As Excreted
N
P2O5
K2O
Volume
Weight
lb/day
lb/day
lb/day
cu ft/d
lb/day
Beef (Cow)
0.33
0.27
0.31
1.02
63
Beef (Yearling)
0.30
0.23
0.24
0.89
55
Dairy (Dry)
0.36
0.11
0.28
1.32
82
Dairy (Lactating)
0.45
0.16
0.31
1.29
80
Ducks
0.70
0.69
0.60
0.73
46
Goats
0.45
0.11
0.31
0.63
40
Heifers
0.31
0.09
0.29
1.37
85
Horses
0.28
0.11
0.23
0.81
50
Poultry (Layer)
0.83
0.71
0.41
0.96
61
Sheep
0.45
0.16
0.36
0.63
40
Swine (Gestating)
0.19
0.14
0.15
0.44
27
Swine (Growing)
0.42
0.37
0.27
1.02
63
Turkeys
0.74
0.64
0.34
0.69
44
*Each figure based on 1,000-pound body weight.
Animal species
and condition*
Percent
Moisture
88
87
88
88
75
75
89
78
75
75
91
90
75
Adapted from Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook (210-AWMFH) 1992. USDA – National Engineering
Handbook, Chapter 4, p. 8-17.
Characteristics of Bedding Materials
Bedding material
Compost
Cornstalks (shredded)
Legume hay (chopped)
Legume hay (loose)
Nonlegume hay (chopped)
Nonlegume hay (loose)
Sand
Sawdust
Soil
Straw (baled)
Straw (chopped)
Straw (loose)
Straw-oats (baled)
Straw-wheat (baled)
Wood chips/shavings
*Weight of bedding when mixed with manure.
Bedding
(lbs/cu ft)
30
5
7
4
6
4
105
11
75
5
7
3
8
6
9
Mixed*
(lbs/cu ft)
15
11
13
9
12
8
105
16
75
9
14
5
19
13
18
Moisture
(percent)
20-60
10-20
10-15
10-15
10-15
10-15
15-30
10-20
15-50
5-15
5-15
5-15
5-15
5-15
10-20
Manure and Nutrient Quantity Calculation Sheet
1. Animal species and daily volume and weight of manure produced:
Volume
Animal species
(cu ft/day)
Weight
(lb/day)
Total daily accumulation
1a. Multiply the total daily volume and total daily weight by the number of days the animal’s manure
collected. Note: this is only manure generated by animals, bedding material, will add to these values.
Total volume (cu ft) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation
Total weight (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation
2. Calculate the amount of nutrients present in the manure. Manure test data provides more accurate
measurements, but the values in the handout provide a reasonable estimate.
N
P2O5
K2O
Animal species
(lb/day)
(lb/day)
(lb/day)
Total daily accumulation
2a. Multiply the total daily nutrient accumulations by the number of days the animal’s manure will be
collected. Note: this is only manure generated by animals, bedding material, will add to these values.
Total N (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation
Total P2O5 (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation
Total K2O (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation
Total nutrients will be reduced due to losses that occur from management practices. However, these
values represent an estimated fertilizer value for the manure, which may be used on your pastures,
gardens, etc.
Rationale
Domestic livestock have profound impacts on wildlife. In many cases, adding livestock to the
landscape reduces habitat where wild animals can thrive and reproduce. In other cases, feed
provided for livestock is eaten by wildlife, elevating the numbers of these animals past a natural level
that can be sustained without human help. The most serious impact is the potential for transmission of
diseases that can be passed back and forth between livestock and wild animals. Some diseases may
also affect humans. It is difficult to control disease in wildlife populations. All these factors result in
consequences for landowners, pets, livestock and wildlife.
Managing wildlife is a multifaceted process. First and foremost, landowners must determine the
species of wildlife that inhabit their surrounding areas. Are wildlife permanent residents, or are they
seasonal or migratory? Then, landowners must decide if they want to encourage a specific wildlife
species or discourage it. Learning what wildlife is on their properties and deciding which species they
want to encourage or discourage can help landowners achieve their goals.
Objectives
Participants will:
1. Understand how to minimize negative impacts to and from wildlife.
2. Gain a basic knowledge of diseases that affect wildlife, domestic livestock and humans.
3. Understand methods to discourage wildlife.
4. Understand the aspects of predator control.
5. Understand methods to encourage wildlife and the risks of doing so.
6. Establish goals for managing wildlife on their properties.
Materials/supplies to be requested from participants before class starts
1. Maps they have made of their properties
2. Notebooks with forms and exercises done to date
3. Calculator, paper, writing utensils, rulers, etc.
Materials/supplies needed for class
1. Flip chart and markers (or dry-erase board, chalkboard or overhead projector)
2. Overhead or PowerPoint computer projection system and Pointer
3. Mylar overlays or tracing paper and pens for mapping
4. Refreshments
Local resources needed for class
1. Check with a local U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service officer to identify the main predation issues in your
area. Ask him or her to talk about recognizing predator tracks, identifying kill marks, etc.
Alternatively, check with the local federal trapper in your area. Ask him or her to talk about the
local rules for trapping.
2. Check with the local health department, Cooperative Extension, NRCS or other state, county or
local entity to identify diseases of concern or interest in your area.
Background information for instructors
If participants filled out their preregistration forms, use them to tailor the presentation to topics of
interest to the group.
The “Web sites for further information” section of this lesson contains general and species-specific
information that you may find helpful.
California Department of Food and Agriculture, unknown date, A Guide to Living with Wildlife – “How
to Animal Proof your Home,” www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Animal_Health/pdfs/animalproof.pdf
Craighead, C., 1997, Who Ate the Backyard? Living with Wildlife on Private Land, Grand Teton
Natural History Association.
Jones, K., ed., unknown date, Landowning, Colorado Style, Landowner Information Booklet, a
consortium of Colorado State and Federal agencies,
http://www.co.nrcs.usda.gov/news/pas/Publications/LCSGuide.pdf
Handouts needed for participants
1. Setting Wildlife Goals Activity Sheet
Handouts needed for participants (in addition to lesson handouts)
Instructor, please add any local publications that may be useful.
Homework assignment
1. Using the Setting Wildlife Goals Activity Sheet:
a. Determine the local wildlife population on or around your property.
b. Determine wildlife goals for your property:
 Complete exclusion.
 Open access.
 Combination.
c. Determine available wildlife habitat on your property.
d. Come up with a plan to modify your property and facilities appropriately to achieve your
wildlife goals. This plan should include:
 Existing areas and facilities used by your animals.
 Manure storage areas and schedules.


Fencing, feeding areas and facilities, new or redesigned, to minimize negative animal
impacts, discourage/encourage wildlife and limit or eliminate predation.
Landscaping or features to attract desirable wildlife.
2. Add the Setting Wildlife Goals Activity Sheet to your notebook as part of your permanent record
for your property. The data generated from this activity should also be added to your map or used
to create an overlay to your maps.
Setting Wildlife Goals
1. What species of wildlife are common in your area? ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Which species of wildlife do you want to encourage?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Have you considered what animal(s) prey on the species of wildlife you want to encourage? How
will you deal with this potential problem?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Which species of wildlife do you want to discourage?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Are there portions of your property on which you want to limit access by wildlife?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Are there portions of your property in which you want to encourage access by wildlife?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Setting Wildlife Goals
7. What assets does your property have, in terms of wildlife needs?
a. Food sources:__________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. Water sources: _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
c. Shelter, shade, cover and nesting habitat: ____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8. What assets do you need to add to your property to provide for wildlife needs?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9. What actions are necessary to implement your goals?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________